溅射功率和靶基距对ZAO薄膜性能影响

采用直流反应磁控溅射技术,制备获得ZnO:Al( ZAO)薄膜,研究溅射功率、靶基距关键制备工艺参数对ZAO薄膜的组织结构、光、电性能的影响,并获得了最佳的溅射功率、靶基距制备参数,利用该参数制备ZAO薄膜,能够获得在可见光范围内的平均透射率》80％,最低电阻率为4.5×10-4Ω·cm的ZAO薄膜,其光电性能均满足应...     

溅射功率对ZnO:Al薄膜光电性能的影响

采用射频磁控溅射工艺,以Al掺杂ZnO(ZAO)陶瓷靶为靶材在石英玻璃基片上制备出具有优良光电性能的ZAO透明导电薄膜,研究了溅射功率对薄膜光电性能的影响。在不同溅射功率条件下制备的ZAO薄膜具有很好的c轴择优取向。较大功率溅射有利于薄膜晶粒尺寸的增大、电阻率降低。ZAO薄膜在可见光区的透过率平均值高达90%以上,受溅射功率影响不大。在340nm-420nm波长附近ZAO薄膜透过率急剧下降,呈现明显的紫外吸收边;高的溅射功率提高了ZAO薄膜的光学带隙宽度。     

衬底温度对共溅射法制备TZO薄膜光电性能的影响

以金属Ti和ZnO陶瓷作为溅射靶材,采用直流和射频双靶磁控共溅射方法在玻璃衬底上制备Ti掺杂ZnO(TZO)透明导电薄膜,探究了衬底温度对薄膜光电性能的影响。采用扫描电子显微镜、原子力显微镜、X射线衍射仪、紫外-可见分光光度计和四探针测试仪对薄膜微观形貌、结构及光电性能进行了表征和分析。结果表明:制备的TZO薄膜均具有C轴取向生长的六角纤锌矿结构,衬底温度为350℃时TZO薄膜结晶质量最好,电阻率最小,为2.78×10~(-3)Ω·cm,品质因子最高,达到334.1S/cm。所有薄膜样品在波长380～780nm区间平均透过率大于91%,随着衬底温度的升高,TZO薄膜的吸收边出现了蓝移。     

直流/射频反应磁控溅射法制备W掺杂VO_X薄膜的工艺和性能

用直流/射频反应磁控共溅射法分别在玻璃和单晶硅片基底上制备VOX薄膜和W掺杂VOX薄膜,经退火后,对薄膜进行电阻-温度特性、XRD、表面形貌等测试。结果表明:当溅射气压为1.5 Pa、氧氩比为0.8:25 sccm、V靶采用100 W直流电源、W靶10 W射频电源共溅射制备的W掺杂VOX薄膜,经Ar气氛中450℃退火2 h后,薄膜相变温度由未掺杂时的68℃降低到40℃左右。XRD衍射结果表明部分W原子进入了VOX晶格;另外单晶硅片上制备的VOX薄膜的电阻温度系数和电阻值均大于玻璃基片上制备的薄膜。     

用铝丝掺杂溅射ZnO薄膜的光电性能研究

本文采用射频磁控反应溅射法于常温下在硅片和玻璃基片上制备ZnO和掺铝ZnO薄膜,将铝丝置于ZnO靶材上共同溅射来达到掺杂的效果,利用不同长度的铝丝以获得不同的掺杂量。通过X射线衍射法对薄膜进行结构分析,利用紫外-可见分光光度计获得薄膜的透过率光谱,霍尔效应仪测量薄膜的电学性能。发现所制备的样品在可见光区域透过率达到80%以上,达到了透明膜的要求;掺Al后的ZnO膜电阻率最低达到了4.25×10-4Ω·cm;结构表征发现样品的(002)晶面有明显衍射峰。基于包络线方法通过透射谱拟合计算了薄膜样品的折射率和厚度。     

磁控溅射技术制备Al_2O_3掺杂ZnO透明导电膜的性能

以纯度为99．9％的98％（质量分数）ZnO、2％（质量分数）A12O3陶瓷靶为溅射靶材，采用射频磁控溅射法在玻璃衬底上制备了Al203掺杂的ZnO薄膜。采用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、紫外可见光谱仪等方法测试和分析了不同衬底温度、溅射偏压以及退火工艺对ZAO薄膜形貌结构、光电学性能的影响。结果表明，在衬底温度200...     

