DZ40M合金钎焊接头组织与性能

采用Co-Cr-Ni系钎料在不同的钎焊工艺下对DZ40M定向凝固合金进行了真空钎焊试验,通过扫描电镜、波谱/能谱分析仪和X射线衍射仪对钎焊接头进行了微观组织观察和典型物相成分分析,测试了接头的高温持久寿命和高温拉伸强度.结果表明,钎焊接头主要由近缝区、扩散反应区和钎缝中心区组成,近缝区含有较少的化合物,扩散反应区由钴基固溶体、硼化物和碳化物构成,钎缝中心区则由大量的钴基固溶体、白色和灰色硼化物骨架以及少量的深色条块状或骨架状碳化物等构成;在1180℃/30 min钎焊工艺下接头980℃/83 MPa持久寿命最高,平均值达到18 h 10 min,900℃高温拉伸性能均超过母材技术标准规定的305 MPa.     

镍基单晶高温合金钎焊接头的微观组织与性能

采用一种含B，Si的镍基合金钎料钎焊CMSX-4单晶高温合金，利用SEM，EPMA分析接头的微观组织与相组成，探究降熔元素B和Si的扩散机制及接头形成机理. 结果表明，不同间隙焊缝的微观组织相似，相组成相同，但随着间隙的增加，焊缝中的硼化物析出相增多，同时出现微孔等缺陷；对于相同焊缝间隙的接头，随着保温时间的延长，焊缝中的硼化物相的平均尺寸在一定程度上增大，且分布更加集中，母材与焊缝间的界面连接层厚度增加. 钎焊过程中，B元素集中分布于焊缝中心区，与Cr，W，Mo等元素反应，形成脆性硼化物相M₃B₂，B元素未向母材中扩散，近焊缝区中未见硼化物相析出；Si元素不仅在焊缝中心区形成镍硅化物相，也向母材中扩散，在近焊缝区形成含Si元素的镍基固溶体. 对不同焊缝间隙与保温时间的单晶钎焊接头在980 ℃/100 MPa条件下进行持久性能测试. 结果表明，单晶钎焊接头的持久寿命随着焊缝间隙的增加而降低，随保温时间的延长而升高，但当保温时间延长至30 min以上时，接头持久寿命没有显著增加.     

Ni_3Al基合金IC6与变形合金GH3030间真空钎焊接头的组织与力学性能

将两种Ni基钎料ВПР24和GHL-6-2用于IC6合金与变形高温合金GH3030之间的真空钎焊,分析接头钎缝和近缝区母材的微观组织,测试接头的900℃高温持久寿命,并对断口纵剖面微观组织进行分析。结果表明:ВПР24对近缝区母材组织没有明显的影响;GHL-6-2中降熔元素B含量较高,导致钎缝两侧近缝区母材析出大量针状硼化物相,严重影响了接头组织及性能,其900℃、22 MPa持久寿命仅73 h;而使用ВПР24的接头的900℃、22 MPa持久寿命为361 h,并最终断于母材GH3030,可见,使用ВПР24的接头钎缝处的持久性能比GH3030基体合金的更好。     

第二代单晶高温合金DD6高性能钎焊接头的组织及力学性能

采用新设计的镍基钎料在1220℃、30 min条件下钎焊了第二代单晶高温合金DD6,分析了不同钎缝间隙(0.05、0.10和0.15 mm)对接头组织和性能的影响.结果表明,新镍基钎料获得的DD6高温合金钎焊接头的钎缝基体为与DD6母材相似的γ+γ′双相组织.随钎缝间隙的增大,脆性硼化物相逐渐增多,且由断续条状转变成粗大的鱼骨状;在0.15 mm间隙内预填FGH95高温合金粉末后,鱼骨状硼化物相变得细小、弥散.当钎缝间隙由0.05 mm增至0.10 mm,内部γ+γ′双相组织更细小,且钎缝中γ′相强化元素Al、Ti、Ta的总量高,对接头起到了良好的强化作用,钎焊接头在980℃的高温拉伸强度为694 MPa.按DD6母材标准热处理制度对钎缝间隙为0.10 mm的钎焊接头进行焊后时效处理,钎缝基体组织中的γ+γ′双相组织形貌得到有效调控,γ′立方化程度增加,接头在980℃的高温拉伸强度为807 MPa,与DD6母材自身的强度相当.     

K417G合金粉末冶金修复接头组织与力学性能分析

针对低压涡轮导向叶片材料K417G合金开展粉末冶金修复技术研究,分析测试钎焊接头组织与高温拉伸性能和高温持久性能. 结果表明,K417G合金可以采用粉末冶金钎焊技术进行裂纹修复,钎焊接头主要由镍基固溶体和少量块状骨架状的富Cr,W的硼化物组成,钎焊接头成形良好,焊料润湿铺展充分,冶金组织为致密等轴晶. K417G合金粉末冶金钎焊修复接头900 ℃高温抗拉强度达到母材同等强度的75%;接头900 ℃高温持久性能在焊缝占比100%的条件下,达到母材的70%;焊缝占比50%的接头900 ℃高温持久性能与母材相当.     

