Measurement of Cold Neutron Spectrum with Liquid Mirror Reflection

Making use of the wavelength dependency of the critical angle for the total reflection of neutrons, the possibility of determining the energy spectrum of cold neutrons by means of a liquid mirror is examined. A carbon tetrachloride mirror, combined with a pair of fine slits, are used for the measurement of the angular distribution of the reflection intensity of beryllium filtered neutrons. For determining the correction required to account for non-reflected neutrons detected by the counter, the direct beam component is measured by disturbing the liquid mirror surface with small ripples generated by an ultrasonic vibrator submerged in the liquid, and the value obtained with this clouded mirror is subtracted from that determined with the clear undisturbed liquid mirror. The experimental results qualitatively show good agreement with those obtained with a helical-slot neutron velocity selector, and further reveal even better resolution than possible with the latter method, in the cold neutron energy region.     

通道电子倍增器的性能研究

本文介绍用电子和正电子束流测试单通道电子倍增器的高压坪曲线、脉冲幅度分布和效率曲线;还用电子束流测试了阈电压和坪起始电压随电子能量的变化、增益随工作电压的变化、脉冲幅度与电子能量的关系、脉冲幅度和计数率随束流强度以及本底随工作电压的变化关系。     

银粉的辐射清洁制备

采用辐射还原法制备纯净的银粉,期待通过改变反应条件制备出不同形貌的银粉,以满足实际应用中的各种要求。在常温常压氮气环境下,以草酸银为银源,水为介质,利用电子加速器辐照的方法制备银粉。通过扫描电镜和X射线衍射仪对银粉进行表征。结果表明,改变反应体系的pH值、吸收剂量和结构诱导剂的种类,可以制备出颗粒状、棒状、片状等不同形貌的银粉。在吸收剂量4 MGy、pH=6时,以CS005或CSH100为诱导剂,能得到长5~10mm,直径约2mm的棒状纯净银粉;以CS005和BTA为诱导剂,得到四边形的片状银粉;以CSH100和PEO200为诱导剂,得到三角形和多边形混杂的片状银粉。在总剂量4MGy、pH=9时,以CS005为诱导剂,得到粒径约20 nm的类球形纳米银粉;以CSH100为诱导剂,得到粒径约100 nm的片状混杂银粉。在总剂量8 MGy、pH=9时,以CS005或CSH100为诱导剂,得到粒径约100 nm的片状混杂银粉。     

基于光滑粒子与有限元耦合算法的放射性废液运输容器跌落分析

基于光滑粒子和有限元耦合算法,利用显式动力学分析软件LS-DYNA,对装载放射性废液的车载式废树脂接收装置在三种不同跌落方式下的跌落冲击过程进行了数值分析。以装置水平跌落为典型算例,对其在跌落过程中所受的动态激励、装置的压力变化和装置的应力状态进行了分析。结果表明,光滑粒子和有限元耦合算法对于解决装载放射性废液的运输容器在跌落冲击过程中流固耦合问题是有效的。同时,基于有限元分析结果,提出了一种按照RCC-M《压水堆核岛机械设备设计和建造规则》等规范对放射性物质运输容器跌落冲击过程进行应力强度评定的方法,并依据该方法对装置的结构强度进行了评定,结果显示装置在三种不同跌落方式下的应力强度均满足要求。     

U-10Mo/Al-Si固体扩散行为

采用扩散偶方法研究U-10Mo合金与Al-xSi(x＝0，1，2，5，7，9，质量分数)合金的固体扩散行为。实验在真空热压炉中完成，退火温度为555、570、580、590和595℃，时间为5～10h。实验结果表明：退火条件对扩散行为有显著影响，580℃是U-10Mo/Al-xSi扩散行为的重要分界点；当温度低于580℃热压退火处理时，扩散层厚度随Si含量的增加先急剧减小然后缓慢增大；当温度高于580℃时，扩散层的厚度随Si含量的增加而增加。Si含量较高(≥2%)的扩散偶扩散层厚度比低Si含量的小，扩散层呈3层结构，靠近Al-Si侧出现贫Si区。成分分析显示：Si含量较高的扩散偶，靠近U-Mo侧的扩散薄层中出现Si的富集，其成分为(U，Mo)(Al，Si)_x (x≤3)；靠近Al-Si合金侧的扩散层成分为(U，Mo)(Al，Si)_x (x＞3)。     

Atomic-Oxygen Beam Source with Compact ECR Plasma

An atomic-Oxygen beam source with compact ECR plasma was succesfully investigated.the microwave was produced and transmitted in a coaxial mode,and coupled with the loop ,The plasma was produced as a higher asymmetry magnetic mirror field,and neutralized with the molybdenum target at a lower asymmetry magnetic mirror field.The magnetic field was constituted with permanent magnets.this source has a higher flux density of stom beam, a lower operating pressure ,a smaller power consumption and low-cost.When it was installed at the equipment to study the interaction of the beam with the surface,the operation was carried out very easily and with a good stability.     

