Magic-echo phase-encoding solid imaging with improved time resolution

Anesthesiology critical care medicine (ACCM) fellowship training was accredited in 1989, and a small number of graduating anesthesiology residents pursue this additional training. Considering the flexible program guidelines of the American Board of Anesthesiology (ABA), we hypothesized that ACCM fellowship training programs varied significantly among the 42 institutions accredited to offer this program. This study of ACCM fellowship programs used a six-part, 57-item questionnaire completed by 36 program directors to describe six aspects of the program: institution size, program director, attending staff, fellowship applicants, curriculum, and the role of the American Society of Critical Care Anesthesiologists (ASCCA). Ninety-four percent of ACCM fellowships are in facilities with more than 400 beds; 81% of these institutions have more than 20 intensive care unit (ICU) beds as the basis for fellowship teaching. Eighty-three percent of ACCM program directors have practiced critical care for more than 5 yr. All programs had more than one attending physician, with the majority having a multidisciplinary attending staff. During two academic years (1990-1992), 12 (33%) of 36 programs did not have a fellow, resulting in an average of less than one fellow for each program. ACCM fellow involvement in patient care was characterized as "primary" in medical and pediatric ICUs and "cooperative" in surgical ICUs. Fellowship curricula had varied requirements for research, intraoperative anesthesia, and ICU procedures performed by the fellow. In general, program directors believe that salary and on-call responsibility are not important issues for applicants. Nineteen percent of program directors train ACCM fellows longer than the 12 mo required by the ABA and believe that ACCM training should be lengthened.     

Perspective of a pediatric nephrology program: an 18 year retrospective

We analyzed the patient profile in a pediatric nephrology training program, along with data collected over an 18 year period, to determine whether there is merit in the proposition that clinical training can be obtained equally well in internal medicine nephrology training programs. We also compared the rate of patient referral in an U.S. metropolitan area with a population of 1.2 million, in the first 9 years without the "gatekeeper" health insurance system and the next 9 years with managed care competition. Finally, we discussed guidelines for renal biopsy in the child and approaches to treatment as practiced in a pediatric nephrology program of almost two decades. We used the same NIH clinical data form throughout the 18 years of data collection to record clinical, laboratory and biopsy diagnosis, dialysis/ transplantation and other treatment data of patients entering our outpatient and inpatient services. Between 1977 and 1996, 3,150 new patients were examined for disorders related to the kidney. Twenty-one per cent of the patients were in the first year of life and 50% were younger than seven years of age. The majority of the 389 percutaneous renal biopsies were done in children under 10 years of age. In addition, almost half of the 112 pediatric dialysis/transplant patients presented before 10 years of age. Thus, the majority of patients were in the early years of life, with an unique pattern of renal diseases and issues regarding therapy which are clearly different from adulthood. Therefore we concluded that the existing data did not support the proposition that pediatric nephrology training be absorbed into internal medicine nephrology programs. The introduction of managed care competition did not affect the rate of patient enrollment. In fact, the rate of referrals in the latter 9 years paralleled the first 9 years. The factors which contribute to this outcome are discussed. Such data should be useful to those trying to meet the challenges of this competitive era. Finally, we discussed guidelines for renal biopsies in children and approaches to specific diseases.     

Experience with not offering dialysis to patients with a poor prognosis

Despite ongoing discussion of dialysis rationing in the nephrology community, there are little available data describing current practice in treatment selection for very ill renal patients with a poor prognosis. We report a prospective survey of end-stage renal patients referred to our Canadian regional dialysis center who were not accepted to the dialysis program on the grounds of poor prognosis and low quality of life. One quarter of patients referred during 1992 were not accepted to the program, with a mean age of 74 +/- 11 years. Patients were predominantly female and most suffered from a combination of renovascular and cardiovascular disease, with very poor functional capacity as determined by the Karnofsky scale. Nonacceptance to the dialysis program did not create legal difficulties or requests for second opinions. Based on our experience, we propose guidelines for nonacceptance of patients to dialysis programs.     

