半开式叶轮离心泵叶顶位置压力脉动数值分析

由于叶顶间隙值对半开式(叶轮)离心泵性能影响显著,因此在设计半开式离心泵时,叶顶间隙值的选取具有重要实际意义。为了研究叶顶间隙对半开式离心泵叶顶位置压力脉动特性的影响,选取间隙值为0.25 mm、0.3 mm、0.35 mm和0.4 mm的半开式离心泵为研究对象,应用ICEM软件进行结构化网格划分,采用RNG k-ε湍流模型对泵进行非定常数值模拟,并检测叶片顶端压力脉动特性。结果表明,随着叶顶间隙值增加,泵的扬程逐渐下降;间隙的存在导致间隙泄漏流与主流相互影响,加剧了流动的不稳定性;叶顶间隙对叶片顶端压力脉动影响显著,随着间隙值的增加,叶顶中后位置处的压力脉动幅值逐渐降低,说明叶顶间隙值的增大改善了离心泵运行的稳定性。     

开式离心叶轮内部流道的数值模拟

采用了多块网格技术、雷诺平均N-S方程和应用S-A湍流模型,对开式直叶高速离心泵叶轮内部流场进行了数值模拟,并对开式高速离心泵作出了试验研究。通过数值模拟与试验研究的结果比较分析,得出该数值模拟方法可以较好地模拟离心泵叶轮内流场,总结出了影响离心泵叶轮内流场和外部特性的因素及其变化规律。为优化设计、提高泵的效率提供了有价值的参考。     

叶顶间隙对叶轮性能影响的数值分析

分别对两个不同的半开式离心压缩机叶轮进行了不同叶顶间隙时的三维粘性流场进行了分析,得出了叶轮内部的流场分布情况,以及压比和效率等主要叶轮参数随间隙值变化的情况,并与用经验公式预测的结果进行了比较.     

叶顶间隙对离心泵气液两相流特性的影响

为研究叶顶间隙对离心泵气液两相流特性的影响，以比转速为33的半开式叶轮离心泵为研究对象，设计了四种叶顶间隙值(0.3 mm、0.5 mm、0.7 mm、1 mm)的模型泵，采用Eulerian模型对各间隙值模型泵进行了不同进口含气率(IGVF)不同流量工况下气液两相流动进行了数值计算，得到了不同IGVF下各模型泵的外特性曲线，并分析了叶顶间隙变化对模型泵外特性及其内部流场影响规律。结果表明：当IGVF≤5%时，气相在泵内的聚集程度较低，叶顶间隙泄漏流动是影响模型泵性能的主要原因，模型泵的性能随间隙值的增大而减小，0.3 mm间隙值为最佳间隙值；当IGVF=12%时，气相在泵内高度聚集，导致叶轮内部流动极为紊乱，湍动能的分布范围和强度也逐渐增强，由此造成的能量损失是导致模型泵性能下降的主要因素，其中0.5 mm间隙值模型泵的湍动能分布和强度最小，此时模型泵的性能达到最佳。     

半开式叶轮离心泵的效率优化与分析

为了提高半开式叶轮离心泵的水力效率,应用速度系数法对半开式叶轮离心泵的水力效率进行了优化,并采用k-ε湍流模型和标准壁面函数对离心泵进行了数值模拟,仿真分析了蜗壳和叶轮顶端问不同间隙以及不同叶片数对离心泵水力效率的影响。研究结果表明,当蜗壳与叶轮顶面的间隙为0．5mm,叶片数为6时,离心泵的效率较好。     

开式叶轮离心泵性能的CFD模拟方法

现有针对离心泵性能的数值模拟研究中,由于计算时未准确考虑泵内间隙和平衡孔的影响,一些低比转速的开式叶轮离心泵的性能预测结果出现较大的误差,因此很有必要建立合理的计算方法来提高性能预测精度。以一台低比转速的开式叶轮离心泵为研究对象,对其内部流动进行三维数值模拟,探讨建模、数值方法和湍流模式对预测结果的影响。通过模型泵试验台上的性能测试,得到泵的流量、扬程、功率和效率等性能参数。通过对比数值模拟与试验结果,验证数值模拟的可靠性,并分析后盖板切除区域、间隙和平衡孔对流动结构和性能的影响。分析结果显示,改进模型能很好地预测开式叶轮的性能,在计算模型中忽略后盖板切除区域能提高计算精度:采用滑移面方法能够提高网格质量,但也增大了非设计工况下的计算误差:对于开式叶轮离心泵的模拟,Realizableκ-ε模型相比κ-ε,RNGκ-ε和Spalart-Allmars等模型具有更高的计算精度和稳定性。所提建模和计算方法可提高低比转速离心泵的性能预测精度,尤其适合于开式叶轮离心泵的流场模拟。     

叶片载荷对半开式离心叶轮气动性能的影响

为提高半开式离心叶轮的气动性能,采用数值模拟及分析方法对三种叶片载荷分布的叶轮在不同叶顶间隙下的流动特征及性能参数影响进行了量化对比,结果表明:载荷分布形式与叶顶间隙值对叶轮气动性能有影响,当载荷前置时,叶轮性能受间隙的影响最小;叶顶间隙引起的泄漏量对叶轮性能影响不明显;叶轮流道中后段的流动性能更易受载荷、叶顶间隙值等因素的影响,导致效率下降。     

