Theoretical determination of thermal diffusivity of composite material

A very simple model based on the Quadrupole method was used in the theoretical analysis of thermal diffusivity of composite materials of Cu-PVC, PVC-Cu-PVC, and Cu-PVC-Cu. The use of MATLAB software with a return to real space using the Stehfest algorithm makes the time of calculation very short. The thermal responses on the rear face of each considered sample, which determine the thermal diffusivity were represented. A mathematical demonstration which confirmed the results was given. Thermal diffusivity determined from the rear face thermal responses were compared with the results of the thermal diffusivity calculated by considering the composite materials to be homogeneous, and a discussion on the two kinds of results was provided.     

Experimental study on thermophysical properties of C/C composites at high temperature

Ablationthermalprotectivecompositesarethekeystructureofspacevehiclesprotectingthemfromaerody namicheatingduringtheirreentryintotheaerosphere.Thecarbonmatrixcompositesarethemostpromisingablationmaterialsusedinthisenvironmentduetotheirpotentiallyfavorablepr…     

Mechanism of low thermal conductivity of xonotlite-silica aerogel nanoporous super insulation material

In an effort to incorporate the low thermal conductivity of the silica aerogel and the superior structure strength of the xonotlite,a composite material of these two was produced. It was synthesized under vacuum condition and dried by supercritical drying technique. The thermal conductivity of the new material,which is at 298K with the gas pressure ranging from 1.01×10^5 to 1×10^-2 Pa,was measured using the transient hot-strip method. The mechanism of the low thermal conductivity was studied. The results indicate that the low thermal conductivity mainly results from the significant decrease of gaseous thermal conductivity of the new material due to the restriction of the motion of gas molecules in its fine structures. The formation of the fine structures is because the new material takes the pore structure of the silica aerogel which consists of mainly nanometer-sized pores.     

热线法同时测松散煤体导热系数及热扩散率

针对目前尚无理想的松散煤体热物性综合测试方法与系统的现状,研究了基于热线法的新的数据处理手段,同时测算松散煤体导热系数及热扩散率,并设计开发了测试系统.利用交叉热线法测松散煤体导热系数,结合平行热线温升数据通过数值解法计算热扩散率.实验测试表明:导热系数与热扩散率测试结果可重复性好,最大偏差仅为0.726%,且与相关文献参照值相符.     

基于多光谱技术同时测量超高温材料的温度和热扩散率

采用传感器复用技术对超高温试样的温度及热扩散率进行精确测量。根据比色温度计测量原理,推导了计算被测物体表面温度的通用计算公式,讨论了将高温非金属材料视为灰体的可行性,探讨了采用两个探测器分别对两个温度区间的温差信号进行测量的方法,设计了利用传感器输出信号同时对温度和温差进行测量的高精密放大电路,并介绍了相应装置的研制情况。标定结果表明,这套高温计的测量范围为1073~3773 K,测试误差小于1%。对SRM 8424标准试样在1073~3273 K温度范围内的热扩散率进行了测量,与NIST的测量数据(1073~2673 K)相比,最大测试误差为4.34%。本研究结果实现了对超高温材料温度和热扩散率的同时测量,为该领域测量装置的研制提供了一个新思路。     

混凝土的瞬态热应变及其计算

为了模拟火灾中混凝土的瞬态热应变,提出2种方法:修改材料的热膨胀系数和修改材料的弹性系数.第1种方法以ABAQUS为平台,通过编制子程序修改材料的热膨胀系数.第2种方法通过理论推导,将瞬态热应变的计算转变为修改材料的弹性系数.算例结果表明2种方法均是合理的.     

高速木工机械电主轴热态特性分析

介绍了高速木工机械电主轴的特点,分析了高速木工机械电主轴单元的热变形机理.建立了某型高速木工机械电主轴热态特性有限元分析模型,利用ANSYS进行了稳态温度场分析,并利用分布加载瞬态热分析模拟了机床的实际工作情况,得到了电主轴的温度场分布情况,为有效控制电主轴的温升提供了理论依据.在分析结果的基础上,提出了改善电主轴热态特性的措施,为电主轴冷却结构设计提供了参考.     