棒束定位格架两相CFD模拟方法研究

考虑气泡合并分裂,采用MUSIG模型,对3×3格架内空气-水两相分布进行计算流体力学(CFD)数值模拟研究发现,计算对入口两相分布预计不敏感,但对气泡直径大小敏感;在定位格架下游不远处,空泡份额分布由较小直径气泡起主导作用,格架下游较远处,空泡份额分布由较大直径气泡起主导作用。考虑空气-水两相流量、几何条件和压力对气泡直径的影响,本文提出针对棒束定位格架的数值模拟气泡最大直径设置关系式,并对模型选取和模拟方法给出建议。计算表明空泡份额分布曲线形状与峰值均和实验符合较好,该模拟方法能合理预测复杂通道两相数值分布。     

Numerical study of equilibrium solutions for axisymmetric plasmas with toroidal flow obtained using Solovev approach

Solovev approach of finding equilibrium solutions, which was extended to include the vacuum solutions provided by Zheng, Wooton, and Solano, was found extremely useful for the purpose of shaping studies. Its extension to toroidal equilibria with a general plasma flow was examined theoretically in a companion paper by Chu, Hu and Guo. The only meaningful extension was found for plasmas with a pure toroidal rotation and with a constant Mach number. A set of functions {SOLOVEV_ZWSm} was obtained which fixed location of the magnetic axis for equilibria with quasi-constant current density profile, with toroidal flow at constant Mach number and with specific heat capacity 1. The set {Solovev_ZWSm} should have complete shaping capability for plasma shapes with positive curvature at the boundary; but not for plasmas with negative curvature boundary points, i.e. the doublets or bean shaped tokamaks. We report here extensive numerical studies showing the shaping capability of {Solovev_ZWSm} for plasmas with pure toroidal rotations, including the change in topology of the solution when the rotation mach number changes. Included plasma topology are the sphere (spheromaks); and the tokamaks (including the doublets).     

γ射线照射人肝细胞对BMP信号通路相关基因表达的影响

利用实时荧光定量PCR技术对人肝细胞株受不同剂量(0.1、0.2、0.5、1.0、2.0、4.0 Gy)⁶⁰Co γ射线照后不同时间点(6、12、24 h)的骨形成蛋白(BMP)信号通路相关基因表达的剂量和时间效应关系进行研究。结果显示,不同剂量照后不同时间点,BMP信号通路相关基因骨形成蛋白2(BMP2)、骨形成蛋白7(BMP7)、骨形成蛋白受体1A(BMPR1A)、骨形成蛋白受体1B(BMPR1B)、骨形成蛋白受体2(BMPR2)的溶解曲线均为单峰,均为特异性扩增产物。在不同照射剂量点BMP2的表达水平与照后时间呈正相关;BMP7在0.1、0.2、0.5 Gy的表达水平与照后时间呈负相关,在照后12和24 h的表达水平与照射剂量呈正相关;BMPR1A在0.1、0.2、1.0 Gy的表达水平与照后时间呈正相关;BMPR1B在0.2、0.5、1.0 Gy的表达水平与照后时间呈正相关,在4.0 Gy的表达水平与照后时间呈负相关;BMPR2在照后12 h的表达水平与照射剂量呈负相关。     

2-甲基1，4-萘醌激发三重态与核酸反应的电子自旋共振自旋消减法研究

应用电子自旋共振（Electron spin resonance，ESR）自旋消减法，研究了内源性光敏剂2-甲基-1，4萘醌（VK3）的激发三重态（^3VK3^＊）与核酸及其组分的反应性顺序，得到。VK3^＊与四个核苷及四个单核苷酸的反应性顺序为Gua〉Ade〉Cyt〉Thy，dGMP〉dAMP〉dCMP〉TMP。结果与早前采用激光光解瞬态吸收光谱研究^3VK3^＊氧化DNA，测得的DNA及其组分阳离子自由基生成速率常数、核苷及核苷酸的氧化还原电位排序相一致。对^3VK3^＊与几种富含鸟嘌呤（G）的寡聚核苷酸：端粒DNA重复序列、端粒酶RNA亚基模版及其L6-P6发夹序列反应的ESR自旋消减法研究结果表明，其反应性大小与寡聚物中鸟嘌呤含量正相关，其中与端粒DNA的反应性最强。     

