黄磷集装箱罐检验技术的研究

通过对10英寸黄磷集装箱罐进行有限元应力分析计算,找出了常温环境下装满货物的该罐承受惯性力时的最大应力发生部位;对腐蚀模拟试样进行失重研究,分析腐蚀对黄磷集装箱罐的影响,找出了其易腐蚀部位;对黄磷集装箱罐失效形式的统计,找出了其易失效模式;为黄磷集装箱罐的检验提供了技术依据,从而确保黄磷集装箱罐的安全使用。     

石蜡形变与温度的关系

通过集装箱模拟实验和软曲度实验考察了石蜡在夏季高温环境中形变与温度的关系。当夏季地面温度达到50~60℃时,集装箱底部石蜡会熔化,造成纸箱污染。当集装箱内温度达到35℃时,集装箱底部石蜡在受到上层石蜡的重压时,某些易变软的石蜡会发生形变。软曲度实验可以判断出石蜡在35℃时的软硬情况以及发生形变的趋势,可以对生产,仓储和运输提供有效的指导。     

LNG罐箱码头装卸事故后果分析及安全对策

LNG罐式集装箱水路运输已经成为一种新的LNG运输模式。码头装卸作为LNG罐式集装箱水运过程中的一个重要环节,一旦发生装卸事故,可能造成严重的经济财产损失。本文在对LNG罐式集装箱码头装卸进行风险分析的基础上,对事故后果影响范围进行理论计算,并提出安全对策,对于LNG罐式集装箱的码头安全管理具有实际意义。     

危化品集装箱燃爆溢流火在相邻空间内的火行为特征研究

建立了危险化学品集装箱燃爆事故模型,针对事故形成的溢流火在相邻集装箱外立面受限空间内传播规律及温度场分布进行模拟研究。根据实地调研数据,分别设置了三种不同开口大小的危化品集装箱,同时研究了相邻间距为0.4、0.8、1.27 m等10余种不同工况的溢流火演化规律及温度场分布。研究提出了不同间距条件下发生火溢流行为的空气卷吸模型,并对溢流火焰高度进行了修正。研究结果表明,与燃爆集装箱开口相对的集装箱体对附近空气的卷吸效应具有限制作用,从而将影响开口溢流火行为的演化与发展。当相邻集装箱体间距小于一定值时,空气主要来自侧面卷吸,外部溢流火焰高度与温度均出现显著增加,此时对相邻叠加堆放的集装箱体损坏较大;随着相邻间距的增大,来自正面与侧面共同作用下的空气卷吸量增加,受限空间内的温度逐渐升高,溢流火焰高度逐渐降低,此时的破坏作用主要体现在对相邻集装箱体的热毁损破坏行为。     

集装箱涂料的研制

1 我国的集装箱制造业与集装箱涂料 我国的集装箱工业,在近些年得到迅速发展。除国内自己使用以外每年还有大量的箱子出口。集装箱制造业首先由中国船舶工业总公司在上海与广州建立了上海船厂集装箱分厂与广州船厂集装箱分厂,之后又建立了蛇口集装箱厂、大旺集装箱厂、山海关集装箱厂、武进集装箱厂,天津、大连、沈阳、辽阳等地也建立了集装箱厂。上海建立了中外合资的远东集装箱厂、华都集装箱厂、太平集装箱厂等,集装箱工业蓬勃发展。据统计,1987年上海、广州与蛇口等4个主要的箱厂生产了2.2万只标准箱;1989年生产了3万只、加上其他箱厂的产量,估计在4万只左右;而到了1993年集装箱的产量猛增到了20多万只。     

深圳盐田港一巨型货轮单氰胺泄漏

2012年8月3日15时32分许，一艘8万t级的新加坡籍巨型货船在停靠盐田港码头4号泊位时，其装有单氰胺的集装箱发生泄漏，有毒气体与空气发生反应后，导致集装箱急速膨胀，面临随时爆炸的危险。     

集装箱涂装技术——第一部分

本文分2期刊出。第一部分从集装箱内侧涂漆、外侧色泽和焊缝应力腐蚀防护3个方面讨论了集装箱涂装工艺要求,介绍了集装箱制造工艺流程和集装箱结构特点。指出集装箱涂装要与集装箱制造流水线相适应,集装箱涂装技术必须以集装箱结构特点为基础。对集装箱涂装中的表面处理、车间底漆、无气喷涂、涂装质量检验和涂装工艺控制中的钢板预处理、焊缝喷砂等工艺进行了详细讨论。     

集装箱涂料30年

介绍了集装箱及集装箱涂料的发展历程,通过列举集装箱制造业的发展与集装箱涂料发展的相互作用,重点阐述了集装箱涂料在产品类型、施工工艺、检测方法等方面的演变,以及集装箱涂料的未来发展趋势.     

