单向C/SiC陶瓷基复合材料基体失效机制与强度预测

采用细观力学方法对单向C/SiC陶瓷基复合材料的基体失效机制进行了研究。利用剪滞理论模型和临界基体应变能(CMSE)准则预测了C/SiC陶瓷基复合材料受拉时基体开裂失效过程,获得了单向C/SiC陶瓷基复合材料基体开裂段的应力-应变曲线。并将扩展有限元法(XFEM)用于该开裂过程的模拟,得到了对应的应力-应变曲线。研究结果表明,采用剪滞理论模型、CMSE和采用XFEM得到的计算结果与相关的实验结果三者能较好地吻合,证明了计算方法的有效性。     

氧化物陶瓷基复合材料中晶须／基体界面的特性及作用

本文研究了ＳｉＣ晶须增韧氧化物陶瓷基复合材料中的晶须／基体界面结构性质及其在补强增韧作用中的作用机制。ＴＥＭ观察结果表明：复合材料中的ＳｉＣｗ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３、ＳｉＣ２／ＺｒＯ２（２Ｙ）和ＳｉＣｗ／ＺｒＯ２（６Ｙ）界面结合致密，在分析电镜下未发现明显的界面过滤层或界面相，由于膨胀失配而受拉应力作用的界面基体一侧往往成为微裂纹形核的有利部位，ＺｒＯ２中ｔ－ｍ相变的体积膨胀效应可以抵消这种热应力，调整基体     

界面脱粘对正交铺设SiC/CAS复合材料基体开裂的影响

采用细观力学方法研究了正交铺设SiC/CAS复合材料在单轴拉伸载荷作用下界面脱粘对基体开裂的影响。采用断裂力学界面脱粘准则确定了0°铺层纤维/基体界面脱粘长度, 结合能量平衡法得到了主裂纹且纤维/基体界面发生脱粘(即模式3)和次裂纹且纤维/基体界面发生脱粘(即模式5)的临界开裂应力, 讨论了纤维/基体界面剪应力、 界面脱粘能对基体开裂应力的影响。结果表明, 模式3和模式5的基体开裂应力随纤维/基体界面剪应力、 界面脱粘能的增加而增加。将这一结果与Chiang考虑界面脱粘对单向纤维增强陶瓷基复合材料初始基体开裂影响的试验研究结果进行对比表明, 该变化趋势与单向SiC增强玻璃陶瓷基复合材料的试验研究结果一致。     

简谐激励下复合材料加筋板的基体微裂纹损伤演化

研究了在简谐激励作用下复合材料加筋板基体微裂纹损伤的演化行为及其对加筋板动力特性的影响。基于平均微裂纹密度和断裂力学方法, 建立了复合材料加筋板基体微裂纹演化的刚度退化准则。由于该准则考虑了载荷作用周期数的影响, 从而能够更合理地分析周期性动载荷作用下基体微裂纹损伤演化规律。采用Mindlin一阶剪切理论和复合材料模态阻尼模型, 建立了复合材料加筋板动力分析的有限元方法, 研究了在简谐激励作用下, 含分层损伤复合材料加筋板振动过程中诱发的基体微裂纹损伤的演化、 刚度退化, 频率折减和动力响应。      

正交铺设陶瓷基复合材料单轴拉伸行为

采用细观力学方法对正交铺设陶瓷基复合材料单轴拉伸应力-应变行为进行了研究。采用剪滞模型分析了复合材料出现损伤时的细观应力场。采用断裂力学方法、 临界基体应变能准则、 应变能释放率准则及Curtin统计模型4种单一失效模型确定了90°铺层横向裂纹间距、 0°铺层基体裂纹间距、 纤维/基体界面脱粘长度和纤维失效体积分数。将剪滞模型与4种单一损伤模型结合, 对各损伤阶段应力-应变曲线进行了模拟, 建立了复合材料强韧性预测模型。与室温下正交铺设陶瓷基复合材料单轴拉伸应力-应变曲线进行了对比, 各个损伤阶段的应力-应变、 失效强度及应变与试验数据吻合较好。分析了90°铺层横向断裂能、 0°铺层纤维/基体界面剪应力、 界面脱粘能、 纤维Weibull模量对复合材料损伤及拉伸应力-应变曲线的影响。      

