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单梁起重机和架空单轨的工字钢尺寸,一般由跑车的轮压在翼缘上造成的局部高弯曲应力,或简称翼缘弯曲应力来决定的,(图1)。这应力在轮压作用点范围內导致工字钢的应力显著超过由法向靜力矩和横向力(即工字钢弯曲)所引起的应力。 相似文献
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针对铝合金型材难焊、怕焊的特点,设计了一种用于电动客车铝合金骨架的榫卯连接节点,对铝合金型材梁、榫卯节点及加强榫卯节点三种结构开展了三点弯曲性能试验,研究比较了三种结构的破坏模式、力学性能和应变分布。研究结果表明,型材梁破坏模式主要是腹板屈曲变形及下翼缘受拉断裂,榫卯节点及加强榫卯节点能够减少单根卯梁腹板受力过程中的屈曲变形,两者的失效主要表现为卯梁下翼缘处焊缝开裂。在三种样件中,加强榫卯节点峰值力最高,型材梁弯曲刚度、吸能效果均优于其它两种样件。相同弯曲力下,榫卯节点卯梁腹板处应变高于型材梁,节点加强后,卯梁腹板应变有所减小,翼缘处应变增大。 相似文献
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局部弯曲应力的计算是下翼缘受载的工字钢梁强度设计的重要内容。首先介绍了现有的工字钢下翼缘局部弯曲应力的计算方法,分析了其中存在的问题。然后构建了工字钢30a的精细三维实体有限元模型,设计了两种计算工况,并通过这两种工况的计算结果获取了较为精确的局部弯曲应力值。接着对局部弯曲应力的影响范围和分布特点进行了分析,并与现有方法的计算结果进行了比较,提出了"按照等厚板模型简化下翼缘是不合理的,基于该原则的计算结果也不够准确"的结论。最后给出了若干意见,建议在现有阶段,局部弯曲应力的计算宜直接采用三维有限元技术进行。 相似文献
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结构惯性载荷所占成分较大的桁架结构,需考虑其对杆单元弯曲应力的影响及其控制。针对该问题,可用桁架结构分析方法求解杆内轴向应力,再用受横向均布载荷梁的分析方法求解杆内最大弯曲应力,将两者相加以确定杆内最大总应力。继而,采用控制细长比的方法,以控制横向惯性载荷引起的最大弯曲应力,并讨论相应的屈曲条件以确定许用轴向压应力。运用应力比法对多工况下应力约束桁架结构进行最轻化设计,以含惯性载荷作用的3杆和10杆桁架结构优化为例,验证该控制最大弯曲应力方法的必要性与有效性。 相似文献
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在材料力学推导出的矩形截面梁剪应力公式基础上,利用夹芯梁轴向位移,弯曲挠度与剪切应变的几何关系,推导出了夹芯梁截面弯曲应力及弯曲挠度表达式,弹性理论及有关试验结果都证明了该方法的计算精确度较高。理论计算分析表明:外载荷作用下夹芯梁四点弯曲时,在外载荷作用处夹芯梁面板与芯材结合部位应采用强度理论进行校核;均布载荷作用下剪切变形对梁的弯曲正应力及挠度都有影响;集中力作用下剪切变形仅对梁弯曲挠度有影响,而对梁的弯曲正应力没有影响。该结论对材料力学关于夹芯梁四点弯曲试验内容的教学有一定启发和指导作用。 相似文献
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在起重机与单轨架空道上,所谓下翼缘跑车(图1)的应用很广泛。通常跑车行驶在工字形断面的梁上。这一类架空道或起重机梁的截面上由跑车引起应力的特点,是外力以点接触传给承载件。这个垂直力以单个轮压R出现,对整根梁及其下翼缘施加弯曲载荷。 相似文献
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以腹板-翼缘搭接连接结构为研究对象,分析了四点弯曲、三点弯曲两种简支形式的钉载分配特性以及不同简支形式对钉传载荷的影响。利用应变电测法测量了平板及上翼缘螺栓连接区的应力分布;采用ABAQUS软件建立了三维有限元实体模型,对螺栓群的钉载分配行为进行了仿真分析。结果表明,四点弯曲试件的钉载分配特性与三点弯曲的钉载分配特性相比存在明显差异:对于四点弯曲试件,平板以及上翼缘处螺栓群的钉载几乎是对称分布的;而对于三点弯曲试件,结构的不对称造成了钉载分布的不对称。此外,无论四点弯曲试件还是三点弯曲试件,对于平板上单侧的螺栓群,钉载分配均呈两边高、中间低的“浴盆状”分布;对于上翼缘连接区的螺栓群,越靠近两工字梁对接面,钉传载荷越小,反之亦然。 相似文献
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Hui-Shen Shen 《International Journal of Mechanical Sciences》2002,44(3):561-584
Nonlinear bending analysis is presented for a simply supported, functionally graded rectangular plate subjected to a transverse uniform or sinusoidal load and in thermal environments. Material properties are assumed to be temperature-dependent, and graded in the thickness direction according to a simple power-law distribution in terms of the volume fractions of the constituents. The governing equations of a functionally graded plate are based on Reddy's higher-order shear deformation plate theory that includes thermal effects. Two cases of the in-plane boundary conditions are considered. A mixed Galerkin-perturbation technique is employed to determine the load-deflection and load-bending moment curves. The numerical illustrations concern nonlinear bending response of functional graded rectangular plates with two constituent materials. The influences played by temperature rise, the character of in-plane boundary conditions, transverse shear deformation, plate aspect ratio and volume fraction distributions are studied. 相似文献
