IN718高温合金热腐蚀行为及其对力学性能的影响

研究了 IN718高温合金在650℃下的熔盐(75%Na2SO4 25%NaCl)热腐蚀行为及其对合金力学性能的影响.研究表明,IN718合金热腐蚀层分为两层,外层由Fe3O4,FeCr2O4和Cr2O3等氧化物组成,内层由Ni和Ni的硫化物组成.热腐蚀过程中S沿晶界快速扩散并在晶界形成硫化物.IN718合金在650℃,100 h浸盐热腐蚀预处理后,室温拉伸性能和650℃拉伸强度变化不大,合金在650℃拉伸塑性略微降低,但650℃,700 MPa持久性能显著降低,其主要原因是S降低晶界强度,同时外加应力提高腐蚀速率.     

CREEP RUPTURE BEHAVIOUR OF SALT-COATED SUPERALLOY GH37 IN A HOT ENVIRONMENT

本文研究了镍基形变高温合金GH37涂10％NaCl+90％Na_2SO_4混合盐后的蠕变断裂行为,并与空气环境进行了比较.试验结果表明,在700—850℃,196—510MPa试验条件下,涂盐使合金的蠕变寿命和塑性大幅度降低,但最小蠕变速率几乎不受影响;涂盐试样的蠕变激活能和应力敏感指数都与空气中相当,这说明热腐蚀并不改变合金的蠕变机制;在温度较高、应力较低(800℃、265MPa)时,晶粒越细则涂盐试样的蠕变寿命下降越严重;但在温度较低、应力很高(700℃、510MPa)时,晶粒尺寸适中的涂盐试样蠕变寿命最长.涂盐环境下蠕变寿命的降低是由于合金晶界受到贫Cr和硫化损害所致,贫Cr引起晶界上碳化物分解而降低晶界抗剪切强度.贫Cr和硫化导致晶界裂纹易于萌生并加速其扩展.     

涂盐热腐蚀环境中GH37合金的蠕变断裂

本文研究了镍基形变高温合金GH37涂10％NaCl+90％Na_2SO_4混合盐后的蠕变断裂行为,并与空气环境进行了比较.试验结果表明,在700—850℃,196—510MPa试验条件下,涂盐使合金的蠕变寿命和塑性大幅度降低,但最小蠕变速率几乎不受影响;涂盐试样的蠕变激活能和应力敏感指数都与空气中相当,这说明热腐蚀并不改变合金的蠕变机制;在温度较高、应力较低(800℃、265MPa)时,晶粒越细则涂盐试样的蠕变寿命下降越严重;但在温度较低、应力很高(700℃、510MPa)时,晶粒尺寸适中的涂盐试样蠕变寿命最长.涂盐环境下蠕变寿命的降低是由于合金晶界受到贫Cr和硫化损害所致,贫Cr引起晶界上碳化物分解而降低晶界抗剪切强度.贫Cr和硫化导致晶界裂纹易于萌生并加速其扩展.     

冶炼工艺对0Cr15Ni25WMoTi2NbAl合金力学性能的影响

研究了真空感应 电渣和非真空感应 电渣两种工艺冶炼的0Cr1 5Ni2 5WMoTi2NbAl合金的杂质元素含量、组织与性能。因真空感应冶炼过程中晶界偏聚元素Pb得到了有效挥发 ,减轻了晶界的弱化效应 ,因而该合金中高温塑性、持久强度均不同程度提高。随着中温形变速率的降低 (拉伸、大应力持久、小应力持久 ) ,两工艺合金的晶界弱化效应加剧。未发现两者的基本组织以及晶界沉淀相的种类、数量、形貌和分布有明显差异。     

η相对沉淀强化奥氏体合金持久性能的影响

研究了晶界η相(Ni3Ti)对沉淀强化奥氏体合金不同温度、应力下持久性能的影响。结果表明,晶界η相对合金持久性能影响较大。低温高应力下,晶界η相通过促进晶界处应力集中引起开裂,降低合金持久寿命及塑性;高温低应力下,η相通过阻碍晶界滑动及迁移,显著提高合金的持久塑性。     

