CPWR640堆芯核设计

中国６００ＭＷ核电机组ＣＰＷＲ６４０先进反应堆的特点是采用先进燃料组件,低功率密度堆芯,长循环低泄漏燃料管理方式,由钆可燃毒物补偿堆芯后备反应性,本文介绍了ＣＰＷＲ６４０反应堆的核设计准则,堆芯特性与主要参数,并给出了堆芯核设计的主要计算机程序,计算结果及分析。     

波克什（PAKS）核电站安全I＆C系统将进行全面改造

匈牙利波克什（Ｐａｋｓ）核电站属前苏联设计的ＶＶＥＲ４００系列压水堆（ＰＷＲ），目前匈牙利４２％的电力供应由电站提供，对其安全仪表与控制（Ｉ＆Ｃ）系统改造是ＶＶＥＲ４００系列的第一次，也是世界上对运行状态良好的核电站进行的一次最大的改进。     

法BETHSY试验装置自然循环实验研究

１前言ＢＥＴＨＳＹ整体效应试验装置（图１）是一座用于ＰＷＲ核电站热工水力安全研究的大型试验装置,由ＣＥＡ、ＥＤＦ和Ｆｒａｍａｔｏｎｅ３家共同投资,建于法国Ｇｒｅｎｏｂｌｅ核研究中心的ＢＥＴＨＳＹ实验室。作者９０年代初曾在该室进修了一年,有幸参加了试验...     

中国百万千瓦级核电站严重事故下堆芯损伤评价

应用一体化严重事故分析程序MELCOR1.8.5进行模拟分析,研究了由西屋公司制定、经美国NRC（NuclearRegulatoryCommission）认证的“堆芯损伤评价导则（CDAG）”应用于中国百万千瓦级核电站在严重事故初期评价堆芯损伤状态和程度的有效性。初步分析结果表明,CDAG可较好地评价百万千瓦级核电站无缓解措施的冷却剂丧失事故（LOCA）堆芯损伤状况和损伤程度,对进一步研究和验证CDAG的综合评价能力和适用性、推进现有核电厂建立严重事故管理导则具有重要的参考价值。     

核电站技术支持中心严重事故管理导则研究

在核电站发生严重事故时，为了防止严重事故的进展和缓解严重事故的后果，正在研制核电站严重事故管理导则。其中技术支持中心严重事故管理导则是严重事故缓解对策的重要组成部分，包括严重事故导则和严重威胁导则。     

压水堆大破口失水事故引发的严重事故研究

采用机理性严重事故最佳估算程序SCDAP/RELAP5/MOD3.2，以美国西屋公司Surry核电站为参考对象，建立了1个典型的3环路压水堆核电站的严重事故分析模型，分别对主回路冷段和热段发生25cm大破口失水事故（LBLOCA）导致的堆芯熔化事故进行研究分析。结果表明，压水堆发生大破口失水事故时，堆芯熔化进程较快，大量堆芯材料熔化并坍塌至下腔室，反应堆压力容器下封头失效较早，且主回路冷段破口比热段破口更为严重。     

美国压水堆核电站二回路水化学优化

ＰＷＲ核电站二回路水化学控制近期变化的目标是减少蒸汽发生器腐蚀和性能降级，本文讨论了美国ＰＷＲ核电站已经研究和应用的水化学方案。其目的在于消除或减少蒸汽发生器损坏，降低腐蚀和二回路其它设备的运行和维护费用。     

CPR1000核电站严重事故重要缓解措施与严重事故序列

CPR1000核电站采用非能动氢气复合器、稳压器卸压功能延伸以及安全壳卸压过滤排放系统作为严重事故的预防和缓解措施,保证在严重事故条件下核电站安全壳的完整性不受损坏,保护环境周围的居民不受核辐射的危害。通过相关严重事故谱分析,选取冷却剂管道热段双段断裂+失去应急堆芯冷却系统、全厂断电、主蒸汽管道断裂+失去喷淋、失水未能紧急停堆的预计瞬态(ATWS)这4种严重事故作为CPR1000核电站的重要严重事故序列,包络了所有安全壳内氢气产生速度快浓度高、安全壳超压、冷却剂系统发生高压熔堆、反应堆不能停堆等最严重的事故。     