共溅射法制备Cu掺杂ZnO薄膜结构及性能的研究

采用直流与射频双靶共溅射的方法在玻璃衬底上制备Cu掺杂的ZnO薄膜,并研究了Cu的溅射功率以及氧分压对薄膜结构和光电性能的影响,利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、紫外可见光分光光度计(UV-VIS)以及霍尔测试仪(HALL8800)分别对样品的结构、光学特性以及电学特性进行表征,结果表明,薄膜的结晶质量随Cu溅射功率的增大有所提高,超过一定范围开始降低,而透过率则一直减小,增大氧分压可以改善样品的透过率。Cu的掺入使薄膜发生了由n型向p型的转变,且富氧条件下有利于这种转变。     

ZAO薄膜的溶胶-凝胶法制备及性能研究

以普通玻璃载玻片为衬底,采用溶胶-凝胶工艺成功地制备出沿(002)晶面择优取向生长的ZAO薄膜.用XRD、SEM、紫外-可见光分光光度计和四探针电阻测试仪进行了结构和性能分析,研究了掺Al3+浓度、镀膜层数和退火温度对ZAO薄膜的晶体结构、形貌及光电性能的影响.当掺杂浓度为1%(原子分数)、镀膜层数为12层、在氩气气氛下经过600℃退火时,得到电阻率为1.37×10-2Ω·cm、可见光范围内平均透射率超过90%的ZAO薄膜.     

Al-Sn共掺杂ZnO薄膜的结构与光电性能研究

采用射频磁控共溅射法在玻璃衬底上制备出了Al与Sn共掺杂的ZnO(ATZO)薄膜.在固定ZnO∶Al(AZO)靶溅射功率不变的条件下,研究了Sn靶溅射功率对ATZO薄膜的结晶质量、表面形貌、电学和光学性能的影响.结果表明,制备的ATZO薄膜是六角纤锌矿结构的多晶薄膜,具有c轴择优取向,而且表面致密均匀.当Sn溅射功率为5W时,330 nm厚度的ATZO薄膜的电阻率最小为1.49×10-3 Ω·cm,比AZO薄膜下降了22％.ATZO薄膜在400～900 nm波段的平均透过率为88.92％,禁带宽度约为3.62 eV.     

直流磁控溅射制备ZAO透明导电薄膜及性能研究

运用直流磁控溅射法,采用ZAO陶瓷靶材(Al2O3相对含量2%(质量分数)),结合正交实验表通过改变制备工艺中的基片温度、溅射功率、氧流量百分比等参数,在普通玻璃衬底上制备得到ZnO∶Al(ZAO)透明导电薄膜。通过X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、荧光分光光度计、四探针测试仪对样品的晶体结构、表面形貌、光电性能进行表征分析。通过正交分析法得出直流磁控溅射法制备ZAO薄膜的最佳组合工艺为基片温度200℃,溅射功率40W,氧流量百分比20%,退火温度400℃,获得薄膜样品最低方块电阻11Ω/□,薄膜具有最好的发光性能,适合作为薄膜太阳电池的透明导电电极。     

Comparative study of zinc oxide and aluminum doped zinc oxide transparent thin films grown by direct current magnetron sputtering

Pure and aluminum (Al) doped zinc oxide (ZnO and ZAO) thin films have been grown using direct current (dc) magnetron sputtering from pure metallic Zn and ceramic ZnO targets, as well as from Al-doped metallic ZnAl2at.% and ceramic ZnAl2at.%O targets at room temperature (RT). The effects of target composition on the film's surface topology, crystallinity, and optical transmission have been investigated for various oxygen partial pressures in the sputtering atmosphere. It has been shown that Al-doped ZnO films sputtered from either metallic or ceramic targets exhibit different surface morphology than the undoped ZnO films, while their preferential crystalline growth orientation revealed by X-ray diffraction remains always the (002). More significantly, Al-doping leads to a larger increase of the optical transmission and energy gap (E_g) of the metallic than of the ceramic target prepared films.     

