Increase in internal friction in uranium with change in temperature

On the basis of the previously described increase in internal friction in uranium during heating, a semiquantitative evaluation was made of the dependence of increase in internal friction on the rate of heating, frequency and amplitude of vibrations. The results of the calculations agree satisfactorily with data obtained experimentally. A study was made of the effect of the initial state of the specimen on the increase in internal friction at the initial stages of heating.     

广东省进出口食品中的放射性检验

报道了广东省商检中心放射性检验室开展的广东进出口食品中的放射性检验工作。介绍了检验工作采用仪器的主要性能及应用；给出了分析测量方法和探测下限以及实验的质量保证措施，并给出了检验室测量的广东省几种食品中的放射性含量范围，测量结果与我国食品中放射性活度变化范围大体一致。     

微机在核物理实验应用中的抗干扰问题

本文简单介绍了计算机在核物理技术应用中的各种噪声，并初步探讨了抑制噪声的方法。     

Tritium concentrations in precipitation in Shanghai

Beamline BL17 U1 at Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility is an energy-tunable macromolecular crystallography beamline that has been in user operation since 2009. Growing demand from the user community for a small beam and related experimental methods have motivated upgrades of the devices in the endstation.Minibeam modes have already been developed for operation. A self-integrated diffractometer reduces the sphere of confusion of the rotatory axis to 1μm. The new diffractometer is equipped with an upgraded on-axis viewing system that can improve the resolving power. Additionally,the area detector was also upgraded to the newest generation of detectors, the EIGER X 16 M, which can collect data at 133 Hz. After these upgrades, the endstation became virtually new. This paper covers the upgrade of the endstation devices and gives the first data collection results.     

2010年的美国铀矿业

2010年,美国铀矿总共施工7 209个钻孔,总进尺1 493 520 m;生产铀1 628.55t;铀矿业总支出费用为2.773亿美元,其中铀矿地勘费支出为3 450万美元,占铀矿业总费用的12.44％.铀矿地勘钻探费用为4 460万美元,占铀矿业总费用的16.08％.     

我国东南沿海城市地下建筑氡浓度分布

为了解东南沿海城市地下建筑氡浓度的分布，用固体核径迹法(SSNTD’s)，分别在春、夏、冬3季对沿海7城市地下建筑室内氡浓度进行调查。结果表明，福州具有最高的平均氡浓度，上海的平均氡浓度最低。季节的变化对地下建筑室内氡浓度有影响，各城市氡浓度平均值夏季最高、冬季最低。各城市夏季氡浓度与该城市的年均值的比值与城市中各测点氡浓度之间的离散度有一定的相关性。夏季地下建筑室内氡浓度高的城市，它的平均氡浓度受某些具有高氡水平测点的影响大。     

Plutonium use in nuclear power in Russia

Conclusions The following concept of plutonium utilization based on the evolutionary development of the traditional technology in our country arises: The main problem of any short-term program of dealing with plutonium must be solved — reliable and safe storage of separated energy plutonium and freed weapons plutonium before utilization in reactors. Plutonium (mainly energy plutonium) is utilized primarily in BN-800 fast reactors and the development of technology using weapons plutonium in BN-600 reactors starts. In the future attention should be focused on nuclear-power centers patterned after the Industrial Association “Mayak” (RT-1 plant, Complex 300, BN-800) with reliable nonproliferation of weapons plutonium. It is extremely important to speed up work on the completion of Complex 300: This work must be completed before BN-800 is ready. In the future efforts must be concentrated on the following: development and implementation, in BN-800, of an economically more efficient plutonium-burning core; the possibility of building light-water reactors with the required degree of safety for effective plutonium utilization must be justified (including a “cold” core based on cermet fuel); and, development and implementation of technology for a safe and an ecologically acceptable closed nuclear fuel cycle based on plutonium and²³³U with burnout of Am, Np, and Cm. Ministry of Atomic Energy of the Russian Federation. Institute of Physics and Power Engineering. A. A. Bochvar All-Union Scientific-Research Institute of Standardization in Machine Building. Special Design Office for Machines. Translated from Atomnaya énergiya, Vol. 76, No. 4, pp. 326–332, April, 1994.     