60Co辐照接枝甲基丙烯酸甲酯对竹材力学性能的影响

为研究辐照接枝对竹材力学性能影响,使用60Coγ射线,控制辐照剂量为60-220 kGy,对浸渍甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)单体的毛竹生材和炭化材进行辐射接枝改性.结果显示:浸渍单体的毛竹生材,经180 kGy辐照后,其基本密度、抗弯强度和抗弯弹性模量较原材分别提高了6.7％、4.4％和28％;径向、弦向、体积干缩率分别降...     

Influence of the Gas Mixture Ratio on the Correlations Between the Excimer XeCl Emission and the Sealed Gas Temperature in DIelectric Barrier Discharge Lamps

For dielectric barrier discharge lamps filled with various gas mixture ratios,the correlations between the excimer XeCl emission and the sealed gas temperature have been founded,and a qualitative explication is presented.For gas mixture with chlorine larger than 3%,the emission intensity increases with the sealed gas temperature,while with chlorine about 2%,the emission intensity decreases with the increase in the gas temperature,and could be improved by cooling water .However,if chlorine is less than 1.5% ,the discharge appears to be a mixture mode with filaments distributed in a diffused glow-like discharge,and the UV emission is independent on the gas temperature.     

中波发射台周围地面场强计算结果与实测值比较分析

以某8塔共址的中波发射台为例,对多个不同发射功率的发射塔同时运行时地面电场强度进行40 V/m等值线标准方法的计算与实测。结果显示,仅2座发射功率≥50 kW发射塔周围可实测到40 V/m等值线,实测值与国家环境行业标准规定方法计算结果相差约30%。     

Time-resolved spectroscopy of femtosecond laser-induced Cu plasma with spark discharge

The combination of spark discharge and laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is called spark discharge assisted LIBS. It works under laser-plasma triggered spark discharge mode, and shows its ability to enhance spectral emission intensity. This work uses a femtosecond laser as the light source, since femtosecond laser has many advantages in laser-induced plasma compared with nanosecond laser, meanwhile, the study on femtosecond LIBS with spark discharge is rare. Time-resolved spectroscopy of spark discharge assisted femtosecond LIBS was investigated under different discharge voltages and laser energies. The results showed that the spectral intensity was significantly enhanced by using spark discharge compared with LIBS alone. And, the spectral emission intensity using spark discharge assisted LIBS increased with the increase in the laser energy. In addition, at low laser energy, there was an obvious delay on the discharge time compared with high laser energy, and the discharge time with positive voltage was different from that with negative voltage.     

甲状腺核素显像、血清TSH及超声检查对甲状腺结节的诊断价值

探讨甲状腺核素显像、血清TSH及超声检查对甲状腺结节的鉴别诊断价值。以术后病理结果为标准,回顾性分析89例患者的141个甲状腺结节,将核素显像、血清TSH水平及超声检查结果进行比较。结果表明,核素显像冷结节恶性率为35.3%,实性冷结节恶性率达57.1%,核素显像与血清TSH水平相关,热结节TSH水平低,冷结节TSH水平高(P0.05)。TSH水平升高伴随着恶性率增高(P0.05)。冷结节中恶性结节TSH水平显著高于良性结节(P0.05),TSH诊断甲状腺癌最佳界值为1.695mIU/L,灵敏度、特异性分别为83.8%、77.3%。实性冷结节中TSH诊断甲状腺癌最佳界值为1.675mIU/L,灵敏度、特异性分别为83.3%、100%。热、温、凉结节中良恶性结节的TSH水平无明显差异(P0.05)。以上结果表明,核素显像有助于评价甲状腺结节的功能状态和形态特点,结合血清TSH检测及超声检查,对鉴别诊断甲状腺结节良恶性有重要价值。     

Energy Loss in Liquid Metal MHD Induction Converter due to Discrete Tooth-Slot Arrangements

In this paper, the performance characteristics of a linear channel LM-MHD induction converter operated in both constant current and constant voltage mode are obtained analytically, appling the slit channel approximation but taking account of variations in the traveling magnetic field intensity in the direction of the fluid flow according to differences in the disposition of the teeth and slots in the stators. The analytically obtained solutions were verified with the experimental converter with and without copper side bars operated in constant voltage mode at room temperature using NaK-78 as the electrically conducting working fluid. The experimental results obtained with the converter with copper side bars agreed with the analytically obtained solutions, though the plots of power output shifted toward greater values of negative slip compared with the theoretical curves, due to the additional ohrnic losses in both the side walls of channel and the copper side bars, which were not taken into account in the present analysis.     