透明导电膜ZnO:Al(ZAO)的组织结构与特性

ZnO:Al(ZAO)是一种简单并半导体氧化物薄膜材料，具有高的载流子浓度和光学禁带宽度，因而具有优异的电学和光学性能，极具应用价值，对于其能级高度简并的ZAO半导体薄膜材料，在较低的温度下，离化杂质散射占主导地位，在较高的温度下，晶格振动散射将成为主要的散射机制；晶界散射仅当晶粒尺寸较小（与电子的平均自由程相当）时才起作用，本文分析了ZAO薄膜的制备方法，晶体结构特性，电子和光学性能以及载流子的散射机制。     

Preparation and character of textured ZnO:Al thin films deposited on flexible substrates by RF magnetron sputtering

ZnO:Al thin films deposited on transparent TPT substrates by magnetron sputtering were etched in acetic acid solution. The effects of etching solution concentration and etching time on the structure and properties of ZnO:Al films were investigated. The obtained films had a hexagonal structure and a highly preferred orientation with the c-axis perpendicular to the substrate. The ZAO film etched in 1% acetic acid solution for 10 s had a pyramidal structure and an enhanced light scattering ability, the average transmittance and reflectance in the visible region were 72% and 26% respectively, the sheet resistance was 260 Ω/□. Both transmittance and reflectance of the films decreased as the etching solution concentration and etching time increasing. Etching had a negative effect on the conductive properties of ZAO films. The lowest sheet resistance was 120 Ω/□ for the ZAO film without etching.     

氢化及沉积温度对掺铝ZnO透明导电薄膜性能影响

采用射频磁控溅射方法在玻璃衬底上制备了掺铝ZnO透明导电薄膜(AZO)。为了降低AZO薄膜的电阻率, 采用在溅射气氛中通入一定比例H₂的方法对AZO薄膜进行氢化处理, 并研究了溅射气氛中H₂含量及衬底温度对AZO薄膜氢化效果的影响。结果表明: 在低温条件下, 氢化处理能有效降低AZO薄膜的电阻率; 在衬底温度为100℃的低温条件下, 通过调节溅射气氛中H₂的比例, 制备了电阻率为6.0×10^-4 Ω·cm的高质量氢化AZO薄膜, 该电阻值低于同等条件下未氢化AZO薄膜电阻值的1/3; 但随着衬底温度的升高, 氢化处理对薄膜电学性能的改善效果逐渐减弱。     

ZnO thin film sensors for detecting dimethyl- and trimethyl-amine vapors

Undoped and Al-doped ZnO thin films were deposited on quartz substrates using an indigenously developed modified chemical vapor deposition technique. Microstructures of the deposited films were optimized by adjusting various growth parameters. The baseline resistance of the ZnO film sensors was stabilized by annealing the as-deposited films periodically in an oxidizing and reducing ambient at maximum operating temperature. The sensor parameters were studied by exposing the optimized ZnO thin films to low concentrations of dimethylamine (DMA) and trimethylamine (TMA), the chemical species released from harvested fish and other seafood with ageing. The effect of operating temperature was found to play a vital role in determining the sensitivity and resolution of the sensor. While the undoped ZnO film surface, sensitized with palladium, exhibited higher DMA sensitivity than that of TMA, an enhanced TMA sensitivity was noticed with the ZnO films doped with aluminum.     

气溶胶辅助化学气相沉积制备Al掺杂ZnO透明导电薄膜

采用气溶胶辅助化学气相沉积(AACVD)法在玻璃衬底上制备了Al掺杂ZnO(AZO)薄膜. 研究了Al掺杂(2at%~8at%)对ZnO薄膜结构及光电性能的影响. 利用XRD、SEM、EDAX、紫外可见分光光度计等手段对样品进行测试. 结果表明, 制备的所有AZO薄膜均具有纤锌矿结构, 不具有沿c轴方向的择优取向, XRD图谱中未观察出Al的相关分相. 在可见光范围内, AZO薄膜的平均透过率大于72%, 光学禁带宽度随Al掺杂量的增加而变窄. 同时根据四探针技术所得的数据得知: Al的掺杂导致薄膜方块电阻的变化, 随着Al掺杂量的增加, 方块电阻有明显变小的现象, 掺杂6at%Al的AZO薄膜具有最低方块电阻(18Ω/□).     

