吲唑的简便合成

以邻硝基甲苯为原料,在乙醇钠催化下与草酸二乙酯缩合,然后经水解、双氧水氧化、盐酸酸化得到邻硝基苯乙酸,收率62%。邻硝基苯乙酸用8%硫化铵溶液在回流温度下还原2 h后再进行重氮化反应,将得到的重氮盐溶液于室温放置24 h得到吲唑,收率71%。两步总收率44%。     

邻硝基苯乙酸及其酯的合成研究

邻硝基甲苯与草酸二乙酯经缩合、氧化连续反应，合成邻硝基苯乙酸，此方法使操作简化，并提高了收率。用原乙酸三乙酯在对甲苯磺酸的催化下，对邻硝基苯乙酸进行酯化，得到高收率的邻硝基苯乙酸乙酯。     

氧化吲哚的绿色合成工艺研究

以邻硝基甲苯为原料在乙醇钠催化下与草酸二乙酯缩合、水解、双氧水氧化、盐酸酸化得到邻硝基苯乙酸收率为62%。在水溶液中,以FeO(OH)为催化剂,水合肼还原邻硝基苯乙酸得到氧化吲哚。考察了还原过程中影响反应的因素。结果表明,水合肼∶邻硝基苯乙酸=3∶1(摩尔比),催化剂FeO(OH)的用量为0.2 g/mmol邻硝基苯乙酸,溶剂水的用量为5 mL/mmol邻硝基苯乙酸,回流反应1.0 h,氧化吲哚的收率为95%。两步总收率达59%。     

苯并呋喃-2(3H)-酮的合成

在乙醇钠催化下邻硝基甲苯与草酸二乙酯缩合后,经水解、双氧水氧化、盐酸酸化得到邻硝基苯乙酸,收率为62%。邻硝基苯乙酸再经硫化铵还原、重氮化反应、水解得到苯并呋喃-2(3H)-酮。考察了重氮化反应时间和水解温度对反应的影响,适宜的重氮化反应时间为30 m in,适宜的水解温度135℃,在此条件下苯并呋喃-2(3H)-酮的收率为51%。两步总收率为32%。     

超声辐射下2-苯基吲哚的合成

以邻硝基甲苯为原料合成了2-苯基吲哚。在乙醇钠催化下邻硝基甲苯与草酸二乙酯缩合，经水解、双氧水氧化、盐酸酸化得到邻硝基苯乙酸，收率为62％。邻硝基苯乙酸与PCl3在苯中回流2h，得邻硝基苯乙酰氯；在超声辐射下AlCl3催化邻硝基苯乙酰氯与苯反应10min得到2-（2-硝基苯基）-1-苯基乙酮，收率76％。在乙醇中，超声辐射下Pd／C催化次磷酸钠还原2-（2-硝基苯基）-1-苯基乙酮10min得到2-苯基吲哚。收率95％。总收率45％。     

邻硝基苯乙酸及其酯的合成研究

邻硝基甲苯与草酸二乙酯经缩合、氧化连续反应，合成邻硝基苯乙烯，此方法使操作简化，并提高了收率。用原乙酸三乙酯在对甲苯磺酸的催化下，对邻硝基苯乙烯进行酯化，得以高收率的邻硝基苯乙酸乙酯。     

邻硝基苯氧乙酸的合成工艺改进

以邻硝基苯酚和氯乙酸甲酯为原料,在碳酸钾催化下反应生成邻硝基苯氧乙酸甲酯,经碱水解、盐酸酸化得目标产物。通过实验考察了缩合反应温度,碱用量对产率的影响,得出最佳反应条件:温度为72℃,碱用量为邻硝基苯氧乙酸甲酯的1.5倍,在此条件下总产率达到78.9%。新方法原料易得、耗时短、收率高、后处理简单,工业化生产前景广阔。     

中试规模合成邻硝基苯乙醇

该文研究了重要中间体邻硝基苯乙醇的合成工艺。结果表明,对于邻硝基甲苯的羟甲基化反应,效果最好的催化剂为氢氧化钠水溶液,且质量分数为20%的氢氧化钠水溶液的催化效果最佳,强碱型阴离子交换树脂因溶于二甲亚砜不适用于该反应。在质量分数20%的氢氧化钠水溶液催化下,羟甲基化反应最佳反应温度为50℃,甲醛与邻硝基甲苯的最佳摩尔比为0.4~0.5。在该条件下,按已转化的邻硝基甲苯计,邻硝基苯乙醇质量收率为110%,摩尔收率为90.7%。产品邻硝基苯乙醇的结构经红外、核磁等表征确证。该实验结果已经经过一次性投邻硝基甲苯120 kg的生产型中试验证,邻硝基苯乙醇质量收率为105.2%,摩尔收率为86.7%。     