Research curricula in critical care fellowships--a survey

OBJECTIVES: To determine curriculum requirements and educational methods used by Critical Care fellowship training programs in fulfilling Residency Review Committee requirements for a research experience during Critical Care subspecialty training. DATA SOURCE: Responses from 163 (67%) of the 245 directors of accredited Anesthesiology, Medicine, Pediatric, and Surgical Critical Care fellowship training programs listed in the American Medical Association Graduate Medical Education Directory. DATA EXTRACTION: Survey information accepted as valid for each program was tabulated to answer study questions. DATA SYNTHESIS: Most (89%) Critical Care programs with 2- or 3-yr curricula meet Residency Review Committee requirements and provide nonclinical time for research. Only 63% of 1-yr curricula from Anesthesiology and Medicine provide a required research experience. Formal instruction in research topics is provided by lecture, journal club, or research conference in approximately 90% of fellowships. Academic productivity from fellowship programs is high, but not correlated with a program's requirement for research. CONCLUSION: Compliance with current Residency Review Committee requirements for active participation in research is poor for 1-yr fellowship curricula. Reasons for this failure are discussed and a modified requirement is proposed.     

Awards for distinguished contributions to the international advancement of psychology: Florence L. Denmark.

The Committee on International Relations in Psychology confers the Award(s) for Distinguished Contributions to the International Advancement of Psychology to an individual(s) who has made sustained and enduring contributions to international cooperation and the advancement of knowledge of psychology. In accordance with established custom, the award winners have agreed to present addresses on some phase of their contributions to research in the international psychological field at the 1997 convention. Award addresses delivered in 1996 are published in the April 1997 American Psychologist. One of the two winners are Florence L. Denmark. An activist-scholar-researcher, Florence L. Denmark has long been an energetic force in advancing psychology internationally, particularly the psychology of women and human rights. From cross-cultural research to the establishment of international congresses, Denmark's leadership has paved the way for a global perspective in psychology. Her most significant research and writing have emphasized women's leadership and leaderships styles, the interactions of status and gender, and the international contributions of women. Her professional activities have promoted the study of the psychology of women throughout the world, and she has made it possible for disadvantaged women from various countries to participate in international psychology events. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Multi-institutional survey of graduates of pediatric anesthesia fellowship: assessment of training and current professional activities

We surveyed all the graduates of four fellowship programs in pediatric anesthesia between 1985 and 1993 to assess their current professional activities, their evaluation of fellowship training, and their opinions on future directions of such training. One-hundred ninety-one (62%) of the graduates responded. Nearly all of the respondents had sought fellowship training for pediatric anesthesia and thought that the training was worthwhile. At the time of the survey, 40% worked in a children's hospital, 72% had university or affiliate positions, and 54% had a practice that was > 50% pediatric. Those with > or = 12 mo fellowship and/or board certification in pediatrics were the most likely to have a pediatric-dedicated practice. Seventy percent of the respondents thought that fellowship training should be for 12 mo, and the proportion of respondents who recommended inclusion of training in pain management and clinical research was greater than the number who had actually received such training. Fifty-eight percent of respondents supported restriction of fellowship positions in the future, but 83% did not support a mandatory 2-yr fellowship with research training. We conclude that fellowships in pediatric anesthesia seem to be successful in providing training that is not only satisfying to the trainees, but that is also followed by active involvement in the care of children and in the training of residents and fellows in anesthesia. Additional information should be gathered to assess the impact of this training on pediatric care, to formulate a standardized curriculum, and to justify support for such training in the future. Implications: We surveyed graduates of four fellowship programs in pediatric anesthesia (1985-1993) to assess current professional activities, fellowship training, and future directions of such training. Fellowships in pediatric anesthesia seem to provide training that is satisfying to trainees and that is followed by active involvement in the care of children.     

Program of the seventy-fourth annual convention of the American Psychological Association: September 2-6, 1966, New York, New York.

Titles and abstracts of papers and symposia are presented. Business meetings, presidential addresses, social functions, and a film program are announced. Indices of sponsored programs and participants are provided. A paper by A. R. Luria, XVIII International Congress of Psychology, outlines the program of the congress. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The development and maturation of humanitarian psychology.

Humanitarian psychological support as an organized field is relatively young. Pioneers in the field were involved primarily in providing psychological support to refugees and internally displaced persons in conflict and nonconflict situations. This article describes basic principles for the design of psychological support programs and interventions. The International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) began a psychological support program in 1991. The IFRC chose psychological first aid as its model for implementation in developing countries. Psychological first aid fits all the principles for psychological support program design and is adapted to individual communities. The first generation of psychological support programs differed dramatically depending on the countries in which they were developed. A second generation of psychological support programs evolved in response to the earthquake/tsunami of December 26, 2004. The Inter-Agency Standing Committee international guidelines consolidated the advances of second-generation programs and provided a clear indication of the wide acceptance of the importance of psychological support. A glimpse is provided of the third generation of psychological support programs, and an admonition is made for a more empirical evaluation of the effectiveness of interventions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

American Psychological Foundation 1977 Contributors.