Influence of Al concentration on structural and optical properties of Al-doped ZnO thin films

Undoped ZnO and Al-doped zinc oxide (ZnO:Al) thin films with different Al concentrations were prepared onto Si (100) substrate by pulsed filtered cathodic vacuum arc deposition system at room temperature. The influence of doping on the structural and optical properties of thin films was investigated. The preferential (002) orientation was weakened by high aluminum doping in films. Raman measurement was performed for the doping effects in the ZnO. Atomic force microscopy images revealed that the surface of undoped ZnO film grown at RT was smoother than that of the Al-doped ZnO (ZnO:Al) films. The reflectance of all films was studied as a function of wavelength using UV–Vis–NIR spectrophotometer. Average total reflectance values of about 35 % in the wavelength range of 400–800 nm were obtained. Optical band gap of the films was determined using the reflectance spectra by means of Kubelka–Munk formula. From optical properties, the band gap energy was estimated for all films.     

Structural, optical and electrical properties of Al-doped ZnO microrods prepared by spray pyrolysis

Al-doped ZnO thin films were obtained on glass substrates by spray pyrolysis in air atmosphere. The molar ratio of Al in the spray solution was changed in the range of 0-20 at.% in steps of 5 at.%. X-ray diffraction patterns of the films showed that the undoped and Al-doped ZnO films exhibited hexagonal wurtzite crystal structure with a preferred orientation along (002) direction. Surface morphology of the films obtained by scanning electron microscopy revealed that pure ZnO film grew as quasi-aligned hexagonal shaped microrods with diameters varying between 0.7 and 1.3 μm. However, Al doping resulted in pronounced changes in the morphology of the films such as the reduction in the rod diameter and deterioration in the surface quality of the rods. Nevertheless, the morphology of Al-doped samples still remained rod-like with a hexagonal cross-section. Flower-like structures in the films were observed due to rods slanting to each other when spray solution contained 20 at.% Al. Optical studies indicated that films had a low transmittance and the band gap decreased from 3.15 to 3.10 eV with the increasing Al molar ratio in the spray solution from 0 to 20 at.%.     

Structures and properties of the Al-doped ZnO thin films prepared by radio frequency magnetron sputtering

Al-doped ZnO thin films were deposited by radio frequency magnetron sputtering using a ZnO target with 2 wt.% Al₂O₃. The structures and properties of the films were characterized by the thin film X-ray diffraction, high resolution transmission electron microscopy, Hall system and ultraviolet/visible/near-infrared spectrophotometer. The Al-doped ZnO film with high crystalline quality and good properties was obtained at the sputtering power of 100 W, working pressure of 0.3 Pa and substrate temperature of 250 °C. The results of further structure analysis show that the interplanar spacings d are enlarged in other directions besides the direction perpendicular to the substrate. Apart from the film stress, the doping concentration and the doping site of Al play an important role in the variation of lattice parameters. When the doping concentration of Al is more than 1.5 wt.%, part of Al atoms are incorporated in the interstitial site, which leads to the increase of lattice parameters. This viewpoint is also proved by the first principle calculations.     

Nonlinear optical investigations on Al doping ratio in ZnO thin film under pulsed Nd:YAG laser irradiation

In the present study, it has been reported on the effect of Al doping on linear and nonlinear optical properties of ZnO thin films synthesized by spray pyrolysis method. The structural properties of ZnO thin films with different Al doping levels (0–4 wt%) were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results obtained from XRD analysis indicated that the grain size decreased as the Al doping value increased. The UV–Vis diffused refraction spectroscopy was used for calculation of band gap. The optical band gap of Al-doped ZnO (AZO) thin films is increased from 3.26 to 3.31 eV with increasing the Al content from 0 to 4 wt%. The measurements of nonlinear optical properties of AZO thin films have been performed using a nanosecond Nd:YAG pulse laser at 532 nm by the Z-scan technique. The undoped ZnO thin film exhibits reverse saturation absorption (RSA) whereas the AZO thin films exhibit saturation absorption (SA) that shows RSA to SA process with adding Al to ZnO structure under laser irradiation. On the other hand, all the films showed a self-defocusing phenomenon because the photons of laser stay on below the absorption edge of the ZnO and AZO films. The third-order nonlinear optical susceptibility, χ⁽³⁾, of AZO thin films, was varied from of the order of 10^?5–10^?4 esu. The results suggest that AZO thin films may be promising candidates for nonlinear optical applications.