压力袜穿着压力与人体生理舒适性研究

紧身袜已成为现代女性四季都流行穿着的服装,其穿着压迫的安全性和舒适性逐渐引起了人们的重视。从下肢受压迫时皮肤血流的变化来探讨压迫对人体的生理影响,选择长期从事站立工作的健康女教师为受试者,以小腿及脚踝为研究对象,通过受试者正常穿着不同压力值的压力袜的着装试验,比较穿着不同压力袜在不同的压迫下,对受压部位压力、皮肤血流的变化以及压感觉评价等的影响,为医疗实践提供理论的指导,也为紧身类服装的开发和研究提供科学依据。     

基于曲线特征青年女性下体躯干体形美研究

为找出影响女性下体躯干体形美的关键因素以及较美女性下体躯干体形的相关形态特征,采用曲线函数化方法表述女性下体躯干体形矢状面、冠状面和臀凸点水平面的曲线特征,并将其与女性下体躯干体形美的主观评价进行相关分析。结果表明,男性和女性对女性下体躯干体形美的判别趋势一致,但男性的评判标准要高于女性;较美女性下体躯干体形的特征为腰腹部较扁平、臀部较丰满上翘;较美女性下体体形量化值为矢状面视图中腰围平面到臀凸点平面的垂直距离与臀凸点平面到大腿根围平面的垂直距离比值为1.30∶1.00~2.00∶1.00,腰厚与臀厚的比值为1.00∶1.15~1.00∶1.30。该研究为后续束裤的设计提供了理论依据,并可作为评价束裤塑形作用的参考标准。     

针织塑身束裤的研究

以华歌尔、戴安芬、爱慕、古今4大品牌塑身束裤为例,分析产品的面料特点、款式设计重点和规格尺寸要求。归纳总结国内外学者对束裤的研究现状,包括服装压力的研究、服装压预测的研究、生理的研究以及合体性的研究,并提出根据我国女性下体体型特点选择束裤的方法,对束裤开发商和生产商了解本行业总体状况以及消费者的束裤购买作出指导性建议。     

胶原低聚肽改善皮肤水分的实验研究

研究了海洋鱼胶原低聚肽和透明质酸复配对改善女性皮肤水分的影响。选择年龄在30岁~50岁、皮肤水分≤12的女性,随机分为对照组和试验组,进行改善皮肤水分的实验。试验组每天口服试验样品2.5 g,连续30 d,对照组为空白对照组。试验前后检测血常规、生化指标等安全性指标和功能性指标—皮肤水分。胶原低聚肽和透明质酸复配对改善女性皮肤水分有显著作用,且对身体健康没有影响。试验组皮肤含水量的平均值由试验前的8.90±1.11提高到12.34±2.23。     

基于下肢体表测试的针织女跑步裤结构优化

以针织紧身女跑步裤为研究对象,基于女性下肢运动过程中肌肉群的特征分析,通过下肢体表测试试验,研究因人体运动引起的下肢皮肤伸缩变形。测量人体下肢在10种不同静态的动作姿态下皮肤的纵向和横向变化量,并分析下肢皮肤运动的变化趋势,进一步结合裤装结构设计原理,对针织女跑步裤的纸样结构进行优化设计,对跑步裤的设计具有一定的参考价值。     

人体动态数据与年轻女性慢跑裤结构设计的研究

从年轻女性慢跑时的腿部运动状态出发,使用三维人体扫描技术获取年轻女性慢跑时的腿部动态数据,分析人体跑步状态与静止站立情况下体表数据的差异以及腿部各重要部位的皮肤伸缩率,并对数据进行三维转二维的平面展开试验,结合紧身慢跑裤的结构特征和市场现状,提出3种慢跑裤分割线设计方案,为年轻女性慢跑裤的设计提供参考依据。     

