波控短路过渡CO2焊接恒频自适应控制系统

针对短路过渡CO2焊接工艺的特殊性,基于熔滴与熔池短路阶段电源输出回路电阻的变化特征,确定了有利于消除瞬时短路及提高熔滴过渡规则性的焊接电源输出电流波形.在对短路过渡频率及焊丝伸出长度进行实时检测的基础上,采用MC68HC11A1单片机为主控CPU,建立了焊丝伸出长度变化前馈补偿-短路过渡频率负反馈控制的波控短路过渡CO     

CO2弧焊熔滴过渡过程的特征及其定量评价

研究了ＣＯ２焊接熔滴短路过渡特征参数及其统计规律，结果表明各特征参数对ＣＯ２焊接短路过渡过程变化的敏感程度不一致，某些特征参数的敏感性比短路过渡频率更强烈。为综合考虑这些参数的影响，以特征参数综合值来描述和实时评判ＣＯ２焊接短路过渡过程，得到一个能全面定量描述和评判ＣＯ２焊接过程的综合评价函数。试验和评判表明，该评价函数能够对ＣＯ２焊接短路过渡过程的不同规范状态给予综合评价。     

短路过渡焊丝伸出长度适应性数字模糊控制系统

针对短路过渡CO2气体保护焊在焊丝伸出长度变化较大时,焊接电弧稳定性差,易导致焊接过程中断和焊缝成形不良的问题,采用一种以ADI公司的ADSP2181数字信号处理器为核心,设计具有全数字控制特点的CO2焊短路过渡模糊控制系统.模糊控制系统由模糊控制器和波形控制参数在线调整两部分组成,模糊控制器主要是调节送丝速度,而后以送丝速度为依据,通过波形控制参数在线调整包括焊接电源输出电压在内的短路过渡波形控制参数.试验证明,模糊控制系统通过在线焊接平均电流检测与计算,自动调整送丝速度和波形控制参数,增强了焊接过程中焊丝伸出长度变化时焊接电弧的稳定性,提高了短路过渡CO2焊丝伸出长度的适应范围,焊丝伸出长度的变化在8～45 mm的范围内均可获得良好的焊缝成形.     

钛型渣系气保护药芯焊丝熔滴过渡及其控制

从熔滴过渡形态及分类、过渡形态与工艺性关系、熔滴过渡机理、熔滴过渡影响因素及控制等方面．探讨了钛型渣系气保护药芯焊丝熔滴过渡及其控制原理。结果表明．该焊丝熔滴过渡的基本形态是非轴向滴状过渡．在电弧电压较纸瞬时，亦会发生短路过渡行为这类焊丝熔滴过渡形态对工艺性的影响，取决于焊接规范参数的变化．主要是焊接电流．并通过影响熔滴过渡指数．进而使工艺性指标发生之，依据该焊丝熔滴形成过程特点，建立了药芯焊丝熔滴过渡受力模型，焊接电流变化时．不同的作用力对熔滴过渡起主要作用。通过调整药芯组成物，选择焊丝截面形状，改变焊丝直径和钢带厚度．优化焊接工艺参数．改变作用于熔滴上相关力的大小或方向．最终实现对熔滴过渡的控制。     

CO2气保护药芯焊丝工艺性评价方法

CO2气保护药芯焊丝熔滴行为对药芯焊丝工艺性有直接的影响,不同的熔滴行为可间接反映在焊接过程电信号的变化中.利用汉诺威弧焊分析仪对CO2气保护药芯焊丝的焊接电参数进行测试分析,提取短路大电流概率密度和、短路过渡频率、瞬时短路频率以及瞬时短路时间和等与药芯焊丝工艺性紧密相联的4个特征信息.然后,采用主成分分析法确定药芯焊丝工艺性评价指数,对药芯焊丝工艺性进行定量化评价,从而为科学评价药芯焊丝工艺性提供了新方法.     