二取代氧化吲哚的合成

氧化吲哚是药物分子和天然产物中较为常见的杂环化合物,具有很高的应用价值。应用不同的衍生方法能合成不同结构的衍生物,提供高活性药物发明物质基础。二取代氧化吲哚合成工艺在还原过程中存在一定的反应因素,经试验研究结果表明,水合肼与邻硝基苯乙酸的摩尔比为3:1,采用0.2g/mmol的邻硝基苯乙酸作为催化剂FeO(OH),采用5mL/mmol的邻硝基苯乙酸作为溶剂水,经过1h的回流反应,可达到96.1%的氧化吲哚收率,两步的总收率为60.2%。     

三相相转移催化合成邻硝基苯甲醚的工艺条件

以聚苯乙烯-二乙烯苯阴离子树脂固载聚乙二醇400作为三相相转移催化剂(PS-C5)催化邻氯硝基苯(ONCB)甲氧基化合成邻硝基苯甲醚(ONA)。考察了甲醇、氢氧化钠及催化剂用量、反应温度等工艺条件对反应的影响。实验结果表明,在邻氯硝基苯为0.1 mol,甲醇为0.6 mol,30 g质量分数40%的NaOH,4 g催化剂PS-C5,反应温度70℃,反应时间10 h的适宜条件下,邻氯硝基苯转化率大于99.5%,邻硝基苯甲醚收率达到93.4%。催化剂回收简单并可以重复使用六次以上,催化性能无明显下降。     

我国脂肪酸的生产和应用

简要介绍脂肪酸的分类、原料来源、生产工艺、品种以及用途。并对我国脂肪酸的生产现状进行了分析。重点介绍了脂肪酸在我国橡胶工业中、塑料助剂等领域的应用,脂肪酸甲酯作为表面活性剂在不同领域的广泛应用,最后还简述了癸二酸和改性醇酸树脂应用。     

酸液体系的研究现状分析和现场应用

酸化解堵与压裂改造相比,它具有施工相对简单和成本相对较低等特点,所以酸化解堵是一项各油田广泛使用的油气田增产技术。酸化解堵技术已有将近100历史,现已研制出具有不同特点的酸液体系,如乳化酸、泡沫酸、固体酸、多氢酸等,基本能满足复杂地质条件对酸液的要求。     

油酸的精制研究

油酸酰胺是一种很好的塑料添加剂 ,可用作塑料加工成型时的脱膜剂、润滑剂。油酸的原料来源很广 ,牛油、羊油、猪油等动物油油脂以及大豆油、花生油、棕榈油等植物油脂中都含有大量的油酸。由于油酸的来源和生产方法多种多样 ,因此其所含的脂肪酸种类及含量都不尽相同。除油酸外 ,还有亚油酸、亚麻酸等高不饱和脂肪酸。针对油酸中因含有大量的多不饱和组分如亚油酸、亚麻酸而容易产生氧化泛黄的问题 ,采取了尿素络合法对原料油酸进行精制 ,以减少原料中亚油酸、亚麻酸组分的含量。经气相色谱验证 ,产品达到了应用指标 ,提高了产品的抗氧性。     

磷钼杂多酸的合成研究

介绍了磷钼杂多酸的合成。通过正交试验探讨了反应物料量比、三氧化钼浓度、反应温度和反应时间对产物产率的影响。结果表明,最适宜的反应条件为:反应物量比n(三氧化钼)∶n(磷酸)=12∶1.0、反应温度t=70℃、反应时间7 h、三氧化钼与水的质量比1∶8。经红外光谱分析及熔点测定确定所得产品为磷钼杂多酸化合物。并以磷钼杂多酸取代硫酸作催化剂制备乙酸乙醋来研究其催化活性,并与硫酸做催化剂进行对比实验收率为70.75%,超过硫酸催化剂水平。     

The Growth‐Inhibiting Effects of Beef Fatty Acids on MCF‐7 Cells Are Influenced Mostly by the Depot Location and Inconsistently by the Biohydrogenation Intermediate Content

Biohydrogenation intermediates (BHI) including conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers are formed during ruminal biohydrogenation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in ruminants. Although many studies have examined the anticarcinogenic effects of CLA, few studies have reported the anticarcinogenic properties of BHI in their natural form found in dairy and beef fats. The present study compared the growth‐inhibitory effects of fatty acids from beef perirenal fat (PRF) or subcutaneous fat (SCF) with low or high levels of BHI in MCF‐7 human breast cancer cells. Cells were exposed for 72 h to media containing increasing doses (50 to 400 μM) of different beef fat treatments. Fatty‐acid analysis showed that BHI were readily incorporated into cell phospholipids (PL) in a treatment‐dependent manner, but higher BHI in PL did not consistently inhibit growth. Culturing with low‐BHI PRF or high‐BHI PRF did not lead to growth inhibition, but low‐BHI SCF inhibited growth, and inhibition was further increased by high‐BHI SCF. Other classes of fatty acids may, therefore, be interacting with BHI resulting in differential effects on growth inhibition in human breast cancer cells.     