核级阴树脂在PWR主回路冷却剂中的氯离子释放行为研究

利用国产树脂制备出核级低氯树脂，并对不同残余氯的该树脂在模拟ＰＷＲ核电站一回路水质条件下的氯离子释放行为进行了研究。研究了树脂残余量含量，溶液硼浓度和锂浓度等对氯离子释放量的影响。     

核电厂严重事故下的传质传热的研究

核电厂严重事故下的传质传热的研究杨志林徐济均金金竹南（上海交通大学）关键词核电站堆芯压力壳熔化物１引言核电厂的严重事故在八十年代就引起人们的高度重视，特别是近几年来，随着对核电厂安全提出了更高及更新的要求。根据核电厂严重事故的发展和其物理过程的特征，...     

先进非能动压水堆防火喷淋对严重事故的缓解作用研究

依据先进非能动压水堆的严重事故管理导则(SAMG),消防系统中的防火喷淋系统,尽管属于非安全相关的系统,仍可以作为严重事故缓解策略,在以下三个方面起到严重事故缓解的作用:减少放射性气溶胶的质量;安全壳降温降压;安全壳注水。因此本文利用一体化严重事故分析程序,选取典型事故序列,评估防火喷淋系统在严重事故中的三种缓解作用的有效性为防火喷淋在严重事故管理导则中的应用提供技术支持。分析结果表明,防火喷淋系统能够实现堆腔淹没,在一定时间内进行安全壳降压,以及减少安全壳中放射性气溶胶的含量的作用,但由于系统限制,防火喷淋进行堆腔淹没的流量不能满足安全限值,并且只能推迟而不能够避免安全壳的失效。防火喷淋系统对严重事故的缓解作用虽然是有限的,但可为其他相关系统或设备的修复提供一定时间。     

地理信息系统在核电站事故场外后果预测评价系统中的应用

广东省核电站核事故场外后果预测评价系统（GNARD）以地理信息系统（GIS）ArcView为开发平台，系统实现了放射性核素浓度和剂量结果与地理信息的空间分析，本文结合GNARD的开发过程，着重介绍地理信息系统ArcView在核电站事故场外应急决策支持系统中的具体应用与实现方法。     

Comparison of hydrogen generation for TVSM and TVSA fuel assemblies for water water energy reactor (VVER)-1000

This paper presents the results received during investigation of hydrogen generation for both types fuel assemblies—the old modernistic type of fuel assemblies (TVSM) and recently installed new one alternative type of fuel assemblies (TVSA) in case of severe accident. There are some differences between both types FAs. They have different geometry as well as different burnable poisons. To investigate behavior of new fuel assemblies during the severe conditions it have been performed comparison of fuel behavior of old type TVSM fuel assembly to new one TVSA.To perform this investigation it has been used MELCOR “input model” for Kozloduy Nuclear Power Plant (KNPP) VVER 1000. The model was developed by Institute for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy-Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (INRNE-BAS) for investigation of severe accident scenarios and Probabilistic Safety Analyses (PSA) level 2. The model provides a significant analytical capability for the Bulgarian technical specialists, working in the field of the NPP safety, for analysis of core and containment damaged states and the estimation of radionuclides release outside fuel cladding.It was accepted criteria for vessel integrity about hydrogen concentration to be 8%. This criterion was based on the decision of RSK (Germany commission for reactor safety).Generally based on the received results it was made conclusion that using both types of fuel assemblies it was not disturbance safety conditions of NPP.     

核事故早期可防止剂量的计算

本文介绍了一种事故早期可防止剂量的计算方法，分析讨论了时间，空间，环境和不同防护行动之间相互作用等对防护行动实施效果有主要影响的因素；通过计算不采取任何防护行为时所受到的剂量与采取防护行动后的剂量之差得到可防止剂量，将其与国际原子能机构建议采用的通用干预水平进行比较，可得到应采取紧急防护行为的区域，同时也可以为进一步的防护决策最优化提供剂量数据。该方法已经应用在广东省核事故场外后果预测评价系统（GNARD2．0）和秦山地区环境核事故后果评价系统（QS－NUCAS1．0）之中。     