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An arch under an in-plane central concentrated radial load is subjected to combined axial compressive and bending actions. When these combined axial compressive and bending actions reach a certain value, the arch may suddenly deflect laterally and twist out of its plane of loading and fail in a lateral-torsional buckling mode. This paper derives analytical solutions for the elastic lateral-torsional buckling load of pin-ended circular arches that are subjected to a central concentrated load, using the principle of stationary potential energy in conjunction with the Rayleigh-Ritz method. Analytical solutions of the buckling load for in-plane fixed and out-of-plane pin-ended arches and for the case of the load acting above or below the shear centre are also derived. The analytical solutions are compared with results of a commercial finite element package ANSYS and a finite element code developed by authors elsewhere for arches with different slendernesses, included angles, and cross-sections. The agreement between the analytical solutions and the finite element results is very good. 相似文献
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以主梁腹板面积和截面总面积比作为变量,在定量面积和腹板高厚比条件下对惯性矩和抗弯模量进行优化,用最简单、实用的方法求主梁截面理想的强度和刚度。 相似文献
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Bending behaviour of an annular plate with clamped inner boundary and a concentrated edge load at the outer boundary is studied using the semi-analytical finite element method. The annular plate elements developed by Pardoen are used for this purpose. Exact in-plane stress field is obtained for various harmonics. Geometric stiffness matrices are developed which are general and can handle any in-plane stress field once its Fourier expansion is known. Results are presented for two radii ratios and for chosen values of the in-plane load. 相似文献
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A.K. Niyogi 《International Journal of Mechanical Sciences》1973,15(10):781-787
Approximate analysis of bending of a pin-pointed beam under distributed load resting on elastic foundation is considered. The supports are assumed to be immovable, thereby giving rise to the axial stretching of the neutral surface under lateral loads. The resulting problem is nonlinear since the axial force of constraint is dependent on the lateral displacements. Quantitative results of axial force, benidng moment and deflections are given in terms of two dimensionless parameters which depend on the load intensity, foundation modulus and properties of the beam. 相似文献
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发电机转子弯曲振动问题分析与处理 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
某水电厂水轮发电机组由于运行故障,造成发电机转子塑性弯曲,机组检修后启动振动超标.通过对机组启动、加励磁、升负荷过程振动频谱的监测分析,判断引起振动异常的原因包括原始的弯曲和加励磁后的临时热弯曲.二者相互关联,共同引起机组在升速和带负荷过程中振动幅值的大幅爬升.根据诊断结果确定处理方案,先将发电机转子铣直后重新进行现场平衡,最终将转子的振动控制在合格范围内,彻底解决了振动异常问题.通过对弯曲发电机转子的振动特性分析和处理,分析了转子弯曲情况下的平衡响应变化及热弯曲情况变化等. 相似文献