This article describes the awards and small-grants programs of the American Psychological Foundation (APF), which was established in 1953 to receive gifts from psychologists who wish to contribute to the advancement of psychology as a science and a profession in the service of knowledge and the welfare of people. Through its awards program, the Foundation honors annually a senior psychologist who in his or her career has made distinguished contributions to research and scholarship (the Gold Medal Award), and it also recognizes outstanding achievements in teaching and in interpreting psychology in the public media (books, radio, magazines, newspapers, television). Through its small grants program, the APF supports activities of importance to psychology that would otherwise go unfunded. The Foundation's program depends on the concern and generosity of psychologists. Enclosed are a list of the names of all whose contributions to the APF were received in 1977. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Formalized postdoctoral fellowships: A national survey for postdoctoral fellows.

Why do some recent doctoral graduates participate in formalized postdoctoral fellowship programs? What activities do fellows engage in, and are fellowships meeting their training needs? By analyzing a national survey of 204 fellows, the authors address these and other questions. Desire for advanced training, particularly psychotherapy and assessment, was the most common reason for seeking and accepting a postdoctoral fellowship. It is interesting to note that training focused on new and emerging areas in psychology were not highly rated. Fellows reported engaging in a variety of activities, with nearly half of their work week spent providing direct clinical services. The majority of fellows were highly satisfied with their fellowship experiences. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

How youth get engaged: Grounded-theory research on motivational development in organized youth programs.

For youth to benefit from many of the developmental opportunities provided by organized programs, they need to not only attend but become psychologically engaged in program activities. This research was aimed at formulating empirically based grounded theory on the processes through which this engagement develops. Longitudinal interviews were conducted with 100 ethnically diverse youth (ages 14–21) in 10 urban and rural arts and leadership programs. Qualitative analysis focused on narrative accounts from the 44 youth who reported experiencing a positive turning point in their motivation or engagement. For 38 of these youth, this change process involved forming a personal connection. Similar to processes suggested by self-determination theory (Ryan & Deci, 2000), forming a personal connection involved youth's progressive integration of personal goals with the goals of program activities. Youth reported developing a connection to 3 personal goals that linked the self with the activity: learning for the future, developing competence, and pursuing a purpose. The role of purpose for many youth suggests that motivational change can be driven by goals that transcend self-needs. These findings suggest that youth need not enter programs intrinsically engaged—motivation can be fostered—and that programs should be creative in helping youth explore ways to form authentic connections to program activities. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Role of ASCE in the Advancement of Computing in Civil Engineering

Computing has emerged as a major focus area in civil engineering, just as it has in other disciplines. This paper examines the role of the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) in the advancement and development of this focus on computing in civil engineering. The paper documents the technical activities of ASCE that contributed to this evolution, particularly the committees of the Structural Division (now the Structural Engineering Institute) and the Technical Council on Computer Practices (now the Technical Council on Computing and Information Technology). Emphasis is placed on the initial activities and the current status of each group. A broad survey of ASCE activities that contribute to the dissemination of information on computing in civil engineering is presented. The role of ASCE publications in this effort is examined. The ASCE conferences and congresses on computing are documented and evaluated. Finally, observations are made about the society's overall impact on computing in civil engineering.     

American Psychological Foundation 1973 Contributors.

The American Psychological Foundation was established in 1953 to receive gifts from psychologists who wish to contribute to the advancement of psychology as a science and a profession in the service of knowledge and the welfare of man. Through its awards program the Foundation honors annually a senior psychologist who in his whole career has made distinguished contributions to research and scholarship (the Gold Medal Award), and it also recognizes outstanding achievements in teaching and in interpreting psychology in public media (books, newspapers, television.) Through its small grants program it supports activities of importance to psychology that would otherwise go unfunded. For example, it provides APA journals to libraries in developing nations. In addition, in appropriate cases the Foundation contributes funds to support programs of other organizations which are consistent with the purposes of the Foundation. In accordance with the Bylaws, the Foundation is placed in the hands of a Board of Trustees, consisting of the seven most recent past presidents of the APA and other members of the Association elected by the Trustees then in office. The Foundation's program depends on the concern and generosity of psychologists. Some contribute in the form of specific cash contributions. Others assign all or part of their royalties from books, particularly books that draw heavily on the work of other psychologists. Others routinely assign income from reprinting of their papers in books of readings or other collections. Some have designated the Foundation a beneficiary in their wills. Contributions are tax deductible. This article includes a list of the names of all whose contributions to the APF were received in 1973. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Program of the sixty-sixth annual convention of the American Psychological Association.