轴流泵端壁间隙流动特性的数值分析

采用CFD计算软件CFX11.0,基于标准的k-ε紊流模型和SIMPLEC算法,对带间隙的轴流泵的内部流场进行了数值模拟.研究和分析了0、1、1.5、2和2.5mm五种不同径向间隙对轴流泵的能量特性的影响,并进行了性能预估.本次数值模拟捕捉到了叶顶间隙泄漏流动和间隙泄漏涡,并通过分析得出了间隙泄漏涡是由于间隙泄漏流与主流发生卷吸而形成的.     

半开式叶轮离心泵变叶顶间隙流动特性的研究

为研究叶顶间隙的改变对半开式叶轮离心泵内部流场及性能的影响,选取某半开式叶轮离心泵进行全流道数值模拟。结果表明,不同相对间隙下叶轮内压力变化大体趋势一致,沿着叶轮进口到叶轮出口等压线周向呈均匀分布,且总压由叶轮进口向出口逐渐递增;随着相对间隙值增大,沿圆周方向叶轮流道内压力梯度逐渐减小,由于叶顶间隙增大使叶轮流道中高压流体沿着轴向的泄漏量增加引起叶片做功能力减弱,叶轮叶片出口处局部高压区逐渐减弱。在同一径向位置间隙层中靠近叶片工作面附近流体压力较背面大,且在叶片工作面与背面两侧间隙层存在较大的压力梯度。间隙层出口处存在局部高压区,随着间隙值的增大该局部高压区有所减弱,不同相对间隙值下相对速度沿径向均匀增大。叶轮轴向截面内存在着回流、绕流等不稳定流动,轴向截面中有明显的回流涡产生。叶片工作面(PS)高压流体横跨叶顶间隙从高压区向低压区泄漏并与相邻叶片背面流道主流相互掺混并在叶片背面(SS)形成较为明显的间隙泄漏涡(TLV),间隙泄漏涡的尺度随相对间隙值的增大而增大。     

半开式叶轮线性减小叶顶间隙气动性能分析

采用非结构化网格有限体积法和数值方法分析了线性减小叶顶间隙形式对半开式离心叶轮内部流场和气动性能的影响.首先在设计相对间隙下进行了不同流量工况数值分析,然后在设计流量下,分别针对7种从叶轮进口到叶轮出口间隙线性减小的半开式叶轮和7种从叶轮进口到出口等间隙的半开式叶轮进行了数值模拟.与等间隙形式相比.线性减小叶顶间隙形式对半开式离心叶轮的气动性能、泄漏流量、出口绝对气流角和叶轮出口损失的影响呈现出不同的规律.     

对旋轴流风机叶顶间隙对其性能的影响

为了探究改变对旋轴流风机两级叶轮的叶顶间隙对其性能的影响，建立不同叶顶间隙下风机三维模型，利用Fluent进行数值模拟，并结合风机性能试验验证仿真的正确性。分析压升、效率、轴功率、湍流动能和叶顶泄漏涡随两级叶轮叶顶间隙的变化情况，结果表明：在相同流量下，压升、效率随间隙的增大而减小；与第一级叶轮相比，间隙对第二级叶轮的轴功率、湍流动能及泄漏涡影响更加显著；随间隙增大，叶顶泄漏涡的强度和影响区域越大。     

叶顶间隙对离心叶轮性能影响的数值模拟

对5个不同叶顶间隙下离心叶轮通道中的流动情况进行了数值模拟,得到了不同间隙时叶轮的效率、压比随质量流量变化的性能曲线,分析了间隙对叶轮性能的影响。     

氟塑料离心泵性能预测及实验对比分析

以氟塑料离心泵IHF150-125-250为研究对象,运用流场计算软件FLUENT,对2种不同叶片形式叶轮氟塑料离心泵分别进行内部流场的数值模拟,同时在多功能水泵试验台上进行实验测试,将得到的外特性模拟预测数据与实验数据分别对比分析。结果表明,数值模拟的方法可以较好地对泵性能起到预测作用,改进后的扭曲叶片叶轮的氟塑料离心泵的性能优于现有的直叶片叶轮氟塑料离心泵。     

Tip clearance effect on through-flow and performance of a centrifugal compressor

Numerical simulations have been performed to investigate tip clearance effect on through-flow and performance of a centrifugal compressor which has the same configuration of impeller with six different tip clearances. Secondary flow and loss distribution have been surveyed to understand the flow mechanism due to the tip clearance. Tip leakage flow strongly interacts with mainstream flow and considerably changes the secondary flow and the loss distribution inside the impeller passage. A method has been described to quantitatively estimate the tip clearance effect on the performance drop and the efficiency drop. The tip clearance has caused specific work reduction and additional entropy generation. The former, which is called inviscid loss, is independent of any internal loss and the latter, which is called viscous loss, is dependent on every loss in the flow passage. Two components equally affected the performance drop as the tip clearances were small, while the efficiency drop was influenced by the viscous component alone. The additional entropy generation was modeled with all the kinetic energy of the tip leakage flow. Therefore, the present paper can provide how to quantitatively estimate the tip clearance effect on the performance and efficiency.     