复合材料层合板基体裂纹的协同损伤演化模型

首先,为研究复合材料层合板在准静态载荷下的基体裂纹演化特征,提出了一个基于能量的协同损伤演化模型。然后,通过模型对损伤进行了多尺度分析:从微观角度,采用三维有限元方法求得裂纹表面位移;从宏观角度,结合裂纹表面位移,推导了萌生基体裂纹的能量释放率。最后,根据裂纹萌生准则对基体裂纹的演化过程进行预测。模型考虑了演化过程中损伤的相互影响、残余应力、基体材料非线性、材料初始损伤分布及损伤演化的不均匀性。根据演化分析流程计算了[±θ/904]s铺层玻璃纤维复合材料的基体裂纹演化过程。结果表明:这一模型能够准确地预测准静态载荷下复合材料层合板基体裂纹的损伤演化规律。     

SiC基惰性基体复合材料相容性研究

为了利用同收的钚,开展了以SiC为基体的惰性基体燃料的复合材料的制备和材料制备过程中陶瓷组分间相容性研究.以氧化铈代替PuO2制备了固溶的氧化锆燃料小球,并采用电火花烧结制备了固溶ZrO2弥散在SiC基体中的复合材料,对材料结构和复合材料的界面进行了初步研究.结果显示,采用电火花快速烧结制备的复合材料界面没有明显的反应.这对于进一步优化材料的制备工艺,获得性能良好的惰性基体燃料研究奠定了基础.     

复合材料随机渐进失效分析与声发射监测

结合随机渐进失效分析方法和声发射监测对复合材料单向拉伸试件进行损伤分析。结果表明: 随机渐进失效方法能很好地反映复合材料失效的随机性和渐进性特征。受载初期, 复合材料失效的随机性特征明显, 在整个试件内均有失效产生。随着载荷的增加, 损伤不断累积, "随机临界核"形成, 复合材料很快失效, 且一旦有失效产生, 纤维断裂数的增加与声发射事件数的累积具有很好的一致性。比较基体开裂和界面脱粘对复合材料拉伸性能的影响: 界面脱粘比基体开裂更容易导致复合材料拉伸性能的下降, 当不存在基体开裂和界面脱粘时, 纤维断裂呈现"集簇"特征, 复合材料断裂的脆性特征较为明显。      

纤维增强复合材料界面脱层和基体裂纹的模拟分析

基于Ghosh提出的Voronoi单元有限元方法,构造能同时反映纤维增强复合材料界面脱层和基体裂纹扩展的单元(X-VCFEM单元);应用界面力学理论和断裂力学理论,建立界面脱层、界面裂纹扩展方向和基体裂纹扩展的判断准则;结合网格重划分技术,模拟分析了只含有一个夹杂时界面脱层和基体裂纹扩展的过程,并通过与传统有限元计算结果的比较,验证X-VCFEM单元的可靠性和有效性;同时,模拟分析含任意随机分布夹杂的纤维增强复合材料界面脱层和基体裂纹的产生和扩展过程。结果表明：应用该方法模拟复杂多相复合材料裂纹问题具有计算速度快和精度高的优越性。     

金属基体激光熔覆陶瓷基复合涂层的裂纹成因及控制方法

参考了较多国内外有关文献,较为系统地分析了金属基体激光熔覆陶瓷基复合涂层裂纹的形成机理,总结出降低裂纹倾向的方法:选择合适的激光熔覆参数;激光熔覆时对金属基体进行预热或后热处理;采用添加中间过渡层或梯度涂层的方法;在金属基体激光熔覆陶瓷基复合材料中添加增韧、增塑元素。这些方法为控制金属基体激光熔覆陶瓷基复合涂层的裂纹形成提供了有益参考。     

