针织束裤动态服装压的变化特征分析

采用日本AMI 3037气囊式压力测试系统,测定8名受试者在一系列运动负荷试验下的服装压,分析在自然站立、抬腿运动、弯腰、远步等姿势下,下体8个不同部位服装压的动态变化特征以及压力分布规律.通过多因素方差分析发现束裤类型和运动状态一起对服装压的影响不显著.但是不同运动状态对服装压的影响程度较大,束裤类型对动态服装压的影响程度相对较小,另外服装压的采样部位对服装压的影响有明显统计学意义.     

气囊式压迫止血功能作训裤设计

针对在现代战场中下肢创伤出血需要更加快速便捷的战伤救治的需求,依据气囊充气加压原理设计了一款气囊式作训裤。首先对气囊与下肢进行仿真模拟,对气囊的压迫效果进行检验分析;然后为作训裤止血部位设置3种不同设计方案,并与常用止血带的止血效果进行主客观实验对比,最后利用层次分析法(AHP)对主客观实验的测量值进行分析。结果表明：从目标层的综合权重来看,参考旋压式止血带原理设计的作训裤方案权重最高,在具有压迫效果的同时,在舒适性和时间测量等其他方面性能最好,可为战伤止血装备的设计提供参考。     

基于下肢皮肤形变的跑步压缩裤的分区设计与应用

为了探讨动态运动状态下跑步压缩裤对皮肤形变的影响,选取5名健康男性业余跑步运动员,通过体表描线实验法,测量其在前迈、落地和后摆3个关键动作下的下肢皮肤形变,基于实验结果,设计制作了压缩裤样品,并进行了穿着舒适性的主观评价。结果表明:不同姿势下皮肤的横向变化量在整体上相差不大,形变率在-4%～8%之间;纵向上皮肤变化量在臀部和腿部的变化明显,特别是膝盖部位的拉伸形变最为显著,达30%以上;压缩裤的分区设计能够给运动员提供良好的舒适性和体验感。     

压缩裤对人体生理和运动的影响研究

探究压缩裤对人体生理和运动表现的影响,测试不同品牌压缩裤产品穿着时的压力分布。监测6名受试者穿着压缩裤在跑步过程中的肌电值,并记录主观心理感觉,分析压缩裤的运动功效。结合压力与跑步运动试验发现,测得压力最大的是腓肠肌与胫前肌处,也是跑步时平均肌电值最高、跑步后较易感到酸痛的部位,证明压缩裤的压力分布符合运动者需求。结果表明,压缩裤呈现从小腿到大腿的梯度递减压力分布,具有减缓人体肌肉振动的功效,能够有效帮助人体运动,减少运动对身体带来的伤害。     

滑雪压缩裤局部压力对男子下肢疲劳的影响

探究滑雪压缩裤局部压力对下肢发力部位肌肉疲劳的影响,筛选5名有滑雪经历的18～25岁健康男性为试验对象,利用服装压力测试仪和表面肌电测试系统,分别采集不同压力着装条件下滑雪时目标肌肉位置压力、表面肌电信号和主观疲劳指标。研究表明：频域指标MF的斜率值可作为客观评价指标对局部肌肉疲劳进行表征;整体高压着装下,局部服装压对滑雪运动中疲劳客观指标有显著影响;滑雪裤局部压力对下肢肌肉疲劳具有正向延缓作用,作用效果因位置不同存在差异,臀大肌效果最显著,大腿肌群效果优于小腿肌群。该研究对优化滑雪裤压力分区、提高国内滑雪服装研发水平具有一定参考意义。     

针织塑身束裤的研究

以华歌尔、戴安芬、爱慕、古今4大品牌塑身束裤为例,分析产品的面料特点、款式设计重点和规格尺寸要求。归纳总结国内外学者对束裤的研究现状,包括服装压力的研究、服装压预测的研究、生理的研究以及合体性的研究,并提出根据我国女性下体体型特点选择束裤的方法,对束裤开发商和生产商了解本行业总体状况以及消费者的束裤购买作出指导性建议。     

基于混合水平正交试验的束裤设计参数优化

塑身内衣是通过包覆压力来对人体进行塑形,束裤的内部结构和面料组合同时影响着服装压力舒适性和塑形功能。文中通过混合水平正交试验对束裤进行内部细节设计参数优化。数据分析表明：对臀凸点高度和臀厚、臀宽影响最大的是提臀带的形状,对腹厚、臀厚影响最大的为臀围处松量;提臀带形状分割线应设置于臀围线与大腿根围线之间2/3处,里料一般要选择弹性模量较大的面料,将臀围的松量大部分设置于臀凸点处。研究结果可为束裤结构设计和面料选择提供依据,并且可以拓展应用到其他提臀紧身裤装。     

下肢各部位的压迫对皮肤血流量的影响

下肢各部位的压迫对皮肤血流量的影响──对贴身护腿裤袜的设计指导著者；川秀子诸晴美北村和诸英雄阎玉秀译袁观洛校一、序言近年来市场上销售的裤袜，大都标明有护腿作用。所谓护腿系指具有体现脚部优美的线条，防止疲劳及减轻寒冷感等作用，即具有既美观又舒适的功效二...     