~(137)Cs源燃料棒芯块间隙检测装置设计

设计了一种使用~(137)Csγ放射源检测新型燃料棒内芯块间隙的装置。该装置除具备241Am源检测装置功能外,还可清晰辨别实心芯块和环形芯块区域,以及辨别燃料棒内的芯块垫、弹簧、支撑管等。使用1.5Ci的~(137)Cs放射源,装置检测速度6 m/min、置信度95%时,设备的燃料棒长度检测精度为4mm/1m,间隙检测精度为±0.13 mm。装置运行稳定性良好,精度满足检测需求。     

Ozone generation enhanced by silica catalyst in packed-bed DBD reactor

In this paper, three dielectric barrier discharge(DBD) configurations, which were plain DBD with no packing, DBD with packed pure quartz fibers and DBD with packed loaded quartz fibers, were employed to investigate the effect and catalytic mechanism of catalyst materials in a packed-bed ozone generator. From the experimental results, it was clear that the DBD configuration with packed pure fibers and packed loaded fibers promotes ozone generation. For the packed-bed reactor, ozone concentration and ozone yield were enhanced by an increase of electric field in the discharge gap with the packed-bed effect. Meanwhile, the enhancement of ozone concentration and yield for the DBD reactor packed by loaded fibers with silica nanoparticles was due to the catalysis of silica nanoparticles on the fiber surface. The adsorption of silica nanoparticles on the fiber surface can prolong the retention time of active species and enhance surface reactions.     

转子悬臂比对核主泵水力振动的影响

为研究转子悬臂比对核主泵水力振动的影响规律，针对CAP1400核主泵，在其他几何参数均给定的条件下，通过改变泵轴的悬臂比，设计了25个模型方案。应用多重参考系下的雷诺时均N-S方程和RNG k-ε湍流模型对核主泵流体域进行了计算，采用单向流固耦合方法，分析了核主泵叶轮叶片的应力、应变在不同悬臂比、不同工况下的变化规律，并在有预应力和无预应力情况下，对不同悬臂比的核主泵进行了转子动力学特性研究。结果表明：当泵轴伸出端长度一定时，核主泵叶轮叶片的应力、应变及转子系统的前6阶固有频率与悬臂比的相关性不强，但对工况变化的敏感度较高；相同工况下，核主泵叶轮叶片的最大变形量随悬臂长度而增大，但不随悬臂比而变化，最大应力不随悬臂长度及悬臂比而变化；流固耦合作用能降低转子系统的固有频率，且降低幅度随阶数的增加而减小。     

X射线及电子束照射对非洲紫罗兰叶片外植体不定芽再生的影响

采用X射线（电子束能量8MeV）及9MeV电子束对两个品系（Mauve and Indikon）的非洲紫罗兰（Saintpaulia ionahta）组培苗叶片外植体进行辐照处理，研究其组织增殖、芽分化及叶片形态学变化。结果表明，40Gy的X射线照射能使Mauve及Indikon的外植体新鲜组织增殖倍数为27.3和26.3，相同剂量的电子束照射抑制组织增殖能力不如X射线照射，增殖倍数为49．7和27．4。低于20Gy的X射线和电子束照射诱发非洲紫罗兰叶片外植体增殖变化的规律不同于剂量高于20Gy的照射，呈先降低后升高趋势。100Gy的电子束辐照处理使Mauve及Indikon的芽形成率降为3．7％和11.3％，而100Gy的X射线辐照处理其芽形成率分别为7．5％和64．1％。就Mauve而言，60Gy的电子束辐照处理后畸形小苗百分比高达22．2％，相同剂量的X射线辐照处理后为14．8％；而对于Indikon，40Gy的电子束辐照可使畸形小苗百分比升至35．2％，该剂量条件下x射线的百分比仅为5．8％。因此，本研究发现非洲紫罗兰叶片的电子束辐照的诱变效果要优于X射线辐照。电子束辐照非洲紫罗兰Mauve及Indikon叶片组织的推荐最佳诱变剂量为40—60Gy。