Fatty Acid Profiles in Sunflower Grains During Storage in Different Environments

This study aimed to evaluate the fatty acid profiles of sunflower oil extracted from hybrid grains produced and stored in different environments. The trials were conducted in Teresina (Piauí), Vilhena (Rondônia), and Jaguariúna (São Paulo) in randomized complete block design with 4 replicates. After harvesting, grains from 1 high oleic and 3 traditional hybrids were packed in kraft paper bags and stored in a covered shed and in a cold chamber up to 12 months. The fatty acid profiles were determined by gas chromatography after 0, 4, 8, and 12 months of storage. Analyses of variance were conducted in a split‐plot design, with hybrids being considered as whole plots and storage times as subplots. Tukey's test was performed to compare hybrids and regression analyses for storage times. The initial fatty acid profile of the grains of the same hybrid varied depending on the production location. The grain storage of high oleic and traditional sunflower hybrids during 12 months in covered shed and in cold chamber resulted in little changes in oil fatty acid profiles, regardless of the initial contents. These changes occurred only for linoleic and palmitic acids.     

Fatty Acid Profiles of Oil Obtained from Mid-Oleic Sunflowers Grown in Tropical Region

This study aimed to verify whether the fatty acid profiles of mid-oleic genotypes grown in the tropical region of Brazil fit the Codex Alimentarius and to examine the possibility of using traditional inbred lines to produce high-oleic hybrids. For this purpose, we assessed the fatty acid profile of six mid-oleic hybrids grown in environments with different minimum temperatures during oil formation in the achenes. The tests were conducted between 2015 and 2017 in an experimentally randomized complete block design with four replications. The oleic, linoleic, palmitic, and stearic acid contents were determined using gas chromatography. The mid-oleic hybrids presented varying levels of fatty acids, with oleic acid ranging between 43.6% and 84.6%, linoleic acid between 8.5% and 45.6%, palmitic acid between 3.9% and 5.7%, and stearic acid between 2.2% and 6.2%. Some of the fatty acid values were outside the ranges established by the CODEX STAN 210-1999 and were characteristic of high-oleic type sunflowers. This finding shows that we can take advantage of the potential of combining traditional inbred lines to produce high-oleic hybrids for faster and more economical breeding programs in these environments.     

Quality of Sunflower Oil Obtained in the Main Producing Region of Brazil: Adherence to the Codex Alimentarius

The objective of this work was to evaluate the quality of the oil extracted from sunflower achenes grown in Campo Novo de Parecis, the main producing region of Brazil, to optimize its use by the processing and food industries. In addition, the fatty acid profiles of the oil were checked for their adherence to the CODEX STAN 210–1999. Traditional and high-oleic genotypes were grown between 2014 and 2017 during trials with a randomized complete block experimental design with four replications. The contents of oleic, linoleic, palmitic, and stearic acids were determined using gas chromatography. The fatty acid profiles of traditional genotypes were observed to be outside the ranges established by the CODEX, with an oleic acid content above 39.4% and linoleic, palmitic, and stearic acid values lower than 48.3%, 2.7%, and 5.0%, respectively, as well as high-oleic sunflower oil with a stearic acid content of less than 2.6%. The availability of this information can, on the one hand, positively impact industries and encourage the use of better quality raw materials that are more technologically and nutritionally adequate. On the other hand, the commercialization of sunflower oil with a fatty acid profile outside the ranges established by CODEX can be difficult, because the contents are out of specification due to the climatic conditions in the cropping region.     

质子酸催化合成α-氯代十二酸工艺研究

采用廉价的浓硫酸为催化剂,氧气为自由基捕集剂,以十二酸为原料,经氯化合成α-氯代十二酸。系统考察了反应温度、催化剂用量、氯气流量、氧氯比、反应时间等因素的影响,得到最佳工艺条件:十二酸20 g,在反应温度135℃、催化剂10%、氯气流量50 mL·min-1、vO2/vCl2=1∶2、反应时间3 h,可实现十二酸基本完全转化,目标产物α-氯代十二酸选择性达到94.5%。     

热盐酸缓蚀抑雾剂

在实验室合成的一种咪唑啉类化合物与其它物质复配得到了一种适合于碳钢在高温盐酸中酸洗浸蚀的复合缓蚀抑雾剂。采用失重法和中和滴定法对其性能进行评定 ,实验结果表明 :该缓蚀抑雾剂在 2 0 %盐酸中 ,酸洗温度在常温至 85℃范围内缓蚀率达 90 %左右 ,抑雾率达 85%左右 ,并具有较好的综合性能