柒牌犀牛褶男裤 一裤风行

刚刚在中国国际服装服饰博览会上掀起“时尚中华”旋风的知名服装企业柒牌，又在市场上刮起了另一场飕风：近来其强势推出的防皱专家Supercrease犀牛褶男裤，在所谓的服装销售淡季引发了一股抢购风潮，再一次佐证了“只有厂家的淡季，没有产品的淡季”这一说法。     

高压微射流处理对鸭血血细胞的影响

本实验以鸭血血细胞为对象,研究高压微射流处理对血细胞破胞及粒度的影响,结果表明高压微射流处理对促进血细胞破胞溶血、降低血红蛋白平均粒径效果很好;80MPa下处理一次,血细胞溶血率可达100％;增大处理压力和处理次数,血红蛋白粒度逐渐下降,160Mpa处理三次后,血红蛋白平均粒径变为382．7nm。     

服装压力测试研究

介绍了一种新型的采用Flexiforce传感器用于弹性织物服装压力的测量系统。该系统集数据采集、存储、分析、显示等功能为一体，可以实现多点数据采集、实时记录、分析数据等多种功能。该服装压力测试系统为压力舒适性的客观评定提供了依据和基础。     

服装压力测试研究

介绍了一种新型的采用Flexiforce传感器用于弹性织物服装压力的测量系统。该系统集数据采集、存储、分析、显示等功能为一体,可以实现多点数据采集、实时记录、分析数据等多种功能。该服装压力测试系统为压力舒适性的客观评定提供了依据和基础。     

High‐pressure recovery of anthocyanins from grape skin pomace (Vitis vinifera cv. Teran) at moderate temperature

The objective was to evaluate the influences of the high hydrostatic pressure extraction parameters on the recovery of anthocyanins from the grape skin pomace extracts (Vitis vinifera cv. Teran) under moderate temperatures. Studied parameters were: solvents (methanol and ethanol); solvent concentrations (30, 50, and 70%); pressures (300, 400, and 500 MPa); times (3, 6.5, 10 min); and temperatures (22, 26, 30 °C). Predominant anthocyanins in all extracts were malvidins (malvidin‐3‐glucoside as the main compound) representing 55.77% of overall anthocyanin content. The type of solvent did not significantly influence anthocyanin extraction yield, while decreased solvent concentration (increased solvent‐to‐water ratio) significantly improved extraction of anthocyanins. Increase of pressure enhanced extraction yield of the anthocyanins but temperature showed stronger impact on the anthocyanins recovery. This investigation evidenced that the best conditions for HHPE of anthocyanins from grape pomace were extraction time 3.39 min, extraction temperature 29.48 °C, pressure 268.44 MPa and solvent concentration 70%.

Practical applications

Due to increased interest for the use of cheap winery byproducts as a source of expensive polyphenols for functional food production, skins from grape pomace became valuable raw material. Therefore, there is a need to evaluate the influence of HHPE innovative extraction technology on its nutritive value during processing. Optimizing parameters for polyphenolic recovery from grape pomace is directly related with nutritional value and economics of food engineering during industrial processing. Obtained results showed that the HHPE under lower temperatures is suitable for the extraction process of anthocyanins from grape skin pomace, but more research is needed to identify other food‐grade solvents with their corresponding concentrations that are useful for the extraction assisted with high hydrostatic pressure.     

Effect of lying behavior on uterine blood flow in cows during the third trimester of gestation

Seven Holstein cows (BW = 639.4 +/- 28.8 kg, age = 62.6 +/- 6.9 mo, parity = 3.1 +/- 0.4 yr) (mean +/- SE) were used to measure uterine blood flow using a transit time ultrasonic flow meter. Ultrasonic flow probes were implanted (d 218 +/- 4 of gestation) around both uterine arteries (n = 3) or the gravid uterine artery (n = 4) to measure variations in uterine blood flow through this vessel in response to postural change (standing and lying). Implantation of the ultrasonic blood flow probe was successful in all 7 cows. Uterine blood flow was measured for 22.9, 23.1, and 21.4 h/d on d 226, 248, and 269 of gestation, respectively. Cows exhibited normal durations of gestation (272.8 +/- 1.6 d), gave birth to normal healthy calves (birth weight = 41.5 +/- 3.0 kg), and did not retain their placenta. Uterine blood flow to the gravid horn during lying was greater than during standing on d 226 (standing vs. lying, 8.04 vs. 8.79 L/min, respectively), d 248 (9.87 vs. 11.06 L/min), and d 269 (8.15 vs. 9.74 L/min) of gestation. Cows spent nearly 50% of their time lying during our observations at all gestational ages. Greater blood supply to the gravid uterus was observed during lying than during standing in this study.     