基于混合水平正交试验的束裤设计参数优化

塑身内衣是通过包覆压力来对人体进行塑形,束裤的内部结构和面料组合同时影响着服装压力舒适性和塑形功能。文中通过混合水平正交试验对束裤进行内部细节设计参数优化。数据分析表明：对臀凸点高度和臀厚、臀宽影响最大的是提臀带的形状,对腹厚、臀厚影响最大的为臀围处松量;提臀带形状分割线应设置于臀围线与大腿根围线之间2/3处,里料一般要选择弹性模量较大的面料,将臀围的松量大部分设置于臀凸点处。研究结果可为束裤结构设计和面料选择提供依据,并且可以拓展应用到其他提臀紧身裤装。     

基于骑行动作骨骼肌仿真的女性下肢皮肤形变表征

为探究骑行运动时大腿部骨骼肌活动与皮肤形变规律,通过人体建模仿真系统对周期骑行运动中女下肢关节、骨骼、肌肉运动进行分析,选择周期骑行运动中5个关节、骨骼、肌肉变化临界点作为关键帧,并对关键帧形变后的大腿皮肤采用凝胶法拓印和图形软件方法计算面积,定性和定量两方面研究女性大腿各部位在骑行周期中大腿部皮肤形变规律。试验发现臀部区域的皮肤整体是拉伸变形,臀褶区域拉伸率达到58%;靠近腹股沟与腹股沟方向一致的斜向区域皮肤收缩逐渐增大,收缩率达到50%;大腿前部皮肤形变比大腿后部皮肤形变量小。研究结果可为骑行裤各分割区域具体守卫松量设计及面料选择提供理论参考。     

腹凸体型的束裤纸样设计研究

<正>束裤是补正内衣的一种,其主要功能是收腹提臀、修饰体型。本研究通过在人台上进行立裁得到的下肢紧身原型,应用到束裤基础纸样,通过多次在弹性面料上进行实验,得出束裤原型。以腹凸体型为例,进行束裤的纸样设计,来验     

针织束裤动态服装压的变化特征分析

采用日本AMI 3037气囊式压力测试系统,测定8名受试者在一系列运动负荷试验下的服装压,分析在自然站立、抬腿运动、弯腰、远步等姿势下,下体8个不同部位服装压的动态变化特征以及压力分布规律.通过多因素方差分析发现束裤类型和运动状态一起对服装压的影响不显著.但是不同运动状态对服装压的影响程度较大,束裤类型对动态服装压的影响程度相对较小,另外服装压的采样部位对服装压的影响有明显统计学意义.     

智能防寒手套温控系统设计及热舒适性研究

为保护工作人员的生命安全并提高冷接触环境下的作业效率,开发了一款智能防寒手套温控系统,利用织物冷接触测评装置分析冷接触过程中皮肤温度与加热片温度的变化,探究了控温方式、织物层数以及冷接触条件对智能防寒手套热舒适性的影响。结果表明：普通防寒手套和市面现有典型加热防寒手套未达到手部的保暖要求,所设计的智能防寒手套随着接触压力的增加,采用皮肤控温模式的智能防寒手套对应皮肤温度降低,但均可在不同接触温度和压力条件下使皮肤温度基本保持在舒适范围,达到安全舒适、操作方便、降低能耗的目的。     

Distinct locational differences observable in biophysical functions of the facial skin: with special emphasis on the poor functional properties of the stratum corneum of the perioral region