INFLUENCE OF HIP ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF THREE Ni-BASE SUPERALLOYS

本文研究了热等静压处理对三种铸造镍基高温合金的持久性能、瞬时拉伸性能和低周疲劳性能的影响。结果表明,热等静压处理可以显著提高持久寿命和塑性,改善瞬时拉伸性能,延长低周疲劳寿命。     

热等静压处理对铸造镍基高温合金力学性能的影响

本文研究了热等静压处理对三种铸造镍基高温合金的持久性能、瞬时拉伸性能和低周疲劳性能的影响。结果表明,热等静压处理可以显著提高持久寿命和塑性,改善瞬时拉伸性能,延长低周疲劳寿命。     

微量元素B对高W、Cr镍基高温合金性能的影响

采用真空感应熔炼技术制备不同B含量的高W、Cr镍基高温合金,测定了合金的持久性能和力学性能,研究了B含量对合金的持久性能和拉伸力学性能的影响。采用SEM和XRD对合金进行了微观形貌观察和相组成分析。结果表明,铸态合金中存在大量的α-W相,热处理后合金中α-W相溶入基体,仅在晶界区域存在少量的α-W相。B可提高合金在980℃、83 MPa下的持久寿命。室温条件下,随B含量的增加,合金的抗拉强度降低,塑性提高。900℃条件下,随B含量的增加,合金的抗拉强度稍有提高。室温条件下B对晶界的强化作用要小于高温条件下的强化作用。     

AN INVESTIGATION OF THE DIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF A NICKEL-BASE SUPERALLOY

研究了定向凝固对一种高强度铸造镍基高温合金的组织和性能的影响,发现合金的低倍和显微组织与定向凝固速度及凝固后的冷却速度密切相关。定向凝固可以大幅度提高合金的塑性、热疲劳和中温持久性能,瞬时拉伸及高温持久性能也有显著改善。中温(～760℃)持久寿命的提高主要由于蠕变第二阶段的延长,而高温(～980℃)持久寿命提高主要是蠕变第三阶段延长的结果。定向凝固改善铸造镍基高温合金高温机械性能的主要原因是消除了垂直于应力轴的横向晶界;另一原因是获得〈100〉方向择优生长的柱状晶。高温固溶热处理可降低第二阶段的蠕变速率,延长这个阶段,从而进一步大幅度提高中温持久寿命。这主要归因于冷却析出的细小γ′相代替了铸态粗大γ′相。通过定向凝固及高温固溶处理可提高合金的中温(～760℃)持久寿命和延伸率达3—4倍,热疲劳性能达5倍。消除了横向晶界的定向凝固合金中,初生MC是蠕变及热疲劳裂纹的策源地。预计降低合金的碳含量从而减少MC数量将进一步改善合金的高温机械性能。     

定向凝固对一种高强度铸造镍基高温合金的组织和性能的影响

研究了定向凝固对一种高强度铸造镍基高温合金的组织和性能的影响,发现合金的低倍和显微组织与定向凝固速度及凝固后的冷却速度密切相关。定向凝固可以大幅度提高合金的塑性、热疲劳和中温持久性能,瞬时拉伸及高温持久性能也有显著改善。中温(～760℃)持久寿命的提高主要由于蠕变第二阶段的延长,而高温(～980℃)持久寿命提高主要是蠕变第三阶段延长的结果。定向凝固改善铸造镍基高温合金高温机械性能的主要原因是消除了垂直于应力轴的横向晶界;另一原因是获得〈100〉方向择优生长的柱状晶。高温固溶热处理可降低第二阶段的蠕变速率,延长这个阶段,从而进一步大幅度提高中温持久寿命。这主要归因于冷却析出的细小γ′相代替了铸态粗大γ′相。通过定向凝固及高温固溶处理可提高合金的中温(～760℃)持久寿命和延伸率达3—4倍,热疲劳性能达5倍。消除了横向晶界的定向凝固合金中,初生MC是蠕变及热疲劳裂纹的策源地。预计降低合金的碳含量从而减少MC数量将进一步改善合金的高温机械性能。     

ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGE OF CAST Ni-BASE SUPERALLOY K17

Rupture and tensile properties of K17 before and after thermal exposure in vacuum,air andhot corrosion environments have been investigated.The results show that vacuum exposure es-sentially does not affect the rupture lives but it results in the decrease of high temperature ten-sile strength and increases of rupture and high temperature tensile ductilities;air or hot corro-sion environmental exposure results in the degradation of alloy:severely reduce the ruptureand high temperature tensile properties,hot corrosion environmental exposure being moreharmful.The former causes grain boundary oxidation and depletion of Cr,and the latermakes the sulphurization at grain boundaries.This results in the concentration of S and de-pletion of Cr at grain boundaries and,consequently,weakens the grain boundaries.     

高温再热器SA-213TP347H钢管裂纹原因分析

通过结构分析、断口检查、硬度测试、抗拉试验、显微组织观察及能谱分析,对电厂高温再热器SA-213TP347H钢管进行裂纹原因分析。结果表明:高温再热器在运行中容易晃动,裂纹处于管夹挤压的凹坑;裂纹处管材的拉伸性能、硬度均符合ASME A213/A213M对SA-213TP347H钢的要求;显微组织为奥氏体和沿晶界分布的含Cr碳化物,裂纹是沿晶裂纹,由管外壁向管内扩展;裂纹处腐蚀产物均含有O、S等非金属元素。分析表明:产生裂纹的原因是由于管夹挤压管道,同时管道结构易晃动,增加了挤压变形处的应力,促进了含Cr碳化物沿晶界析出,形成贫Cr区而导致晶界弱化,并在腐蚀性介质的作用下,导致晶间应力腐蚀开裂。     

GH33合金在700℃SO_2/空气环境中受载时的热腐蚀

<正> 高温合金在含硫-氧环境中的行为已开始引起重视。已有的工作表明,单一地研究合金的高温腐蚀不能充分反映合金在使用条件下的行为和破坏倾向,必需了解在高温腐蚀环境和应力复合作用下的特性,才能为使用合金和研制新合金提供可靠的依据。本工作应用自制的可控制环境气氛的高温持久试验装置,以含SO_2的气氛为环境介质,研究了GH33合金在含硫氧化环境和外加应力的复合作用下产生的热腐蚀现象,并对其有关机理作了分析探讨。     

氮对高纯奥氏体不锈钢耐晶间腐蚀性能的影响

采用电化学、化学浸渍、俄歇电子能谱分析、物理化学相分析等方法研究了氮对高纯奥氏体不锈钢000Cr19Ni14耐敏化态晶间腐蚀和非敏化态晶间腐蚀性能的影响,并探讨了其作用机理.结果显示,高纯奥氏体不锈钢加氮合金化(≤0.20%)基本上消除敏化态晶间腐蚀,敏化处理不会引起晶界贫铬;当氮含量不超过0.087%时,对非敏化态晶间腐蚀影响很小,而超过0.087%时,由于在晶界氮元素的偏聚以及氮化铬的析出加速非敏化态晶间腐蚀.     

热腐蚀环境中高温合金的蠕变与断裂

研究了分别为轧制、普通铸造、定向凝固及单晶的6种高温合金在热腐蚀条件下的蠕变断裂性能.其中涉及到试验温度、晶粒尺寸、晶界状态等对性能的影响.探讨了蠕变应变与热腐蚀交互作用下,合金中所产生的灾害性侵蚀及断裂过程.     

