Cu-Cr-Zr-Sn合金的时效析出行为与性能

采用TEM对Cu-0.22Cr-0.05Zr-0.05Sn合金不同形变热处理状态微观组织的演变以及时效过程中析出相的状态进行研究,并以此解释形变热处理过程中合金力学性能和导电性能的变化.结果表明,合金中存在2种析出相,分别是Cr相和Cu4Zr相.其中Cr相在时效过程中分别经历了固溶体、GP区、脱溶并与基体共格以及长大;而Cu4Zr相则以早期Cr析出相为核伴随析出,与基体半共格.由于析出相尺寸很小,且分布较为均匀,使合金具有很强的时效强化效果,经940℃固溶1h后冷加工至变形率为96％并在400℃时效4h,合金的抗拉强度和电导率可分别达到400 MPa和84％IACS.对于该合金,时效温度是决定合金综合性能的关键,而时效时间对综合性能的影响并不显著.     

贵金属齿科铸造合金时效后结构和性能研究

通过对Au—Ag—Cu—Pt高含金量齿科铸造合金的研究，分析此合金的时效硬化行为，为其临床实际应用提供理论基础。试样经800℃，30min固溶处理后在350℃，500℃进行等温时效，通过金相组织观察、显微硬度测试、X射线衍射（XRD）和扫描电子显微（SEM）分析，研究了此齿科合金时效后的显微结构与性能。结果表明，该合金是典型的时效硬化型合金。长时间时效使面心立方基体α0相发生分解，最终转变为面心立方富银α2无序相和富Cu的面心正方AuCuⅠ有序相。两相以片状存在。晶界周围的片层厚，晶内的片层很薄，两者的分解方式不同。350℃短时间时效析出的AuCuⅠ有序相与基体保持共格，使基体中产生应力场，有效地提高了合金的硬度。     

时效态C17200合金的组织与性能

采用X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、高分辨电子显微镜(HRTEM)等分析手段研究C17200合金时效过程中微观组织演变,测试不同时效工艺处理后合金的硬度和电导率等性能。结果表明:合金经320℃时效1 h后,基体(200)主峰的左侧出现比较明显的低角度边带峰,即合金发生调幅分解,使得在基体的(100)面上形成圆盘状结构的GP区。合金在时效过程中存在两种析出方式:晶界不连续析出和晶内连续析出,且连续析出序列为α过饱和固溶体→GP区→γ′→γ。调幅分解和γ′相析出是C17200合金在时效过程中硬度升高并达到峰值的主要原因。     

热处理对AZ80镁合金结构及性能的影响

利用环境扫描电镜（ESEM）和透射电镜（TEM）研究了时效温度对AZ80镁合金析出相的影响,测定了析出相／基体的位向关系,分析了不同析出相的析出机理及其对合金性能的影响．实验中观察到β-Mg17Al12析出相的一种新的析出方式一颗粒状卢相沿晶界及孪晶处形核、生长．AZ80镁合金高温（310℃）时效时,析出相为连续析出,呈菱形片状或颗粒状．其中前者在晶内均匀形核生长,与基体的基面平行,对合金性能有一定强化作用;而后者分布于晶界,它的出现大大降低了合金性能．时效温度降低（〈250℃）,将出现不连续析出相,呈片层状,其片层与基体基面平行或垂直,在晶界形核并向晶内生长,随着不连续析出相的生长,将推动晶界向前移动,不连续析出相对合金的性能强化效果较大．     

镍基合金的析出相及强化机制

用结构分析和性能测试方法,研究了2种镍基合金（617和625）的时效析出相及强化机制。结果表明：在760℃时效过程中,617和625合金均析出面心立方结构的M23C6碳化物和面心立方有序结构的γ′相,M23C6碳化物分布于晶界和晶内,γ′相分布于晶内。此外,625合金还析出体心四方结构的γ″相。2种合金的晶内析出相（M23C6和γ′）稳定性好,617合金的晶界析出相（M23C6）在760℃时效3000 h后聚集长大,仍为不连续分布,可阻碍晶界滑移;625合金的晶界相（γ″相）随760℃时效时间延长数量增多。M23C6作为时效态617合金的主要析出相,弥散分布于晶界和晶内,有利于析出强化,从而提高了617合金的强度和硬度。γ″相作为625合金中的强化相,γ″相与基体（γ）之间的点阵错配度大,共格应力导致的强化作用明显,导致时效态合金的高屈服强度和硬度。     