The face is composed of complicated anatomical components, presenting unique portions, such as the eyes, nose and mouth in a relatively narrow area. Moreover, the facial skin is densely populated by the pilosebaceous units and sweat glands, and its stratum corneum (SC) is much thinner than that of the trunk and limbs, although it is always exposed to the environment. Among various portions of the facial skin, some are more easily irritated than others by environmental stimuli, or are more often affected by certain dermatoses. However, the functional aspects of the different portions of the facial skin have not been studied in detail under a strictly controlled environment in sufficiently large numbers of subjects covering different age groups. Thus, we conducted studies in winter with various biophysical techniques, such as transepidermal water loss (TEWL), as a parameter for SC barrier function, high-frequency conductance as that for skin surface hydration state, skin surface lipids, pH, blood flow and skin surface temperature on the forehead, mid-portion of the cheek (cheek in short), nasal tip (nose in short), nasolabial fold and chin of 20 healthy Japanese females aged 22-37 years (average 25 years) in a climate chamber adjusted to 21 degrees C and 50% relative humidity. Thereafter, we studied the influence of ageing on these biophysical parameters by collecting data of TEWL, high-frequency conductance and size of superficial corneocytes on the cheek, nasolabial fold and chin of 303 healthy Japanese female volunteers of different ages. The obtained results showed that the barrier function of the SC was best on the cheek, presenting the lowest TEWL, which was significantly higher on the nasolabial fold and chin than on the cheek. TEWL showed a decrease with age. In contrast, skin hydration state was higher on the nose, but it tended to be lower on the nasolabial fold, showing a mild age-related increase. The corneocytes on the nasolabial fold and chin were smaller than those on the cheek. They revealed a clear increase in size with age. Skin surface lipids were richest on the nose, whereas the superficial pH on the nose was the lowest among the regions tested. The skin temperature was lowest on the cheek than on other areas of the face; although, together with the nose, its blood flow was higher than that of the others. These data indicate great regional differences observable in SC functions on the face. In general, the SC barrier function increases with age, probably because of a decreased epidermal turnover rate as recognized by the increase in corneocyte size. Among the various sites, the skin of the nasolabial fold and chin, whose SC consisted of the smallest corneocytes, showed poorest SC properties in barrier function, suggesting the presence of mild invisible inflammation. It is understandable that this area easily develops not only the complaint of sensitive skin to cosmetics but also dermatitis because of various external agents.     

玉米皮中亚油酸超临界CO2萃取技术的研究

采用超临界CO2选择性萃取技术从玉米皮中提取亚油酸(LA)。对影响LA提取率的主要因素压力、温度、时间及CO2流量进行研究和分析,并利用气相色谱法(GC)对玉米皮亚油酸(CSLA)进行定性定量分析。通过正交试验优化萃取工艺条件,当萃取压力25MPa,萃取温度35℃,萃取时间90min,CO2流量25L/h时萃取效果最好,此时LA提取率为3.41g/100g玉米皮。     

高密度CO_2处理提取鲵皮胶原蛋白的工艺优化

为研究高密度CO_2(dense phase carbon dioxide,DPCD)前处理对鲵皮胶原蛋白提取率的影响,以冻干鲵皮为原料,采用DPCD对鲵皮进行前处理,酶法提取鲵皮胶原蛋白,设计单因素试验和响应面试验,以胶原蛋白提取率为评价指标,优化DPCD处理鲵皮的工艺条件。结果表明,DPCD处理鲵皮的最适温度32℃、压强30 MPa、时间6 h;在该处理条件下,模型预测鲵皮胶原蛋白的提取率为39.70%,验证值为(39.48±0.74)%,无显著性差异(P0.05);与原料未经DPCD处理胶原蛋白提取率((20.63±0.46)%)相比,提取率提高了18.85%;微观结构显示,鲵皮经DPCD处理后的组织疏松、胶束纤维有规则排列被破坏并呈现多孔状态;电泳图谱显示鲵皮经DPCD处理后,胶原蛋白保持典型的Ⅰ型胶原蛋白结构特征。DPCD处理鲵皮,在保持鲵皮胶原蛋白结构特征的同时,显著提高了胶原蛋白提取率。     

鮰鱼皮明胶ACE抑制肽降血压活性的研究

鮰鱼皮为斑点叉尾鮰鱼片加工的主要副产物,利用鮰鱼皮明胶制备降血压肽(ACE抑制肽)可为鮰鱼皮的高值化利用提供参考。本文通过对原发性高血压大鼠(SHR)进行一次性及长期给药(28 d)实验,研究鮰鱼皮明胶ACE抑制肽(Mr3000 Da)的降血压作用,并测定大鼠血清和肺组织中的ACE活性和Ang II含量。实验结果表明:一次性给药和长期灌胃给药鮰鱼皮明胶ACE抑制肽均对SHR大鼠有显著降血压作用,降血压效果呈剂量依赖性;高剂量组SHR大鼠灌胃给药2 h后,其收缩压由206 mmHg降至159 mmHg;高剂量组SHR大鼠经长期灌胃给药10 d后,血压一直保持在155 mmHg左右;同时,鮰鱼皮明胶ACE抑制肽对正常血压大鼠的降血压作用不显著。鮰鱼皮明胶ACE抑制肽对SHR大鼠血清和肺组织中的ACE活性有显著的抑制作用,从而使大鼠血清和肺组织中Ang II含量显著降低,而对正常血压的SD大鼠的血清和肺组织中ACE活性和Ang II含量影响不显著。     