应用Monte Carlo算法研究大分子蠕动阻力的影响因素

采用一种基于高分子Monte Carlo模拟算法分析分子蠕动阻力的软件,借助于二维空间中的8配位点键长涨落的格子链模型,对不同温度、分子量、共混小分子时的大分子蠕动行为进行了模拟分析,考察了温度、分子长、共混小分子等因素对蠕动阻力的影响,得到了随着温度增加、分子长减小和共混浓度增加,大分子蠕动阻力减小的结果,这与传统经验理论相符合。这些结果为选择大分子量添加剂黄原胶作为抗结块剂,以及选择β-环糊抑制玻璃化转变等提供了理论依据。     

Prediction for progression of transverse cracking in CFRP cross-ply laminates using Monte Carlo method

This study predicted transverse cracking progression in laminates including 90° plies. The refined stress field (RSF) model, which takes into account thermal residual strain for plies including transverse cracks is formulated, and the energy release rate associated with transverse cracking is calculated using this model. For comparison, the energy release rate based on the continuum damage mechanics (CDM) model is formulated. Next, transverse cracking progression in CFRP cross-ply laminates including 90° plies is predicted based on both stress and energy criteria using the Monte Carlo method. The results indicated that the RSF model and the CDM model proposed in this study can predict the experiment results for the relationship between transverse crack density and ply strain in 90° ply. The models presented in this paper can be applied to an arbitrary laminate including 90° plies.     

Solution of the First-Passage Problem by Advanced Monte Carlo Simulation Technique

A selective Monte Carlo simulation procedure for the evaluation of the reliability of nonlinear structures subjected to dynamic loading is presented. The proposed Russian Roulette and Splitting procedure allows generation of important low-probability samples in nonlinear dynamics. This procedure is quite efficient in comparison to the straightforward Monte Carlo simulation method and allows evaluation of the nonlinear stochastic response in a very low probability domain.     

Monte Carlo模拟薄膜生长的研究

阐述了Monte Carlo方法在薄膜生长中的应用和最新进展;简要论述了Monte Carlo算法的类型及各自的特点;结合MonteCarlo方法的特点,提出了模拟薄膜生长的模型以及处理方法.同时,归纳出MonteCarlo模拟薄膜生长需要解决的主要问题.     

基于弹塑性剪滞理论的单丝复合材料段裂过程的蒙特卡罗模拟

单丝复合材料段裂试验(SFCFT)中,随着外载荷的增加,纤维出现了随机脆断的现象,并在一定的载荷下纤维的段裂数达到"饱和"状态(即纤维段裂数目不再增加),该试验常用于表征纤维与基体间界面性能。针对该试验,本文中充分考虑了组分材料的真实性能(即基体材料的弹塑性性能),利用弹塑性剪滞理论进行纤维与基体间的应力传递分析,初步获得较真实的纤维轴向应力及界面剪应力分布形式;在此基础上,考虑纤维强度分布的非均匀性,利用蒙特卡罗(Monte Carlo)方法对试验中纤维的随机段裂过程进行了模拟预报,获得载荷与纤维的段裂数的关系。模拟预报与试验结果比较吻合,表明该应力分析及模拟方法的有效性。     