秦山核电厂放射源管理经验

秦山核电厂对放射源管理有一套系统的制度，从原的申购，入库，保管，使用，报废，到存入专门的废物库这一全过程实施了严格的控制管理，保证了放射源的安全。本文介绍了秦山核电厂在放射源管理的制度建设，保管使用，监督检查和过程控制等方面的经验。     

Fusion Safety Studies in Russia in 1996

The paper seeks to provide a summary report of observations and results of some Russian fusion safety studies performed in 1996. Release of tritium and helium from neutron irradiated beryllium at relatively high neutron fluences has a burst nature. With the growth of the beryllium temperature-increase rate to 90 K/s, the temperature of tritium burst release decreases from 800 to 450–500°C and for helium decreases from 1200 to 500°C. Characterization of carbon and tungsten dust produced in experiments simulating plasma disruptions revealed that dust particle distribution of sizes for graphites and carbon fiber composites has a bimodal nature with maxima in the range of 0.01–0.03 and 2–4 m for composite UAM and in the range of 0.14–0.18 and 2–4 m for graphite MPG-8. Chemical reactivity of beryllium with air was studied as well. A mathematical model for beryllium weight gain under its chemical interaction with air at temperatures of 700–800°C as a function of beryllium porosity, temperature, and interaction duration was developed.     

Trends in computational intelligence in nuclear engineering

Several changes to the focus of Computational Intelligence in Nuclear Engineering have occurred in the past few years. With earlier activities focusing on the development of condition monitoring and diagnostic techniques for current nuclear power plants, recent activities have focused on the implementation of those methods and the development of methods for next generation plants and space reactors. These advanced techniques are expected to become increasingly important as current generation nuclear power plants have their licenses extended to 60 years and next generation reactors are being designed to operate for extended fuel cycles (up to 25 years), with less operator oversight, and especially for nuclear plants operating in severe environments such as space or ice-bound locations.     

1995-2009年我国部分地区饮用水放射性水平监测

报道1995-2009年,我国29个省(市、自治区)的自来水、井水和泉水水样放射性核素活度浓度的监测结果.监测结果表明,饮用水中放射性核素U、Th、226Ra、40K、90Sr、137Cs活度浓度与参考值相比,均处于正常范围内;总α、总β浓度低于有关标准限值.     

大气放射性气溶胶连续监测最小可探测活度浓度研究

介绍了大流量空气采样器用于北京地区大气放射性气溶胶进行连续监测的情况,给出了大流量空气采样器用于大气放射性气溶胶进行连续监测最小可探测活度、最小可探测活度浓度的计算方法,并且分析了几种典型人工核素的最小可探测活度浓度以及影响最小可探测活度浓度的因素。     

Intelligent soft computing in nuclear engineering in Brazil

Nuclear reactor design and operation often involve important human cognition and decisions. Design optimization, transient diagnosis and core reload optimization, are examples of complex tasks faced during a nuclear reactor design or operation. In order to handle such kind of tasks expert knowledge is required. Due to the complexity involved in the cognition and decisions to be taken, computerized systems have been intensely explored in order to aid design and operation. Following hardware advances, soft computing has been improved and, nowadays, intelligent technologies, such as evolutionary programming, neural networks, expert systems and fuzzy systems are being used to support design and operation. This work presents applications of intelligent Soft Computing (ISC) to three important cognition problems which are: the nuclear reactor design, the core reload optimization and transient diagnosis.     

List of Scientific Publication in Chinese in 2017

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10Be annual fallout in rains in India

The ¹⁰Be concentrations of annual rainfall collections during 1979–1981, at eight stations in India, ranged from 0.43 × 10⁷ to 8.48 × 10⁷ atoms/l and the corresponding ¹⁰Be fallouts are in the range of 0.31 × 10 ⁶ to 2.73 × 10⁶ atoms cm^?2 a^?1. The estimated ¹⁰Be global fallout based on the presently available data is 1.55 × 10⁷ atoms^?2 a^?1 or 5 × 10^?2 atoms cm^?2 s^?1. Most of the measured rates of fallout and deep sea deposition of ¹⁰Be are a factor of 2–3 lower than the present estimate.