PSA变压吸附技术制氢影响因素及优化措施

本文介绍了变压吸附工作原理,并分析了影响变压吸附的主要因素,认为吸附时间与吸附压力是影响变压吸附最主要的因素;同时,在变压吸附操作中应尽量提高吸附压力、降低解吸压力、延长吸附时间、降低产品纯度,以提高氢气回收率进而提高装置的经济效益。     

清洗步骤对PSA制氧性能的影响

自20世纪70年代以来,分子筛吸附性能的提高促进了变压吸附(PSA)制氧的迅猛发展,使其在医疗保健、隧道施工、煤化工、高炉冶炼和航空机载制氧等领域发挥了重要的作用,制氧规模也趋于多样化,从微型便携制氧机到大型工业制氧机。制氧机性能的发挥除与吸附器结构有关外,还受到吸     

变压吸附提纯氢气及其影响因素的分析

在分析变压吸附提纯氢气及其影响因素的过程中,主要研究变压吸附原理和整个吸附过程,从而确定影响变压吸附的相关因素。研究显示,吸附时间和吸附压力对变压提纯氢气具有一定的影响,变压吸附提纯氢气在操作的过程中会提升吸附力,这样就可以有效地减小吸附压力,延长吸附时间,既可以降低氢气的纯度,也能增强氢气的回收率,进而创造更高的经济效益。     

变压吸附提氢装置氢收率低的原因分析及改进措施

针对陕西陕化煤化工集团有限公司100 kt/a 1,4-丁二醇项目变压吸附提氢装置运行过程中存在的原料气消耗较高、解吸气量较大、产品氢收率低等问题,分析影响变压吸附提氢装置氢收率的主要因素,通过采取降低原料氢气混合气中CO、CO_2与其他杂质含量和延长吸附时间等工艺优化调整措施,以及在变压吸附提氢装置下游新增尾气压缩装置回收变压吸附提氢装置解吸气等优化改造措施后,实现了变压吸附提氢装置氢收率的提升,确保了变压吸附提氢装置的高效、稳定、经济运行。     

变压吸附技术在合成氨中的工艺研究及其优化设计

由于变压吸附技术在化工领域生产中的众多优点,使用变压吸附技术实现脱碳在合成氨的生产中也逐渐得到广泛应用,本文在分析了变压吸附技术的基本原理和目前常用的变压吸附脱碳技术的基础上,重点针对变压吸附技术在合成氨生产过程中的气体损失问题给出了解决的措施,同时从工艺流程角度对变压吸附工艺进行了优化设计,分析了工艺参数对变压吸附工艺成品气的影响规律,对于变压吸附技术的进一步推广和优化应用有一定的借鉴意义。     

浅析氢气的变压吸附回收精制

分析讨论了变压吸附分离技术的操作原理和八塔式循环周期的步骤,以及影响分子筛使用寿命的几点因素,对变压吸附操作有着重要的指导意义。     

变压吸附技术在合成氨行业的应用和发展

变压吸附技术在工业应用领域中具有关键的战略地位,特别是在大型合成氨产业中起到了关键的作用。文章中,笔者重点阐述了变压吸附技术的基本原理和特性,以及变压吸附技术在合成氨产业中的应用情况与发展趋势,剖析了变压吸附技术在合成氨工业生产过程中的气体损失,并论述了怎样优化变压吸附工艺技术,以促进变压吸附技术在合成氨产业中的应用与发展。     

变压吸附制氮机组运行总结

变压吸附空分制氮技术以洁净的压缩空气为原料,利用焦炭分子筛吸附其中的氧气成分,从而制得高纯度的氮气。介绍了变压吸附制氮机组的工作原理、影响氮气纯度的因素以及运行状况。     