Finite element model updating using Hamiltonian Monte Carlo techniques

Bayesian techniques have been widely used in finite element model (FEM) updating. The attraction of these techniques is their ability to quantify and characterize the uncertainties associated with dynamic systems. In order to update an FEM, the Bayesian formulation requires the evaluation of the posterior distribution function. For large systems, this function is difficult to solve analytically. In such cases, the use of sampling techniques often provides a good approximation of this posterior distribution function. The hybrid Monte Carlo (HMC) method is a classic sampling method used to approximate high-dimensional complex problems. However, the acceptance rate of HMC is sensitive to the system size, as well as to the time step used to evaluate the molecular dynamics trajectory. The shadow HMC technique (SHMC), which is a modified version of the HMC method, was developed to improve sampling for large system sizes by drawing from a modified shadow Hamiltonian function. However, the SHMC algorithm performance is limited by the use of a non-separable modified Hamiltonian function. Moreover, two additional parameters are required for the sampling procedure, which could be computationally expensive. To overcome these weaknesses, the separable shadow HMC (S2HMC) method has been introduced. This method uses a transformation to a different parameter space to generate samples. In this paper, we analyse the application and performance of these algorithms, including the parameters used in each algorithm, their limitations and the effects on model updating. The accuracy and the efficiency of the algorithms are demonstrated by updating the finite element models of two real mechanical structures. It is observed that the S2HMC algorithm has a number of advantages over the other algorithms; for example, the S2HMC algorithm is able to efficiently sample at larger time steps while using fewer parameters than the other algorithms.     

薄膜生长过程中孔洞填充的蒙特卡罗模拟

在一般的材料生长过程中,由于某些实验参数控制不当,比如生长过程中过高的沉积速率会导致局部的材料中出现孔洞,这种孔洞严重影响了薄膜材料的性能.本文以铜薄膜为例,利用动力学晶格蒙特卡罗方法,模拟了不同参数条件下对孔洞缺陷的影响.所研究的实验参数有:入射截止角、衬底温度和沉积速率.模拟结果表明:孔洞缺陷填充质量的好坏与实验参数有很大的关系.适当的参数有利于孔洞缺陷的完全填充,并且能避免孔洞内再次形成空洞.因此,可以通过优化工作参数来改善薄膜材料的质量,从而提高薄膜材料的性能.     

晶粒生长的蒙特卡罗模拟研究进展

概述了经典的晶粒生长蒙特卡罗(MC)模型并指出了其存在的缺陷,总结了近几年国内外研究者对经典MC模型的改进算法,综述了MC方法模拟晶粒生长的应用研究,指出了目前研究中存在的问题,并展望了今后的主要研究方向.     

Cu薄膜三维生长的Monte Carlo模拟

利用蒙特卡罗(Monte Carlo)方法模拟了Cu薄膜在四方基底上的三维生长过程。模型中考虑了三个主要的原子热运动过程:原子沉积、原子扩散、原子脱附,各过程发生的概率是由各运动的速率来决定的。讨论了基底温度、沉积速率及原子覆盖度对Cu薄膜的表面形貌及表面粗糙度的影响。模拟结果表明:随基底温度升高或沉积速率下降,岛的平均尺寸增大,数目减少,薄膜以层状生长方式生长;Cu薄膜表面粗糙度随温度的升高而减小,当基底温度处于某一临界温度之内时,表面粗糙度随沉积速率的变化很大,但当基底温度超过临界温度时,表面粗糙度随沉积速率的变化很小;薄膜的粗糙度与薄膜亚单层的形核密切相关。     

Multi-lattice Monte Carlo model of thin films

In previous publications, an atomistic simulator based on a single-lattice or a dual-lattice Monte Carlo method has been proposed and applied to the studies of microstructure evolution in thin films. In this paper, a multi-lattice Monte Carlo model, an extension to our atomistic simulator of deposition in three dimensions (ADEPT), is presented and applied to the studies of texture competition in thin films. Multiple lattices are mapped onto a single reference lattice, with resulting computational demands (memory and speed) being comparable to those in the single-lattice Monte Carlo model. It is therefore possible to simulate growth competition among crystallites of different orientations, and to study texture formation and explore optimal deposition conditions. As an application, the predominant texture is investigated as a function of collimation and deposition rate. Grains with low energy surfaces parallel to the substrate are found to dominate under the condition of low deposition rate and collimated beam. On the other hand, grains with high surface energy are found to dominate for high deposition rate and uncollimated sputtered beam, and their dominance disappears at extremely high deposition rates. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.