减速器齿轮传动系统的稳态热分析及试验研究

以ZD－10减速器齿轮传动系统为研究对象，用热网络法建立了该传动系统的热平衡方程组，建立了热阻，功率损失，对流换热系数计算模型，计算了该传动系统有润滑条件下的稳态温度场，并进行了相应的试验研究，这对于武装直升机传动系统生存能力的研究是十分有意义的。     

Thermal Stress and Assembling Parameters Evolution of CMC Bolted Joint under Transient Thermal Loads

瞬态热载荷下陶瓷基复合材料螺栓连接结构热应力及装配参数演化

赵淑媛¹,李正禹¹,蒲泽良¹,孙新杨²,张文娇³

（1哈尔滨工业大学 特种环境复合材料技术国家级重点实验室,哈尔滨 150080;

2哈尔滨工业大学 航天学院,哈尔滨 150001;

3东北农业大学 工程学院,哈尔滨 150030）

创新点说明：

采用有限元软件对陶瓷基复合材料和高温合金螺栓连接结构进行热力耦合分析,分析了瞬态热载荷作用下热应力及装配参数的变化,为避免连接结构的早期破坏提供理论基础。

研究目的：

陶瓷基复合材料由于其耐高温、耐磨、抗高温蠕变、导热系数和热膨胀系数较低等特点,逐渐在飞行器热结构上得到广泛的应用。在飞行器结构中,陶瓷基复合材料常常不可避免的与金属件组成连接结构。当这种类型的结构件被用于高温瞬态热载荷状态下时,由于陶瓷基复合材料与金属的热膨胀不匹配,会导致连接部位产生额外的热应力,并改变接头的连接参数,从而使结构提前发生破坏。因此,研究瞬态热加载对陶瓷基复合材料-高温合金螺栓连接结构的影响,对其在航空航天领域的运用具有重要意义。

研究方法：

针对2D编织C/SiC陶瓷基复合材料与高温合金GH4169组成的螺栓连接结构,使用有限元软件ABAQUS建立单钉单搭接螺栓连接结构的热分析模型。通过计算得到模型在给定的热边界载荷作用下的瞬态温度场,将温度场结果导入到应力场分析中,结合材料模型的UMAT程序,实现了模型的热力耦合分析。通过研究连接结构在高温热载荷作用下产生的热应力场,讨论了瞬态升温过程对连接结构预紧力、钉孔配合精度产生的影响

结果：

2D编织C/SiC复合材料与高温合金组成的螺栓连接结构在受到温度载荷作用而产生温度变化后,装配时施加的预紧力会发生松弛现象,并且螺栓钉孔间的间隙也会缩小,预紧力下降值与温度载荷值呈现线性关系,钉孔间隙的减小值与温度载荷值呈现二次曲线的关系。

结论：

本研究针对陶瓷基复合材料和高温合金螺栓连接结构,研究了瞬态热加载条件下结构热应力及螺栓预紧力和钉孔间隙等装配参数的演化,所得结果将用以指导工程实践中陶瓷基复合材料连接件的设计和使用。

关键词：陶瓷基复合材料;热分析;热应力;预紧力;钉孔间隙

     

新型管状相变材料热管理系统的数值仿真与实验研究

设计了一种新型的管状复合相变材料(tubular Composite PCM,t-CPCM)结构,用以替代传统的块状复合相变材料(block-shaped Composite PCM,b-CPCM)结构,将其耦合强制对流换热后应用于电池热管理。仿真结果表明,相比于b-CPCM电池仿真模型,t-CPCM电池仿真模型不仅流道分布更加均匀,而且对流换热面积更大,理论计算得出的对流换热热阻仅为0.8 K·W⁻¹,是b-CPCM电池仿真模型的1/20。实验结果表明,t-CPCM电池模组优异的散热性能可以有效地控制电池温度,t-CPCM电池模组的最高温度仅为46.9 ℃,温差为0.8 ℃;而b-CPCM电池模组的最高温度高达51 ℃,温差均为5 ℃。所设计的管状复合相变材料在电池热管理方面具有良好的应用价值。     