短路频率计

在二氧化碳气体保护焊中,采用短路过渡时,每秒钟熔滴过渡到熔池的次数叫做短路频率。以直径φ1.2毫米的焊丝为例,比较合适的短路频率约为60～100次/秒。短路频率大小与燃弧电压、焊接电流以及焊丝直径有关。频率较大时,熔滴较小。一般说来,焊接过程就较稳定。焊缝成形就较好。     

气体保护焊在机床行业的应用

从厚大结构件焊缝质量及综合效益考虑,对熔滴过渡的原理进行分析表明, Ｃ Ｏ２ 气体保护焊加实芯焊丝工艺方法将由混配气（８０ ％ Ａｒ＋ ２０ ％ Ｃ Ｏ２） 加实芯焊丝来代替。     

脉冲MIG焊建模仿真分析及弧长控制

针对脉冲MIG焊过程中的电弧稳定性问题,建立基于尖端不稳定熔滴过渡理论的焊丝熔化动态电弧模型,并对焊接过程中的电弧电压、电弧长度及熔滴过渡尺寸进行仿真,得到与实际焊接相似的电弧电压波形,分析脉冲电流下熔滴过渡频率及影响电弧稳定性的因素,且进行弧长稳定控制的仿真研究,在此基础上运用快速原型技术建立铝合金脉冲MIG焊控制系统,采用电弧电压反馈对铝合金脉冲MIG焊过程进行送丝调节的弧长控制试验。研究表明:所建立的铝合金脉冲MIG焊焊丝熔化动态电弧模型很好反映了实际焊接过程,揭示出脉冲MIG焊焊接过程中熔滴过渡时间间隔具有一定的不确定性和电弧长度的不稳定性,通过电弧电压反馈控制可显著改善铝合金脉冲MIG焊过程电弧系统的稳定性。     

单电源三丝MIG焊的交替燃弧特性

三丝焊作为一种高效的焊接方法受到重视,而电弧形态及燃弧特性是反映焊接过程稳定性,决定焊缝成形及质量的重要因素。试验中搭建三丝熔化极惰性气体保护(Metal inert-gas,MIG)焊系统,利用Mult Daq电信号采集系统采集焊接电流和电弧电压波形,借助高速摄像系统同步拍摄电弧形态及熔滴过渡过程,实时监测焊接过程。观察不同电弧电压下的焊丝燃弧情况及熔滴过渡方式,研究短路过渡和大滴过渡形式下的交替燃弧机理,以及电弧电压对单电源三丝MIG焊交替燃弧过程的影响。结果表明,当焊接电源供给能量较小时,并联的三根焊丝上的电流分配呈现"此消彼长"的规律而导致电弧在焊丝间交替燃烧,且焊丝在电弧空间中的位置决定了焊丝上的电流分配。随着电弧电压的增加,交替燃弧频率减小。当电弧电压达到34 V时,三根焊丝同时燃弧,无交替燃弧现象,交替燃弧频率变为0 Hz。     

自保护药芯焊丝熔滴过渡的控制

从药芯组成和焊接工艺两方面对自保护药芯焊丝熔滴过渡的影响进行了研究 ,对熔滴过渡的受力进行了分析 ,研究结果表明 :适当增加气体动力即增大药芯中C、O质量分数 ,添加表面活性剂可提高颗粒过渡、射滴过渡的比例。电流、电压主要影响作用在熔滴上的电弧力 ,电流增大短路非爆炸附渣过渡、短路爆炸过渡及爆炸过渡的比例增大。电压增大使短路爆炸过渡、颗粒过渡、射滴过渡的比例增加。电流电压同样也对过渡时间有影响。而过渡时间对熔滴保护效果以及飞溅大小有重要影响     

Advanced gas metal arc welding processes

There is an increased requirement in the automotive, food and medical equipment industries to weld heat-sensitive materials, such as thin sheets, coated thin plates, stainless steel, aluminium and mixed joints. Nevertheless, relevant innovations in arc welding are not widely known and seldom used to their maximum potential. In the area of gas metal arc welding welding processes, digitalisation has allowed integration of software into the power source, wire feeder and gas regulation. This paper reviews developments in the arc welding process, particularly the effect of the set-up of the welding process parameters on waveform deposition. It is found that good weldability, good mechanical joint properties and acceptable process efficiency can be obtained for thin sheets through advanced power source regulation, especially over short circuiting, controlled polarity and electrode wire motion. The findings presented in this paper are valuable for waveform and deposition prediction. The need is furthermore noted for an algorithm that integrates gas flow parameters and wire motion control, as well as a variable sensor on the tip of the electrode, permitting flexibility of control of the current and the voltage waveform.     