Analyses of historical rail accidents to identify accident parameters impacting transport of spent nuclear fuel

Abstract

As a regulatory authority for the transportation of spent nuclear fuel (SNF) in the USA, the Nuclear Regulatory Commission requires that SNF transportation packages be designed to endure a fully engulfing fire with an average temperature of 800°C (1475°F) for 30 min, as prescribed in Title 10 of the Code of Federal Regulations Part 71. The work described in this paper was performed to support the Nuclear Regulatory Commission in determining the types of accident parameters that could produce a severe fire with the potential to fully engulf an SNF transportation package. This paper describes the process that was used to characterise the important features of rail accidents that would potentially lead to an SNF transport package being involved in a severe fire. Historical rail accidents involving all hazardous material (i.e. all nine classes of hazardous material) and long duration fires in the USA have been analysed using data from the Federal Railroad Administration and the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration. Parameters that were evaluated from these data include, but were not limited to, class of track where the accident occurred, class of hazardous material that was being transported and number of railcars involved in the fire. The data analysis revealed that in the past 34 years of rail transport, roughly 1800 accidents have led to the release of hazardous materials, resulting in a frequency of roughly one accident per 10 million freight train miles (Because all of the data were obtained in the USA, which still uses distance measured in miles, and the primary source is an extensive database from the Federal Railroad Administration that is also in reported in miles, the data in this paper are reported in miles rather than kilometres. Conversion of miles to kilometres is by multiplication of 1·61.). In the last 12 years, there have only been 20 accidents involving multiple car hazardous material releases that led to a fire. This results in an accident rate of 0·003 accidents per million freight train miles that involved multiple car releases and a fire. Out of all the accidents analysed, only one involved a railcar carrying class 7 (i.e. radioactive) hazardous material.     

大亚湾核电站应急状态下的事故评价

应急状态下的事故评价包括事故状态评估和事故后果估算。本文重点介绍了大亚湾核电站(GNPS)事故状态评估方法及相应的计算机辅助系统 (SESAME GNP) ,同时简要描述了大亚湾核电站改进后的事故后果估算系统 (RACAS GNP)。事故评价技术的改进增强了大亚湾核电站的应急响应能力     

SAMEX: A severe accident management support expert

A decision support system for use in a severe accident management following an incident at a nuclear power plant is being developed which is aided by a severe accident risk database module and a severe accident management simulation module. The severe accident management support expert (SAMEX) system can provide the various types of diagnostic and predictive assistance based on the real-time plant specific safety parameters. It consists of four major modules as sub-systems: (a) severe accident risk data base module (SARDB), (b) risk-informed severe accident risk data base management module (RI-SARD), (c) severe accident management simulation module (SAMS), and (d) on-line severe accident management guidance module (on-line SAMG). The modules are integrated into a code package that executes within a WINDOWS XP operating environment, using extensive user friendly graphics control. In Korea, the integrated approach of the decision support system is being carried out under the nuclear R&D program planned by the Korean Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (MEST). An objective of the project is to develop the support system which can show a theoretical possibility. If the system is feasible, the project team will recommend the radiation protection technical support center of a national regulatory body to implement a plant specific system, which is applicable to a real accident, for the purpose of immediate and various diagnosis based on the given plant status information and of prediction of an expected accident progression under a severe accident situation.     

秦山核电厂ATWS及其处置研究

利用RELAP5/MOD2程序对秦山核电厂几种典型的ATWS进行了分析计算,对该厂主给水丧失ATWS后失去全部给水事故及其处置作了研究。结果可为秦山核电厂应急运行规程的研制提供技术依据。     

秦山一厂严重事故管理导则典型事故缓解对策有效性验证

在日本福岛核事故后,国家核安全局要求核电运营单位提升应对严重事故的能力。按照国家核安全局要求,秦山一厂开发了严重事故管理导则。应用MELCOR程序建立了秦山一厂严重事故分析模型,模拟典型严重事故序列,根据严重事故管理导则的缓解对策,分析实施事故缓解对策对核电厂主要参数的影响,从而验证事故缓解对策的有效性。分析结果表明:在严重事故情况下,按照严重事故管理导则实施缓解对策,可有效地延缓或终止堆芯损坏的过程。