Effect of high-hydrostatic pressure and temperature on rheological characteristics of glycomacropeptide

The influences of high pressure and temperature on the rheological characteristics of glycomacropeptide (GMP) were studied using a controlled rate rheometer. GMP dispersions at a concentration of 12.5% (w/w) were subjected to high pressure from 100 to 400 MPa for 30 min and temperature from 20 to 80 degrees C for 15 min followed by rheological measurements at a shear rate ranged between 0 and 200 s-1. Shear stress-shear rate data of both pressure and heat induced GMP samples fitted Herschel-Bulkley model well with yield stress. It exhibited shear-thinning behavior with flow behavior index ranged between 0.882 and 0.996. Consistency coefficient and apparent viscosity increased with pressure up to 300 MPa while those parameters decreased at 400 MPa. The rheology of GMP was influenced by temperature. The consistency coefficient and apparent viscosity at 100 s-1 obeyed the Arrhenius relationship with activation energies ranged between 8.17 to 12.38 kJ/mol. Lower activation energy signified lesser molecular aggregation or unfolding of protein molecules during thermal treatment of GMP.     

A new method for skin care product evaluation based on the laser Doppler imaging technique

Laser Doppler perfusion imaging was used to assess the vasoactive effect of a cosmetic product on a cutaneous inflammation model: erythema induced by methyl nicotinate. Measurements were carried out on ten healthy volunteers after a rest in an environmental controlled room, and trials were performed on the ventral surface of the forearms. Recordings of cutaneous perfusion were made every 10 min after application of the vasodilator. The decrease in the highest value of perfusion on the test site was significantly higher with the cosmetic compared to the control site 30 min after its application. Fifty minutes after application, the difference between the test and control sites was 53%.     

口服牛磺酸对人群异常血压的影响

主要探讨牛磺酸对人群异常血压(包括高血压和低血压)是否具有双向调节的作用。从对在校大学生血压筛查的基础上,选出了40名血压异常的志愿者(高/低血压患者各20名)采用随机双盲对照的方法,分别服用牛磺酸(每日4g)及安慰剂胶囊,服用4周后进行相关复查。无论是在高血压人群还是在低血压人群,牛磺酸都呈现出向下调节血压的趋势,其中,干预组的SBP和对照组相比差异有显著性(P<0.05)。结论认为口服牛磺酸对异常血压可能都具有向下调节的作用,其现象和机理值得进一步探究。     

Skin irritancy testing of toiletries and cosmetics on novel human models

A brief review of new techniques of assessing skin irritancy is presented. Some of the difficulties of assessing minor degrees of irritancy are discussed. Nouvelles méthodes pour l'évaluation sur l'être humain du pouvoir irritant des produits cosmetiques at d'hygiene     

Glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) increases small intestinal blood flow and mucosal growth in ruminating calves

Glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) increases small intestinal mass and blood flow in nonruminants but its effect in ruminants is unknown. Eight Holstein calves with an ultrasonic flow probe around the superior mesenteric artery and catheters in the carotid artery and mesenteric vein were paired by age and randomly assigned to treatment of a control (0.5% of BSA in saline; n = 4) or GLP-2 (50 μg/kg of body weight of bovine GLP-2 in BSA; n = 4) given subcutaneously every 12 h for 10 d. Blood flow was measured on d 0 (acute) and d 10 (chronic) and included 3 periods: baseline (saline infusion), treatment (infusion of BSA or 1,000 pmol of GLP-2/kg of body weight per h), and recovery (saline infusion). On d 11, calves were killed 2 h after injection of 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine (BrdU). Gastrointestinal tissues were weighed and epithelial samples were obtained to determine villus height, crypt depth, and BrdU staining. Infusion of GLP-2 increased superior mesenteric artery blood flow to 175% of baseline on d 0 but to only 137% of baseline after chronic treatment. Compared with that of the control, GLP-2 increased small intestinal mass by 24% by increasing epithelial mass in the jejunum and ileum. Additionally, GLP-2 increased villus height, crypt depth, and BrdU-labeling in small intestinal segments. These results demonstrate that GLP-2 induces similar increases in small intestinal blood flow and growth in ruminants to those observed in nonruminants. Furthermore, GLP-2 increases small intestinal blood flow in ruminants but this response is attenuated after 10 d of GLP-2 administration. In cattle, GLP-2 may be an important hormone in the regulation of intestinal blood flow and epithelial growth.