K452合金钎焊接头组织与性能

采用钴基钎料及镍基合金粉料,在1 170℃保温60 min的钎焊工艺下,对K452镍基铸造高温合金进行了45°坡口对接试样真空钎焊实验,通过扫描电镜和能谱分析仪分析了接头显微组织观察与物相,并进行了钎焊接头的高温性能测试。实验结果表明,钎焊接头界面结合良好,钎缝组织主要以固溶体为主,钎料组织填充于镍基合金粉颗粒间并存在小块状白色化合物,细小颗粒状化合物弥散分布于合金粉填料颗粒内部;钎焊接头900℃抗拉强度达到400 MPa,900℃/100 MPa持久寿命为133 h37 min。     

扩散处理对镍基高温合金大间隙钎焊接头组织和性能的影响

采用含有Nb、Al、Ti的镍基钎料钎焊大间隙K465镍基高温合金,研究扩散处理对接头组织和性能的影响。结果表明,钎焊状态下K465镍基高温合金大间隙接头组织由γ+γ′相,块状γ′相及硼化物、硅化物及硼碳、硅碳复合化合物构成,液相扩散处理有利于元素扩散,明显改善接头组织性能,固相扩散接头组织性能改善不明显。     

GH4738/GH3536异种高温合金钎焊接头的组织与性能

采用BNi-2镍基钎料对GH4738和GH3536异种高温合金在1 040℃×10 min条件下进行真空钎焊,通过扫描电子显微镜和能谱仪分析了钎焊接头的微观组织及物相组成,并测试了钎焊接头的高温强度。结果表明,钎缝与母材界面结合良好,且钎缝组织致密。在钎焊接头观察到3个特征组织区域,分别为元素扩散区、等温凝固区和非等温凝固区。等温凝固区由镍基固溶体组成,而非等温凝固区除了镍基固溶体外,还存在大量的Ni3Si相及少量的富含Cr,Mo的硼化物。在730℃高温条件下,钎焊接头抗拉强度为259 MPa。在拉伸过程中,钎焊接头沿非等温凝固区开裂,而Ni3Si及硼化物等脆性相内部形成的微裂纹促进了钎焊接头的断裂。     

K480镍基高温合金钎焊接头组织与性能

采用Ni-Nb-W-Co-Cr-Al钎料对K480高温合金进行真空钎焊,通过扫描电镜和能谱分析研究了钎焊接头微观组织和钎焊保温时间对微观组织的影响,通过拉伸试验机研究了钎焊接头高温拉伸性能的变化规律。结果表明,在1 220℃×15 min镍基钎料可与高温合金粉末发生冶金反应生成致密完整的钎焊接头。钎焊接头主要由高温合金粉末颗粒、γ+γ′共晶相、含Si硼化物相和富Nb的Ni₃Si相组成。与此同时,钎料中的Nb, W等元素向母材发生扩散生成（Nb, Ti）C和（Mo, W,Cr, Ni）₃B₂相。随着钎焊保温时间延长,合金粉末颗粒不断长大,接头中脆性化合物总量减少,含Si的硼化物逐渐由块状、条状转变为骨架状（Mo, W,Cr, Ni）₃B₂相,保温时间超过1 h,接头内出现大尺寸孔洞缺陷。保温时间为15 min时可获得最佳的接头性能,980℃高温拉伸强度为585 MPa,达到母材性能的90%以上。保温时间超过1 h后,钎焊接头高温拉伸性能出现下降趋势,其原因主要是由于（Mo, W,...     

硬质合金与高温合金钎焊界面组织与极端工况下的力学性能

随着现代工业的急速发展,常规硬质合金与钢钎焊工具逐渐难以满足复杂极端工作环境的需求,针对此问题,研究了不同钎焊温度(860℃~950℃)对AgCuNiMn钎料真空钎焊YG6X硬质合金与GH4169高温合金钎焊接头微观组织的影响,测试了860℃~950℃焊接温度下试样在常温与理论工作温度227℃下的抗拉强度,并测试了860℃焊接温度下试样的深低温(-238℃)抗拉强度。钎缝微观组织主要由Ag基固溶体与Cu基固溶体组成,随着钎焊温度的升高,钎缝中心区Cu基固溶体的数量逐渐减少,钎缝间隙逐渐变窄,两侧界面处Cu基固溶体反应层逐渐变厚,一定程度上提高了钎料与母材的界面结合强度,但同时也使得钎缝处残余应力增加。钎缝在常温下的抗拉强度呈现先升高后降低的趋势,在890℃~950℃焊接温度区间,227℃的拉伸试验温度对接头抗拉强度基本没有影响,在钎焊温度为890℃时,平均拉伸强度达到最高值为715.3 MPa。在860℃焊接温度下,接头的平均抗拉强度表现为-238℃拉伸强度(474.8 MPa)>常温拉伸强度(430.2 MPa)>227℃拉伸强度(278 MPa),深低温环境下接头的抗拉强度相较于常温下提高了约10%;由于860℃焊接温度相对较低,钎料与母材溶解与扩散程度较低,导致钎料在227℃下发生软化,抗拉强度急剧下降。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.