R60705锆合金的热处理工艺及性能

通过力学性能测试和显微组织分析研究了R60705锆合金的热处理工艺与组织性能之间的关系。结果表明,R60705锆合金经870℃加热水冷淬火加550℃时效的热处理后具有较高的综合力学性能。组织中α相呈短条状分布,基体组织较细密。经该工艺处理后的综合力学性能满足了设备主轴的服役要求。     

Mg-8Zn-1Cu-0.2Cr-0.5Ce-0.5Sb合金时效微观组织

利用HRTEM研究了复合添加Cr、Ce和Sb的Mg-8Zn-1Cu合金的时效微观组织。结果表明：在160 ℃经8 h时效的实验合金时效初期存在较高的硬化速率,其微观组织中存在层错和位错等缺陷,Moiré条纹,与基体共格且无明显边界的短杆状预沉淀相和在三叉晶界交合处析出的沉淀相;经20 h时效处理后达到峰值硬度945 MPa,其微观组织中存在大量短杆状-MgZn2相,块状-MgZn2相和粒状沉淀相;经48 h时效处理后,其微观组织中存在大量沿[0001]α方向生长的长条状沉淀相和弥散分布的粒状沉淀相,与Mg-8Zn-1Cu合金相比长条状沉淀相的尺寸明显减小     

Zr-2.5Nb合金中β-Nb相的氧化过程

Zr-2.5Nb合金经β相水淬、冷轧变形及580℃,50 h退火处理,在静态高压釜中进行500℃/10.3 MPa的过热蒸汽腐蚀实验.HRTEM观测表明,580℃,50 h退火处理的锆合金析出了颗粒细小(<100 nm)的β-Nb第二相,其数量较多,分布较均匀.β-Nb相的氧化速率比锆合金基体缓慢,在氧化过程中首先生成NbO_2,呈现晶态和非晶态的混合组织,然后转变成非晶态占主导的氧化物,最后流失到腐蚀介质中.     

GH864合金870℃高温时效过程中强化相的退变

利用光学显微镜、场发射SEM等手段,对标准热处理（1080℃×4 h/AC＋845℃×24h/AC＋760℃×16h/AC）后的GH864镍基合金分别在650℃和870℃进行长期时效,研究长期时效温度和时间对合金组织和性能的影响。结果表明,GH864合金在650℃时效1000 h过程中,随着时间的延长γ＇相长大不明显,晶界碳化物及γ＇相尺寸分布状态几乎保持不变,基体中有三次γ＇相析出,随着时效时间延长硬度增加,体现了合金在该温度下良好的组织稳定性;在650℃及870℃长期时效,γ＇相随温度升高及时间延长而粗化,其规律遵循L-S-W理论,且温度越高,粗化速率也越大,温度比时间的影响更为明显;在870℃温度时效3000 h过程中,γ＇相急剧长大及其体积分数逐渐降低,γ＇相时效后期的长大速率较初期减缓;同时,合金中的晶界碳化物逐渐溶解消失,局部位置γ＇相完全溶入基体并导致复杂的合金元素反应,形成复杂组织,最终导致合金硬度下降,合金发生了明显退化。     

过量Mg、Si元素对6101电工导线性能影响及机制

通过电导率测试、拉伸试验、XRD、显微组织分析的方法研究了过量Mg、Si元素对6101铝合金导线强度及导电率的影响。结果表明:Mg过量0.15%的6101合金时效后,由于Mg在Al基体中有很大的固溶极限,大量的过剩Mg依然存在于基体中,在增加基体畸变程度的同时还会降低强化相在基体中的溶解度,使强化相容易从基体中析出并长大粗化,对合金时效强化的效果和导电率有不利的影响;Si过量0.13%、0.05%的6101合金时效后,过剩Si原子会从基体中析出,减小基体的晶格畸变,有利于导电性能的提高;过剩Si的存在可促进β″相的析出,增强合金时效强化效果与速率,且Si过量0.13%合金效果强于Si过量0.05%合金。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.