花生焙炒过程中红衣对毛油品质影响的研究

将花生进行3种不同加工方式的处理(包裹红衣焙炒,焙炒后脱除红衣,脱除红衣后焙炒)后提取花生毛油,对所提取的花生毛油进行品质分析,以研究花生红衣脱除与否以及红衣脱除和焙炒的顺序对花生毛油品质的影响。结果表明:随着焙炒温度升高、焙炒时间延长,花生毛油色泽逐渐加深;花生红衣对花生毛油的色泽未造成影响;包裹红衣焙炒组具有最高的酸败风险;相同焙炒条件下,花生毛油的脂肪酸、反式脂肪酸和甘油三酯组成都无明显差异;花生毛油的脂肪酸组成、反式亚麻酸含量、甘油三酯组成均不受焙炒温度和焙炒时间变化的影响,花生毛油反式油酸、反式亚油酸含量和反式脂肪酸总量则随焙炒温度升高、焙炒时间的延长呈现攀升趋势。     

膜分离技术在纯化花生衣中原花色素

以花生衣的原花色素提取液为原料,研究不同孔径的膜组件(NF-500、HPS-1、PS-5、PS-10)纯化原花色素提取液的效果。确定最佳纯化效果的膜组件,以及其不同操作压力、操作温度对纯化花生衣中原花色素得率和纯度的影响。结果表明：最佳纯化膜组件为HPS-1 超滤组件,其操作压力0.54MPa,操作温度25℃,在此条件下,原花色素得率13.3%、纯度85.8%。     

Influence of skin cleansing preparation acidity on skin surface properties

Two long-term trials were conducted each over eight weeks to compare the effect of the regular application of skin cleansing preparations of pH 5.5 and pH 8.5 and pH 5.5 and pH 7.0 respectively on the surface pH, roughness and transepidermal water loss (TEWL) of normal human forehead and forearm skin. Both trials were based on a cross-over design: five healthy volunteers started with a pH 5.5 preparation and switched to the other after four weeks, five additional volunteers used the preparations in the opposite order. While the skin surface pH was markedly lower in those individuals using the pH 5.5 preparation at each examination, as compared to those using the pH 8.5 or pH 7.0 preparation, no such difference could be established with respect to skin roughness and TEWL. Hence the skin irritancy of a cleansing preparation does not seem to be linked to its pH within the pH ranges tested.     

动物皮纤维织态结构对收缩温度的影响

收缩温度是胶原纤维耐湿热稳定性的特征物理参数。对山羊皮和猪皮不同部位的收缩温度进行了系统测量,并将其值与各部位胶原纤维的编织结构相关联进行了比较。结果显示,动物皮不同部位的收缩温度存在一定差异。纤维编织结构差异越大,收缩温度差异越大;纤维编织越致密,纤维束越粗大,收缩温度越高。     

Study of surfactant-skin interactions by skin impedance measurements

The stratum corneum (SC) plays a very critical physiological role as skin barrier in regulating water loss through the skin and protects the body from a wide range of physical and chemical exogenous insults. Surfactant-containing formulations can induce skin damage and irritation owing to surfactant absorption and penetration. It is generally accepted that reduction in skin barrier properties occurs only after surfactants have penetrated/permeated into the skin barrier. To mitigate the harshness of surfactant-based cleansing products, penetration/permeation of surfactants should be reduced. Skin impedance measurements have been taken in vitro on porcine skin using vertical Franz diffusion cells to investigate the impact of surfactants, temperature and pH on skin barrier integrity. These skin impedance results demonstrate excellent correlation with other published methods for assessing skin damage and irritation from different surfactant chemistry, concentration, pH, time of exposure and temperature. This study demonstrates that skin impedance can be utilized as a routine approach to screen surfactant-containing formulations for their propensity to compromise the skin barrier and hence likely lead to skin irritation.