数值模拟和优化变压吸附流程研究进展

有效的变压吸附数值模拟和优化能够替代耗资耗时的变压吸附模化实验研究,并对新型变压吸附流程进行快速地评估。本文概述了数值模拟和优化变压吸附流程中涉及的偏微分和代数方程组,比较了一维、二维以及三维模型在描述变压吸附流程中的应用。简介了模拟变压吸附流程的数值方法,对模拟中相邻步骤边界条件的切换方式、偏微分方程组的离散形式和离散方法进行了评述。阐述了国内外变压吸附流程优化的研究进展,对优化中涉及的循环稳态定义方法、最优化算法进行了比较和分析。列举了国内外模拟和优化变压吸附在制氧、制氢、二氧化碳捕集等方面的研究实例和相关变压吸附优化的商业化软件,指出数值模拟和优化变压吸附流程目前面临的问题和未来发展的前景。     

活性炭对CO_2的吸附与解吸研究进展

本文介绍了工业上CO2的主要来源及应用,以及工业上分离、回收CO2的常用方法。同时介绍了活性炭在变压吸附分离气体领域的应用,以及变压吸附过程中吸附剂再生的常用方法。详细综述了活性炭的孔结构、表面化学结构等因素对CO2的吸附及解吸性能影响的研究进展。     

组合型填料与焦炭填料塔中餐厅污水氧传递研究

本文分别以焦炭和自行开发的新型组合填料为塔内构件，对清水和餐厅污水中的氧传递特征进行了分析和实验研究，纯氧和空气供氧实验结果证实氧传递过程为液膜控制；通过实验测定了清水和餐厅污水在组合型填料和焦碳填料塔中曝气过程溶解氧的变化规律，从实验结果回归得到了上述填料塔内清水与餐厅污水氧转移系数计算关联式，计算值与实测值吻合较好；最后，对相同操作条件下焦炭与组合型填料在清水与餐厅污水中的氧转移系数进行了比较。     

Dynamic and local gas holdup studies in external loop recirculating airlift reactor with two rolls of fiberglass packing using electrical resistance tomography

BACKGROUND: Airlift bioreactors have been used extensively in biotechnology industries in recent years in a variety of arrangements and applications. The insertion of packing inside the bioreactors has the potential to provide high productivity within a compact size through utilizing immobilized species. RESULTS: A novel recirculating external loop airlift bioreactor that has two rolls of fiberglass packing and a gas distributor in between was designed and built. Electrical resistance tomography (ERT) images showed that the gas holdup increased after installing the packing and the gas distributor. Gas holdup in the riser increased with decreasing static liquid height in the bioreactor. This decreased the liquid superficial velocity, which contributed to a higher gas holdup in the bioreactor. Results also showed that riser gas holdup varied slightly with different sparger configurations. Higher gas holdup increases the oxygen mass transfer rate by increasing the residence time and interfacial mass transfer area. CONCLUSION: ERT results showed that fiberglass packing with an installed gas distributor in bioreactors can achieve higher gas holdup at higher superficial gas velocity. This can contribute to improved conversion in bioreactors with packing through utilizing higher biomass concentrations and higher oxygen concentration. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry     

国产脉冲填料性能研究

在直径为262 mm有机玻璃塔内,用空气一水体系对国产50 mm陶瓷脉冲填料进行了流体力学性能的测试,得出了干、湿填料压降,载、泛点气速关联式。以Na_2SO_3溶液在钻离子催化下用空气氧化法测定了液相传质系数和有效表面,并对有效表面、载点气速提出了新的关联式。试验结果表明,国产脉冲填料与西德产脉冲填料一样,具有良好的流体力学性能和传质性能。     

Factors affecting production of nonaqueous peracetic acid in tubular packed reactors

The synthesis of nonaqueous peracetic acid in acetone by acetaldehyde oxidation was carried out in a tubular packed reactor. The influencing factors of the reacting system including packing material, oxygen carrier, and reactor configuration were investigated. The results show that porous materials are inappropriate for peracetic acid synthesis and only non porous material with appropriate surface area can provide good peracetic acid selectivity and yield. Among the six kinds of packing material investigated, SA-5118 is the best one. As oxidizing gas, pure oxygen is superior to air. The optimum length-to-inner diameter ratio of the reactor is about 40. Under the proper reaction conditions, the highest peracetic acid yield of 84.15% and the highest selectivity of 93.34% can be achieved which indicates that the novel reacting system is effective and economical for nonaqueous peracetic acid production.     