Thermal stability and creep behavior of Ti–V–Cr burn-resistant alloys

The thermal stability and creep behavior of Ti–35V–15Cr (35V alloy) and Ti–25V–15Cr (25V alloy) burn-resistant titanium alloys are researched. The results show that post-exposure tensile properties deteriorated with the increase in exposure temperature (450–600 °C). The decrease in tensile properties of the 35V alloy results from the combination of surface oxidation and microstructural changes and the decrease in tensile properties of the 25V alloy results from surface oxidation. The main change of the microstructure during thermal exposure is the heterogeneous precipitation of α phase on β grain boundaries. Increased vanadium content in the alloy shows an adverse effect on alloys’ thermal stability. The creep resistance of the 35V alloy is little better that that of the 25V alloy. During creep exposure at 540 °C for 100 h, the heterogeneous precipitation of α phase on β grain boundaries in 35V alloy strengthens the grain boundary, leading to increases in the creep resistance, while the heterogeneous precipitation of α phase in grains and grain boundaries in the 25V alloy is rod-like, leading to decreases in the creep resistance.     

TMCP工艺对双相不锈钢2205厚板性能的影响

利用热轧机组轧制试验研究了热机械控制(TMCP)工艺及轧后辊道待温时间对双相不锈钢2205厚板综合性能的影响。结果表明,TMCP态与热轧退火态相比铁素体含量更高;抗拉强度和硬度提高较多;塑性、低温冲击韧性和耐点腐蚀性能相当。随着辊道待温时间的增加,铁素体含量不断减少,相界处锯齿状奥氏体增多并最终融合形成岛状奥氏体。同时材料的抗拉强度、硬度和冲击韧性先增大后减小,在150 s时达到最大;耐点腐蚀性能则逐渐下降。     

INTERGRANULAR CORROSION AND PHOSPHOR SEGREGATION AT GRAIN BOUNDAR1FS OF NON-SENSITIZED SUPERPURE AUSTENITIC STAINLESS STEEL 00Cr25Ni22Mo2N

The corrosion behaviour and mechanism of superpure austenitic stainless steel00Cr25Ni22Mo2N in urea processing environment was studied using metallography,SEM,TEM,SIMS and AES techniques.The results show that the gas extraction tube made ofnon-sensitized 00Cr25Ni22Mo2N steel suffered intergranular corrosion.Corrosive mediapenetrated not only into the tube wall through grain boundaries but also expanded from theboundary towards the interior of the grain.Neither depletion of Cr nor precipitates were foundat the grain boundaries.However,P(and Si)was segregated at the grain boundaries to a greatextent.Semiquantitative calculation indicates that the P content at the grain boundaries isabout 25 wt-%,three orders of magnitude higher than the content within the grain.Sugges-tion is made that the potential difference between the grain and its boundary due to the segre-gation results in the observed intergranular corrosion.     

微量Zr对铸造TiAl合金高温力学性能的影响

在Ti-47.5Al-2.5V-1.0Cr合金中添加0.2at.％Zr以研究微量Zr对铸造形成的定向层片组织高温力学性能的作用.结果表明,添加0.2at.％Zr显著提高了该合金的持久寿命,但未对其高温拉伸强度产生明显影响.根据两种合金持久试验前后组织对比观察的结果提出,添加微量Zr主要是通过增加定向层片组织的热稳定性而使其持久性能得以改善;另外,微量Zr减少了热等静压过程中等轴晶粒的析出,也有助于延长合金的持久寿命.     

Oxidation and hot corrosion behaviors of HVAF-sprayed conventional and nanostructured NiCrC coatings

The oxidation and hot corrosion behaviors of HVAF-sprayed conventional and nanostructured NiCrC coatings were studied. The oxidation experiment was conducted in air, and the hot corrosion was conducted in the Na₂SO₄–30%K₂SO₄ environment, in the temperature range of 550–750 °C for periods up to 160 h. The corrosion kinetics was tested with the thermogravimetric method. The corrosion products were characterized by scanning electron microscopy(SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and X-ray diffractometry (XRD). As indicated by the results, both types of coatings possess high corrosion resistance, especially the nanostructured NiCrC coating. The enhanced grain boundary diffusion in the nanostructured coating not only promotes the formation of a denser Cr₂O₃ scale with a higher rate, but also helps to mitigate the Cr depletion at the metal/scale interface. The less porosity of the nanostructured coating is also thought to be beneficial to the anti-corrosion properties.