A new measuring technique of soil thermal inertia

Thermal inertia is the function of substance density, heat capacity and heat diffusivity, and is an important parameter for researching the process of surface heat balance using remote sensing technique. In this paper, using soil heat plates, infrared thermometer, data logger and other instruments, by man-controlled changing the solar radiation status on the soil samples, the authors gave a new method to measure soil thermal inertia. Using the continuously surveying data of soil heat flux and infrared radiation temperature, thermal inertia can be calculated easily. Based on the thermal inertia calculation of three soil samples with different water content, good results were abtained by the authors, so this method is feasible. Meanwhile, this measuring technique is also a new attempt.     

复合材料壁板热颤振的有限元分析

壁板颤振是发生在高速飞行器上的一种典型的超音速气动弹性现象。在超音速飞行器的设计中，由于气动加热效应相当剧烈，考虑热效应的壁板颤振问题成为一个不可忽视的气动弹性问题。文中采用von Karman大变形应变一位移关系、气动叻活塞理论以及准定常热应力理论建立了考虑热效应的复合材料壁板颤振的气动弹性力学模型。使用计及壁板横向剪切效应的三结点三角形Mindlin板单元(MIN3单元)推导出考虑热效应的颤振有限元方程，并给出了在频域和时域求解其颤振方程的方法。分别对一个矩形复合材料壁板和梯形复合材料壁板，计算出壁板的颤振边界并分析了温度对壁板颤振边界的影响规律。     

空心砌块的传导传递函数系数计算与验证

根据空心砌块的频域热特性辨识其s多项式传递函数,并进一步求取空心砌块的CTF系数。根据空心砌块动态热特性实验结果对采用CTF系数计算空心砌块热特性的可靠性进行了验证。结果表明,在边界条件趋于周期性稳定后,采用CTF系数和实验得到的空心砌块内外表面温度曲线非常吻合。因此,CTF系数能准确的计算空心砌块的动态热特性,是一种分析空心砌块动态热特性的有效方法。     

金属蜂窝夹芯板辐射导热耦合问题

针对金属蜂窝夹芯板,研究了其在气动加热条件下的非稳态传热行为.基于高温传热学原理,通过传热机制分析,建立了蜂窝夹芯板的导热-辐射一维瞬态耦合传热数学物理模型.在此基础上,采用控制容积法,结合蒙特卡罗法,发展形成了求解该类辐射导热耦合传热问题的数值方法,并给出了蜂窝夹芯板当量热导率和典型边界条件下金属蜂窝夹芯板瞬态温度场、非加热面热响应的计算方法,进行了典型算例计算和实验验证.结果表明,所建立的数值计算模型在预报蜂窝结构热响应方面是有效的,而且较之Swann-Pittman半经验关系式,提高了计算精度.     

高炉用铜－钢复合冷却壁传热及力学性能分析

采用热力耦合方法研究了铜层厚度和冷却水道间距对铜－钢复合冷却壁温度及应力分布的影响．以1：1比例铜－钢复合冷却壁进行了热态试验,测试了铜－钢复合冷却壁温度分布,计算了热态试验条件下铜－钢复合冷却壁的温度分布,计算结果与试验结果基本吻合．计算结果显示,铜－钢复合冷却壁铜层厚度增加,壁体最高温度和最大等效应力减少,铜层厚度上限值为70mm;冷却水道间距减少可以降低壁体最高温度和最大等效应力,当冷却水道间距小于220mm时,减少冷却水道间距对降低壁体最高温度和最大等效应力作用较小．铜层厚度为60mm,冷却水道间距为220mm的铜－钢复合冷却壁在高炉热负荷较高区域工作不易发生塑性变形损坏．     