Influence of tip clearance on pressure fluctuations in an axial flow pump

Rotor-stator interaction in axial pumps can produce pressure fluctuations and further vibrations even damage to the pump system in some extreme case. In this paper, the influence of tip clearance on pressure fluctuations in an axial flow water pump has been investigated by numerical method. Three-dimensional unsteady flow in the axial flow water pump has been simulated with different tip clearances between the impeller blade tip and the casing wall. In addition to monitoring pressure fluctuations at some typical points, a new method based on pressure statistics was proposed to determine pressure fluctuations at all grid nodes inside the whole pump. The comparison shows that the existence of impeller tip clearance magnifies the pressure fluctuations in the impeller region, from the hub to shroud. However, the effect on pressure fluctuation in the diffuser region is not evident. Furthermore, the tip clearance vortex has also been examined under different tip clearances.     

Centrifugal compressor tip clearance and impeller flow

Compressors consume a considerable portion of the electricity used in the industrial sector. Hence, improvements in compressor efficiency lead to energy savings and reduce environmental impacts. The efficiency of an unshrouded centrifugal compressor suffers from leakage flow over the blade tips. The effect of tip leakage flow on the passage flow differs between the full and splitter blade passages. In this study, the differences in the flow fields between the full and splitter blade passages were studied numerically in detail. An industrial high-speed compressor with a design pressure ratio of 1.78 was modelled. Numerical studies were conducted with six different tip clearances and three different diffuser widths. The results show that increasing tip clearance considerably increases the reversed flow into the impeller with an unpinched diffuser. The reversed flow then partly mixes into the flow in the same blade passage it entered the impeller and the rest migrates over the blade, mixing with the tip clearance flow. Furthermore, as the reversed and clearance flow mix into the wake, the wake is weakened. As pinch reduces both the reversed flow and clearance flow, the passage wakes are stronger with pinches. However, the pinch is beneficial as the losses at the impeller outlet decrease.

     

应用CFD数值模拟对离心通风机叶轮进行设计分析

以CFD理论为依据,借助Flo Works软件对离心通风机叶轮内部流场进行三维数值模拟。将数值模拟结果与试验结果对比,显示了数值模拟具有较好的准确性和可信度。     

基于NSGA-Ⅲ算法的低比转速离心泵多目标优化设计

为提高IJ125-100-400-00型低比转速离心泵的水力性能，采用基于参考点的非支配排序遗传算法（NSGA-Ⅲ）结合近似模型、数值模拟等方法对叶片进行了多目标优化。根据水力损失模型和灵敏度分析结果，选取叶轮出口宽度、叶轮出口直径以及叶轮出口角度3个参数作为设计变量; 使用拉丁超立方抽样随机生成了60组设计方案，针对非简化模型进行了数值模拟，得到了对应的外特性值，并建立了高效的BP神经网络近似模型；最终采用NSGA-Ⅲ算法对近似模型进行了多目标寻优，得到了最优设计变量组合。研究结果表明：初始模型的数值模拟结果与实验值具有很好的一致性，两者在额定工况下扬程的绝对误差小于2.14%，；BP神经网络拟合预测效果良好；优化后的离心泵水力效率提高了6.86%，扬程满足设计需求，泵内部流场明显改善。     

Evaluation of subgrid-scale models in large-eddy simulations of turbulent flow in a centrifugal pump impeller

The current research of large eddy simulation (LES) of turbulent flow in pumps mainly concentrates in applying conventional subgrid-scale (SGS) model to simulate turbulent flow, which aims at obtaining the flow field in pump. The selection of SGS model is usually not considered seriously, so the accuracy and efficiency of the simulation cannot be ensured. Three SGS models including Smagorinsky-Lilly model, dynamic Smagorinsky model and dynamic mixed model are comparably studied by using the commercial CFD code Fluent combined with its user define function. The simulations are performed for the turbulent flow in a centrifugal pump impeller. The simulation results indicate that the mean flows predicted by the three SGS models agree well with the experimental data obtained from the test that detailed measurements of the flow inside the rotating passages of a six-bladed shrouded centrifugal pump impeller performed using particle image velocimetry (PIV) and laser Doppler velocimetry (LDV). The comparable results show that dynamic mixed model gives the most accurate results for mean flow in the centrifugal pump impeller. The SGS stress of dynamic mixed model is decompose into the scale similar part and the eddy viscous part. The scale similar part of SGS stress plays a significant role in high curvature regions, such as the leading edge and training edge of pump blade. It is also found that the dynamic mixed model is more adaptive to compute turbulence in the pump impeller. The research results presented is useful to improve the computational accuracy and efficiency of LES for centrifugal pumps, and provide important reference for carrying out simulation in similar fluid machineries.