Arc profile characteristics of Al alloy in double-pulsed GMAW

In order to study arc profile variation process with double-pulsed gas metal arc welding of aluminum alloy, a synchronous acquisition system and an analysis system have been established to acquire and analyze electrical signals and instantaneous images of arc profile. The results show that in double-pulse mode, the arc profile is matched with high-frequency pulse and thermal pulse. The droplet transfer mode always accompanies with high-frequency pulse cycle “one drop per pulse.” The arc profile variation and droplet transfer in thermal base are lower than that in thermal peak. The serial-type arc is easier to occur in thermal base stage. High current density distribution at the top and bottom of traveling droplet leads to dazzling region. The variation of wire extension is influenced by thermal pulse frequency. The variance of arc size in thermal base is higher than in thermal peak, which leads arc force to vary with thermal pulse frequency. The variation of the droplet transfer and arc force in double pulse can improve the weld pool mobility.     

超声辅助MIG焊接中超声作用特性研究

超声辅助熔化极惰性气体保护(Ultrasonic assisted metal inert gas,U-MIG)焊是一种新型熔化极焊接方法,利用外加声场将相应声学效果引入焊接熔池达到改善接头性能的目的。通过试验系统化研究超声对电弧形态、熔滴过渡以及接头宏观形貌的作用规律,主要目标是更好地理解超声在不同焊接条件下的作用特点。对高速摄像采集的电弧数据进行处理,结果发现随电弧电压增加,超声对电弧的压缩效果也逐渐增大;而随送丝速度增加,焊接电流增大,电弧压缩效果减弱。针对熔滴受力特点分析,可以看出超声作用后熔滴会受到一个促进熔滴过渡的附加力作用。在焊接电流为200 A时,该附加力达到最大,约为2.8×10-3 N,继续增大焊接电流,该附加力逐渐降低。对比不同送丝速度时焊缝宏观形貌,结果显示为了获得更高的焊接效率不能无限提高送丝速度,存在一个最佳的参数匹配值。结合平面驻波理论分析,随温度增加,声辐射力逐渐减弱,这在一定程度上也会削弱附加力作用效果。利用熔池薄膜模型探讨电弧、熔滴过渡以及熔池振荡三者之间的关系,超声对电弧形态、熔滴过渡的影响均可改变熔池的振荡特性,这间接表现为接头形貌的改变。通过试验与理论分析,为U-MIG焊接方法进一步发展与应用打下坚实基础。     

DETECTION AND ANALYSIS OF WELD POOL SHAPE FOR CO2 SHORT CIRCUITING ARC WELDING

0 INTRODUCTIONIt is well known that skilled welding operatorscan estimate and control beam quality by mainlyobServing the weld POOl. This means the POOl im8gecontains abundant inforTnation during weldprocess. So that, sensing information from POOl imeqedirectly is becoming a new method to control the weldquality.Following the advances in computer vision andM camera tecbnoogy, more and more researchesusing weld opl image for sensing welding processeshave been carried out, usually in T…     

基于周期平均值外特性的脉冲MIG焊弧长稳定性研究

通过对脉冲熔化极惰性气体保护(Metal inert gas,MIG)焊脉冲平均电流电压变化率的计算,提出脉冲周期平均值外特性曲线,并对弧焊电源脉冲周期平均值外特性曲线和电弧静态性曲线的动态稳定工作点进行详细分析,得出利用脉冲平均值外特性控制脉冲MIG焊的控制策略。同时运用双闭环控制实现了基于弧压反馈的I/I模式控制数字化弧焊电源,此电源能在送丝速度稳定情况下自适应弧长扰动变化,实现脉冲弧焊过程一脉一滴熔滴过渡。通过弧长阶跃试验表明,脉冲弧焊过程中焊丝熔化速度快速跟踪弧长变化,具有良好的弧长动态调节性能,保持弧长动态稳定,即焊接过程稳定,焊缝成形良好,同时验证了分析过程正确性和设计过程的可行性。     