集装箱涂装线VOC治理研究

综述了集装箱生产污染物排放概况,归纳了集装箱涂装线现行VOC治理技术及水性涂料的技术难点,分析了集装箱水性涂料与溶剂型涂料的施工工艺差别。指出集装箱水性涂料的VOC含量相比溶剂型下降了80%,使用水性涂料已成为集装箱制造业的必然趋势。     

玻璃钢复合板在集装箱中的应用

本文根据玻璃钢复合板和玻璃钢集装箱的强度试验结果,分析了玻璃钢复合板应用于集装箱的可行性。介绍了国外对钢集装箱、铝合金集装箱和玻璃钢集装箱所作的经济分析,说明玻璃钢集装箱具有较好的经济效果。     

微波的研究与测量

本文利用微波分光仪验证了微波的反射定律,并测量了微波的波长,研究发现当入射角较小时,反射角与入射角基本相等,满足微波反射定律。而当入射角增大时,反射角和入射角出现差距,入射角越大,差距也越大。最后测得微波的波长为31.68mm。     

Photocatalytic activity of AgBr/TiO2 in water under simulated sunlight irradiation

In this paper, the synthesis of AgBr/TiO₂ catalyst and the photocatalytic activity in water under simulated sunlight irradiation were studied. The influence of AgBr content in catalyst and the incident light intensity on the degradation of methyl orange (MO) was investigated. It was found that the initial reaction rate constant was dependent on the relative levels of AgBr content and incident light intensity, ranging between 0.008 min⁻¹ and 0.023 min⁻¹. At higher levels of AgBr content (>9 wt%), MO degradation was exclusively dependent on the incident light intensity, which implied that the excessive AgBr in catalyst had negligible effect on catalyst activity. However, at lower AgBr contents, the reaction rate increased with the increase of incident light intensity, and eventually reached a plateau level, indicating that the degradation of MO was limited by AgBr content. The results from powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed that more than 80% of AgBr remained intact after 14 h of irradiation, although metallic silver was also detected.     

Magnetic foams from polyurethane and magnetite applied as attenuators of electromagnetic radiation in X band

In this work, electromagnetic radiation absorbent materials (ERAM) were prepared from expanded polyurethane and nano-Fe3O4. The effect of porosity and charge content on the attenuation of incident radiation was investigated using helium gas pycnometry and the waveguide technique in the frequency range of 8 to 12 GHz (X-band). ERAM were also characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and vibration sample magnetometer (VSM). Pure polyurethane absorbed 93.6% of the incident radiation at 11.8GHz. This result was attributed to its porous structure and low porosity. Although the content of open cells increases in ERAM with the increase in nanomagnetic content, materials containing 1% and 5% w/w absorbed more than 99% of the incident radiation. This behavior suggests that magnetic property of the charge is compensated for its action as a cell opener in these materials.     

环己醇加氢反应失活的原因分析及对策

介绍一起己二腈混入精苯中造成环己醇加氢反应失活的事故，详细分析了事故的原因，并提出了防范对策。     

The Consumption of Milk and Dairy Foods and the Incidence of Vascular Disease and Diabetes: An Overview of the Evidence

The health effects of milk and dairy food consumption would best be determined in randomised controlled trials. No adequately powered trial has been reported and none is likely because of the numbers required. The best evidence comes, therefore, from prospective cohort studies with disease events and death as outcomes. Medline was searched for prospective studies of dairy food consumption and incident vascular disease and Type 2 diabetes, based on representative population samples. Reports in which evaluation was in incident disease or death were selected. Meta-analyses of the adjusted estimates of relative risk for disease outcomes in these reports were conducted. Relevant case–control retrospective studies were also identified and the results are summarised in this article. Meta-analyses suggest a reduction in risk in the subjects with the highest dairy consumption relative to those with the lowest intake: 0.87 (0.77, 0.98) for all-cause deaths, 0.92 (0.80, 0.99) for ischaemic heart disease, 0.79 (0.68, 0.91) for stroke and 0.85 (0.75, 0.96) for incident diabetes. The number of cohort studies which give evidence on individual dairy food items is very small, but, again, there is no convincing evidence of harm from consumption of the separate food items. In conclusion, there appears to be an enormous mis-match between the evidence from long-term prospective studies and perceptions of harm from the consumption of dairy food items.     