对称型梯度功能材料的瞬态热应力强度因子

采用摄动法推导出无限大对称型梯度功能材料平板的一维非定常温度场及非定常热应力场的解析表达式 ,并采用权函数法计算了受热冲击的含双边裂纹的对称型梯度功能材料平板的瞬态热应力强度因子 .通过两种Al2 O3 TiC系梯度功能陶瓷平板表面冷却条件下的计算实例并与均质陶瓷材料对比 ,分析了材料的热 物理性能分布规律对瞬态热应力强度因子的影响 ,并提出高抗热震性梯度功能陶瓷的设计原则     

炭黑对混炼胶热扩散系数的影响

利用LFA 447 NanoflashTM型激光导热仪测定了填充不同含量N220炭黑混炼胶在25~60℃时的热扩散系数,研究了混炼胶的热物理性质,用于指导控制调节混炼机的辊筒温度;并用最小二乘法对实验数据进行回归,给出了相关的关联式。实验结果表明,胶料的热扩散系数随炭黑填充量的增加而增大,混炼胶的热扩散系数随温度的升高而降低。     

Preparation and Properties of Paraffin/PMMA Shape-stabilized Phase Change Material for Building Thermal Energy Storage

The composite phase change material(PCM) consisting of phase change paraffin(PCP) and polymethyl methacrylate(PMMA) was prepared as a novel type of shape-stabilized PCM for building energy conservation through the method of bulk polymerization. The chemical structure, morphology, phase change temperature and enthalpy, and mechanical properties of the composite PCM were studied to evaluate the encapsulation effect of PMMA on PCP and determine the optimal composition proportion. FTIR and SEM results revealed that PCP was physically immobilized in the PMMA so that its leakage from the composite was prevented. Based on the thermo-physical and mechanical properties investigations, the optimal mass fraction of PCP in the composite was determined as 70%. The phase change temperature of the composite was close to that of PCP, and its latent heat was equivalent to the calculated value according to the mass fraction of PCP in the composite. For estimating the usability in practical engineering, thermal stability, reliability and temperature regulation performance of the composite were also researched by TG analysis, thermal cycling treatments and heating-cooling test. The results indicated that PCP/PMMA composite PCM behaved good thermal stability depending on the PMMA protection and its latent heat degraded little after 500 thermal cycling. Temperature regulation performance of the composite before and after thermal cycling was both noticeable due to its latent heat absorption and release in the temperature variation processes. The PCP/PMMA phase change plate was fabricated and applied as thermal insulator in miniature concrete box to estimate its temperature regulation effect under the simulated environmental condition. It can be concluded that this kind of PCP/PMMA shape-stabilized PCM with the advantages of no leakage, suitable phase change temperature and enthalpy, good thermal stability and reliability, and effective temperature regulation performance have much potential for thermal energy storage in building energy conservation.     

Analysis of transient temperature field of the laminate composite membrane in space environment

The on-orbit transient temperature of reflector laminate film was analyzed by using finite element method (FEM). Numerical simulation was used by FEM software ANSYS. Results reveal that the temperature levels of the laminate composite membrane alternate greatly in the orbital period, which is about ±80℃. This range exceeds the material’s operating temperature level. So it is necessary to put effective thermal control into effect to the laminate composite membrane. There is temperature gradient in the thickness direction of the laminate composite membrane; there is a light change in Kevlar/Epoxy layer. The temperature of the laminate composite membrane is obviously lower than the seam’s temperature. Results provide reference to the thermal control of the inflatable reflector with high precision requirement.     

干寒地区新型波形钢腹板组合箱梁温度效应分析

为探索干寒地区新型波形钢腹板组合箱梁的温度场分布特征和温度效应,弥补现行规范中缺乏其温度梯度模式定义的不足,以西北干寒地区某新型波形钢腹板组合箱梁为研究对象,采用现场温度观测数据,分析该新型组合结构在日照作用下的温度分布规律,并运用最小二乘法拟合,提出其2维温度梯度模式;建立新型波形钢腹板组合箱梁全桥精细化有限元模型,...