S355J2钢粗晶热影响区M-A组元对韧性影响的研究

通过热模拟试验研究了不同热输入条件下S355J2钢粗晶热影响区M-A组元的体积分数及形态对韧性的影响。试验结果表明,热循环峰值加热温度T_max一定,粗晶热影响区M-A组元的体积分数随冷却时间t_8/5的延长而增大,在t_8/5为60_s时M-A组元的体积分数增加的幅度最大;随着t_8/5的延长,M-A组元的形态由颗粒状向长条状和块状转变,在T_max较大、t_8/5较长时,M-A组元的形态将趋向于形成细长条状和块状;粗晶热影响区的韧性随M-A组元体积分数的增大而降低,细长条状和块状的M-A组元对韧性的影响最大     

M-A组元对石油储罐用钢粗晶热影响区韧性的影响

利用Gleeble-3800热模拟试验机模拟粗晶热影响区(CGHAZ)焊接热循环,研究了大热输入条件下不同石油储罐用钢的粗晶区组织、韧性及其变化规律.结果表明,各钢粗晶区组织均以贝氏体为主,但由于铁素体、粒状贝氏体等组织的比例差异,韧性差别较大.同时,随着M-A组元面积分数的增加,韧性也呈下降趋势,两者均为先降之后维持较低值.另外,M-A组元的形态等也对韧性有影响,块状M-A组元对韧性的损害大于条状M-A组元.考虑多种合金元素共同作用对M-A组元形成的综合影响,利用多元线性回归的方法对M-A组元面积分数做出了预测,对粗晶区韧性评判有一定实际意义.     

热模拟微钙C-Mn钢焊接热影响区的组织及其对韧性的影响

分别研究了微钙C-Mn钢中分布的弥散的热稳定的第二相CaO粒子对焊接热影响粗晶区(CGHAZ)奥氏体晶粒的细化效果和CGHAZ显微组织中的M-A组元对冲击韧性的影响.研究结果表明:热稳定的第二相CaO粒子对焊接CGHAZ奥氏体晶粒的细化效果显著;当冷却速度较快时M-A组元主要以长条状分布,使材料的韧性降低,当冷却速度慢时M-A组元为颗粒状CGHAZ韧性较低,当中等冷却速度时M-A组元由长条状向颗粒状过渡CGHAZ韧性较好.     

铝对大线能量焊接条件下HSLAA焊接热影响区粗晶区M-A组元及冲击韧性的影响

采用热模拟试验方法分析了HSLA在100 kJ/cm大线能量条件下添加不同铝元素(0.027％,0.038％,0.070％)对焊接热影响区粗晶区的M-A组元内部组织、含量的影响.通过透射电镜分析M-A组元的内部组织转变,发现铝元素可以促进M-A组元内部残余奥氏体的稳定性,减少M-A组元中马氏体的含量.M-A组元统计和低温冲击试验结果表明,添加铝元素能够有效减少焊接热影响区粗晶区中M-A组元的含量,含有较高铝元素的试样冲击吸收功明显提升且较为稳定.     

微钙钢焊后显微组织中的粒状贝氏体对韧性的影响

研究了焊接热模拟工艺参数t8/5对微钙钢焊接粗晶热影响区(CGHAZ)显微组织和冲击韧度的影响.利用Lepera试剂腐蚀法,采用光学金相显微镜、透射电子显微镜分析了不同t8/5条件下粒状贝氏体中MA组元的形态及分布特征.研究结果表明当冷却速度较快时,M-A组元主要以长条状、呈方向性分布;当冷却速度降低时,M-A组元逐渐变成颗粒状,并失去方向性;当t8/5＝40 s时,韧性较好.     

Q460耐候钢焊接粗晶热影响区中M-A组元及其对韧性的影响

利用模拟试验机对Q460耐候钢不同热输入条件下的焊接粗晶热影响区进行模拟,分析粗晶热影响区中显微组织及其中马氏体-奥氏体(M-A)组元的数量、形态、分布及大小对韧性的影响。结果表明,t8/5较小时,组织由板条贝氏体和粒状贝氏体构成,M-A组元尺寸较小;t8/5为100 s时,组织中板条贝氏体量逐渐减小,粒状贝氏体含量逐渐增多,M-A呈块状,尺寸变大,有效晶粒尺寸增加,韧性降低;当t8/5达到150~200 s时,即使组织粗大,M-A组元的量有所减少,出现部分残留奥氏体,韧性也会增加。     

铝对大线能量焊接条件下HSLA焊接热影响区粗晶区M-A组元及冲击韧性的影响

采用热模拟试验方法分析了HSLA在100 kJ/cm大线能量条件下添加不同铝元素(0.027%,0.038%0.070%)对焊接热影响区粗晶区的M-A组元内部组织、含量的影响。通过透射电镜分析M-A组元的内部组织转变,发现铝元素可以促进M-A组元内部残余奥氏体的稳定性,减少M-A组元中马氏体的含量。M-A组元统计和低温冲击试验结果表明添加铝元素能够有效减少焊接热影响区粗晶区中M-A组元的含量,含有较高铝元素的试样冲击吸收功明显提升且较为稳定。     

欧标低合金结构钢粗晶热影响区组织和韧性的热模拟研究

利用Gleeble-3500热模拟试验机模拟粗晶热影响区的焊接热循环,研究了热输入对欧标低合金结构钢粗晶热影响区晶粒长大、硬度及韧性和组织的影响。结果表明,随着峰值加热温度的提高和高温停留时间的延长,奥氏体晶粒将发生不同程度的长大,粗晶热影响区的最高硬度也逐渐提高;同时随着t_(8/5)的延长,粗晶热影响区的组织将由少量低碳马氏体、针状铁素体以及粒状贝氏体和大量块状铁素体组织,逐渐转化为大量侧板条贝氏体、粒状贝氏体以及粗大长条状M-A组元,甚至出现一定数量的上贝氏体,使得粗晶热影响区的低温冲击韧度急剧下降,由低温韧性断裂转化为低温脆性断裂。     

JGR610E大型油罐用钢焊接热影响区的显微结构分析

采用金相显微镜和透射电镜对油罐钢焊接热影响区的显微组织进行了研究。结果表明:粗晶区组织主要由粒状贝氏体和板条贝氏体组成,并存在一定数量的M-A岛;细晶区主要为块状和多边形铁素体组织。     

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粗晶区是焊接接头的薄弱环节.通过对X80管线钢进行热模拟、金相显微镜和透射电镜分析后表明,粗晶区的组织主要为板条束贝氏体和粒状贝氏体;X80管线钢焊接热影响区粗晶区冲击韧性较差,存在严重脆化,粗晶区脆化是由于晶粒的粗化以及M-A组元数量增多造成的;随着t8/5的增加,粗晶区的冲击韧性和硬度随之降低;峰值温度越高,X80级管线钢的组织越粗大、韧性越低;中间临界区是焊接热影响区中另外一个韧性较薄弱的区域.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.