微波化学反应用聚四氟乙烯容器的透波性能

因聚四氟乙烯（PTFE）具有较低的复介电常数,其作为透波材料而被广泛用作微波化学反应用容器。透波材料的介电特性和透波性能对微波化学反应的速率和效果具有重要影响。本研究首先利用谐振腔微扰法测量了PTFE在23~250℃范围内的复介电常数,并分析了该材料介电属性的温度特性;其次,基于电磁波传输原理,计算了该材料受到不同因素影响下的功率透过系数（T²）,并对该材料的透波性能进行了分析。研究表明,随着温度的增加,PTFE的介电常数逐渐减小,损耗正切逐渐增大,但是二者变化幅度较小;在水平（TM）极化中存在一个布儒斯特角θ_B,当微波以该角度入射时会发生全透射现象;TM极化下的T²随着入射角的增大先增大后减小,垂直（TE）极化下的T²随着入射角的增加而减小,TM极化下的整体透波性能要优于TE极化;随着容器壁厚的增加,透波性能波动变化,存在极大值和极小值;在相同容器壁厚范围内（0~0.1m）,2450MHz频率下对应高透波性能的厚度值要多于915MHz。研究还表明,微波入射角度较小时,PTFE的T²始终保持在0.87~0.99之间,透波性能较好。最后给出了微波以不同频率入射时PTFE的优选壁厚以供实际应用过程中进行参考。     

Modelling the impaction of a micron particle with a powdery layer

The interaction of an incoming micron particle with already deposited particles is an important factor in particulate fouling of heat exchangers. A numerical model was developed based on the discrete element method to simulate this interaction. The contact forces between the colliding particles are based on the concept of contact mechanics, which takes plastic deformation of particles into consideration. The numerical model predicts the critical sticking and removal velocities, which are important parameters in determining the fouling rate of heat exchangers. Very detailed information of the bed dynamics can be extracted from the numerical model. It appears that the time required for a particle to be ejected out of a bed of particles due to an incident particle impact is proportional to the interacting particles diameter and to the square root of the number of bed layers. The maximum indentation in an incident particle hitting a bed of particles is proven theoretically and numerically to be directly proportional to the velocity and diameter of the incident particle if plastic deformation occurs. Experiments were carried out in a vacuumed column to validate the numerical model. In the experiments, incident particles dropped onto a bed of particles and the sticking, bouncing and removal behaviour were measured as a function of the incident particle impact speed. Both the numerics and the experiments showed that there are velocity regimes at which the incident particle sticks, bounces off or removes particles from the bed of particles. The regimes overlap due to the impact angle effect. The numerical model predictions regarding the critical sticking and removal velocities are in agreement with the measured values.     

国外管道失效数据库简介及参考

管道失效数据库在管道完整性管理实施和安全监管方面起着重要作用,介绍了国外PHMSA、EGIG、Concawe、NEB等管理机构成熟运行的管道失效数据库,从数据库的统计范围、事故上报、事故统计等方面分析了不同国家管道失效数据库的差异和对我国数据库建设的参考。     

Vacuum Microwave Treatment of Potato Starch and the Resultant Modification of Properties

The study focuses on the vacuum microwave treatment of low‐moisture potato starch. Typical temperature and drying profiles are presented and explained with the help of other process parameters such as sample weight, pressure, incident and absorbed microwave power. Subsequently water absorption capacity of vacuum microwave treated and conduction heated samples was investigated at 55 °C. During vacuum microwave treatment, 50 g samples were treated with incident powers of 460, 500 and 750 W at 3800 Pa for durations between 30 and 300 s. Water absorption capacity increased exponentially with the net absorbed energy but could not be functionally correlated to end temperature and incident power. During conduction heating, starch samples were treated at temperature values of 120, 130, 140, 150 and 160 °C, till constant weight. The water absorption capacity was observed to increase with increase in treatment temperature.     

Numerical Simulation of the Two‐Phase Fluid Field in a Gas‐Around‐Liquid Spray Nozzle

A new gas‐around‐liquid spray nozzle (GLSN) was designed, and the two‐phase flow fluid field in this nozzle was simulated numerically. Flow characteristics under different structural parameters were obtained by changing the L/D ratio of the premixing chamber, incident angle, and inlet pressures. Increasing the L/D ratio and incident angle improved flow characteristics such as atomization flow, outlet velocity, and turbulence intensity. The nozzle performed optimally at an L/D ratio of 0.5 and incident angle of 60°. The atomization flow decreased with higher gas pressure and increased with higher liquid pressure. The outlet velocity mainly depended on the inlet gas pressure, not on the inlet liquid pressure. These results provide an indication for optimum structures and parameters of the GLSN.