新型板网填料传质性能的研究

在５００ｍ ｍ 冷模实验塔内对２５０ Ｙ 型填料进行氧解吸试验,结果表明三层板网复合填料的分离效率明显高于单层板网填料,尤其在液气比低的工况下,效率可以倍增,和广泛应用的金属 Ｍｅｌｌａｐａｃ填料相比,板网复合填料的分离效率能高３０％ 左右。     

Factors affecting production of nonaqueous peracetic acid in tubular packed reactors

The synthesis of nonaqueous peracetic acid in acetone by acetaldehyde oxidation was carried out in a tubular packed reactor. The influencing factors of the reacting system including packing material, oxygen carrier, and reactor configuration were investigated. The results show that porous materials are inappropriate for peracetic acid synthesis and only non porous material with appropriate surface area can provide good peracetic acid selectivity and yield. Among the six kinds of packing material investigated, SA-5118 is the best one. As oxidizing gas, pure oxygen is superior to air. The optimum length-to-inner diameter ratio of the reactor is about 40. Under the proper reaction conditions, the highest peracetic acid yield of 84.15% and the highest selectivity of 93.34% can be achieved which indicates that the novel reacting system is effective and economical for nonaqueous peracetic acid production.     

Effects of surface active agents on hydrodynamics and mass transfer characteristics in a split-cylinder airlift bioreactor with packed bed

The effects of three types of surface active agents (containing SDS, HCTBr and Tween 40) with various concentrations (0–5 ppm) on the hydrodynamic and oxygen mass transfer characteristics in a split-cylinder airlift bioreactor with and without packing were investigated. It was observed that in the surfactant solutions, surface tension of the liquid decreased and smaller bubbles were produced in comparison with pure water. So, surfactants presence strongly enhanced mixing time and gas hold-up although oxygen mass transfer coefficient and the liquid circulation velocity reduced. Furthermore, the packing installation enhanced the overall gas–liquid volumetric mass transfer coefficient by increasing flow turbulency and Reynolds number compared to an unpacked column. The packing increased gas hold-up and decreased bubbles size and liquid circulation velocity.     

规整填料单元内流场的三维LDV测量

引言 近二三十年,规整填料已广泛应用于反应、分离和混合等各类化工设备中,但对于规整填料内部流体流动规律的深入研究目前仍比较缺乏.以气液传质设备为例,规整填料塔内流体的流动分布会直接影响塔的传质性能,因此,国内外很多研究机构在这方面做了大量的研究,但绝大部分研究集中在宏观流动模型的建立及其实验验证方面[1-5].     

复合板网填料性能研究

对一种新型的金属复合板网填料进行了研究,它是由三层板网贴合为复合基材后加工成波纹填料。在500冷模实验塔内对250Y型填料的测试结果表明复合板网填料具有显著的性能优势。三层复合板网填料的压降比常用的金属板波纹填料低60%以上,通量大20%～40%。氧解吸实验结果表明三层复合板网填料的分离效率明显高于单层板网填料,尤其在液气比低的工况下,效率可以倍增,和广泛应用的金属Mellapac填料相比,复合板网填料的分离效率能高30%左右。     

共轭环翅填料的流体力学与传质性能

以正犁削金属表面翅成形技术加工出共轭环翅填料,用富氧水解吸方法测定了38 mm铝材共轭环翅填料的流体力学和传质性能,并在相同喷淋密度和气速条件下,与同尺寸光滑表面的共轭环填料进行比较。结果表示,共轭环翅填料的单位填料高度压降比普通共轭环填料平均增加15.2%,而传质单元高度则平均降低18.3%;在中等喷淋密度60 m3/(m2.h)以下,共轭环翅填料具有较好的综合性能。