短路过渡CO2焊接熔滴形状数值模拟与控制

为了进一步提高短路过渡CO2气体保护电弧焊的工艺性能和焊接质量,根据高速CCD摄像获得的熔滴及其短路过渡图像,分析了熔滴与熔池短路前的形状对熔滴与熔池的短路、熔滴在熔池中的铺展及液桥缩颈形成的影响.采用熔滴静力平衡模型研究了电磁力(燃弧电流)、表面张力、重力与熔滴形状的关系,并通过对燃弧电流的精确控制实现了对熔滴形状的有效控制.当熔滴与熔池短路前为细长形状时,短路过渡过程稳定柔顺,而当熔滴为扁平形状时,则不利于熔滴的短路过渡,甚至产生瞬时短路.燃弧阶段的熔滴形状体现了各种力对熔滴的作用,而电磁力(燃弧电流)是决定熔滴形状的主要因素.根据燃弧电流对熔滴形状的影响规律,提出了采用前期大、后期小的燃弧电流控制原则,以在燃弧的不同阶段获得不同的熔滴形状.试验结果表明该控制方法获得了良好的适合于熔滴短路过渡的短路前熔滴形状,短路过渡过程柔顺稳定,消除了瞬时短路以及由此导致的飞溅,改善了熔滴的短路过渡行为,短路过渡结束后焊丝端部的残余液态金属具有良好的一致性.     

Experimental Study on Metal Transfer and Welding Spatter Characteristics of Cellulose Electrode

Welding spatter cause many problems during the welding process and this issue is particularly important for cellulose electrode welding.The hot flying spatter balls often deteriorate the working environment,and decrease the welding efficiency.Many factors affect the welding spatter,and metal transfer behavior is one of the main factors.Many studies concerning the spatter mechanism in arc welding process were made;most of them focused on the solid wire welding and the study on cellulose electrode is rarely reported.In this paper the metal transfer behavior and the weld spatter characteristics of three commercial cellulose electrodes were studied experimentally by using a high speed camera for visually capturing the metal transfer.The relationship between the metal transfer and the welding spatter was analyzed experimentally by comparing the spatter loss coefficient,which is for quantitative evaluation of welding spatter,with the statistical analysis of the large droplet transfer mode.The results showed that short circuiting transfer,large droplet spray transfer,fine droplet spray transfer and explosive transfer govern the metal transfer modes in cellulose electrode welding.Weld spatter occurred mainly in the deflection of large droplet process,explosive transfer process and fine droplet spraying process.Different metal transfer modes lead to different spatter.The deflection of large droplet and explosive transfer are the main factors of the spatter formation.Minimizing the droplet size and reducing the deflection of large droplet and explosive transfer leads to the reduction the amount of spatter in cellulose electrode welding.     

CHARACTERISTICS OF DROPLET TRANSFER IN CO_2 LASER-MIG HYBRID WELDING WITH SHORTCIRCUITING MODE

LF6 aluminum alloy plates with 4.5 mm thickness are welded in this experiment.Welding is carried out by using the CO2 laser-MIG paraxial hybrid welding in flat position. The experimental results indicate that the inherent droplet transfer cycle time of conventional MIG arc is changed due to the interaction between CO2 laser beam and MIG arc in the short-circuiting mode of laser-MIG hybrid welding. Because of the preheating action of CO2 laser to electrode and base material, the droplet transfer frequency of MIG arc is increased in the hybrid welding process. When laser power is increased to a certain degree, the droplet transfer frequency is decreased due to the effect of laser-induced keyhole. Furthermore, through analyzing the MIG welding current and arc voltage waveforms and the characteristics of droplet transfer in the hybrid welding process, the effect of laser energy and the action point between laser beam and arc on the frequency of droplet transfer and weld appearance is investigated in details.     

高氮钢激光-电弧复合焊接气孔控制方法研究*

为了掌握高氮钢复合焊接气孔控制的有效方法,研究电弧能量、激光能量和振动频率对焊缝气孔的影响。从气孔率方面分析焊缝气孔的产生原因,并从电流和电压波形及熔滴过渡方面分析其对焊接过程稳定性的影响。熔池流动与焊缝气孔具有一定的关联性,并从熔池流动状态方面分析其对气孔的影响。激光匙孔的形成需要一定的阈值能量,匙孔穿透状态对气孔率有直接影响,依据激光匙孔底部受力情况,分析匙孔状态对焊缝气孔率的影响。结果表明：气孔率随电弧能量或激光能量的增加而呈先升后降的变化趋势,电弧能量4 800 J(I=200 A,U=24 V)时,气孔率最低,仅为0.49%;而激光功率为2.8 kW时,气孔率降为最低,仅为0.14%;施加振动后焊缝气孔率均明显减小,气孔率随着振动频率的增加而先降后升。适当的电弧能量或激光能量可有效抑制焊缝内气孔数量,振动频率为35 Hz时抑制气孔效果最好。