The major section contains abstracts of papers to be delivered and symposia to be presented at the 68th APA convention. APA and divisional meetings, presidential addresses, and social functions are indicated. General information and informal announcements concerning the convention are outlined, and indices of sponsored programs and program participants are included. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Memory function in aging and Parkinson''s disease--an event-related potential study]

PURPOSE: Though case management has been recommended to improve the outcomes of patients with costly or morbid conditions, it has seldom been studied in controlled trials. We performed a randomized, controlled clinical trial of an intensive, multidisciplinary case management program for patients with chronic renal insufficiency and followed patients for 5 years. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We enrolled 437 primary-care patients (73% of those eligible) with chronic renal insufficiency (estimated creatinine clearance consistently < 50 mL/min with the last serum creatinine level > 1.4 mg/dL) who were attending an urban academic general internal medicine practice. The intensive case management, administered during the first 2 years after enrollment, consisted of mandatory repeated consultations in a nephrology case management clinic staffed by two nephrologists, a renal nurse, a renal dietitian, and a social worker. Control patients received usual care. Primary outcome measurements included serum creatinine level, estimated creatinine clearance, health services use, and mortality in the 5 years after enrollment. Secondary measures included use of renal sparing and potentially nephrotoxic drugs. RESULTS: There were no differences in renal function, health services use, or mortality in the first, second, or third through fifth years after enrollment. There were significantly more outpatient visits among intervention patients, mainly because of the added visits to the nephrology case management clinic. There were also no significant differences in the use of renal sparing or selected potentially nephrotoxic drugs. The annual direct costs of the intervention were $89,355 ($484 per intervention patient). CONCLUSION: This intensive, multidisciplinary case-management intervention had no effect on the outcomes of care among primary-care patients with established chronic renal insufficiency. Such expensive and intrusive interventions, despite representing state-of-the-art care, should be tested prospectively before being widely introduced into practice.     

Pediatric nephrology workforce in Latin America

Pediatric nephrology workforce issues were examined in a Latin American survey involving 14 countries. The number of children under 15 years per pediatric nephrologist varied widely among countries: Argentina, Cuba, Venezuela, and Uruguay had an unusually high number of pediatric nephrologists. Guatemala represents the opposite end of the spectrum of values (1,582.6 thousand children under 15 years per pediatric nephrologist). A significant inverse correlation was found between children under 15 years per pediatric nephrologist and national gross domestic product per capita (r=-0.52, P<0.05) and a significant correlation between children per pediatric nephrologist and infant mortality (r=0.82, P<0.005, Spearman's rank correlation coefficient). The same correlations were observed for total population per pediatric nephrologist. However, the pediatric nephrology workforce does not merely reflect national economic status. Official health care policies, market forces, and social regulations also have an influence. A study of the number of pediatric nephrologists necessary for adequate planning of care of children with renal disease in Latin America is urgently needed.     

Evaluation of organic solvent-induced inflammation modulated by neuropeptides in the abdominal skin of hairless rats

Implementing a program as complex as continuous venovenous hemodialysis without the involvement of nephrology nurses is a challenge. However, with proper planning, appropriate staff support, and the ability to make changes as implementation proceeds, a successful program can be developed. Our reward is that we are now able to offer a therapy that is important and potentially lifesaving to those critically ill patients with renal failure who are unable to tolerate intermittent hemodialysis.     

Proceedings of the fifty-fourth Annual Meeting of the Southern Society for Philosophy and Psychology.

Approximately 200 attended the meeting held on April 19-21, 1962 in Memphis, Tennessee. "The program included 19 papers and 2 symposia in philosophy, 34 papers and 3 symposia in psychology, and 2 joint sessions." The program of papers and their authors is listed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)