Panel zone evaluation of direct connection to box column subjected to bidirectional loading

As an effective factor for force‐controlled components, in special moment frames, the main advantage of using box column is high biaxial bending strength. Most research studies have been concentrated on the box column performance subjected to unidirectional loading. On the other hand, seismic provisions given so far in codes are limited to beam to wide flange column connections with planar webs. In the research work presented, the bidirectional loading configurations are adopted to better simulate the actual response of the box column subjected to a ground motion excitation. The connection used in the article is welded unreinforced flange–welded web, being the direct connection that was introduced in the American Institute of Steel Construction as one of the prequalified connection. Analytical results from finite element method indicate that when the structure is subjected to bidirectional loading, the level of shear and flexural strength capacity of the box column reduces. Because of the yielding of the panel zone and the inner diaphragm, the distribution of stress and strain in the finite element models reveals that the design criteria presented in most seismic codes seem not to place the plastic hinge out of the panel zone region and therefore need to be modified. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Internal flange stiffened moment connections with low-damage capability under seismic loading

This study presents the seismic performance of steel moment connections using internal flange stiffeners (IFSs) welded at the face of the wide-flange column and inner side of the beam flange. The objective is to develop a steel moment connection that can achieve good seismic performance with low-damage capability during a large earthquake loading and minimize the repair cost. Four large-scale moment connections were tested to validate the cyclic performance. One connection which represented a welded-unreinforced flange-bolted web connection failed before finishing cyclic tests at a drift of 4%. Three IFS moment connections showed excellent performance and low damage after experiencing the AISC seismic load twice up to the target drift of 4%, without strength reduction. The specimens were also modeled using the computer program ABAQUS to further verify the effectiveness of the IFS in transferring beam moment to the column and to investigate potential sources of connection failure.     

未补强焊接梁柱接头之应用于箱形柱

探讨钢结构特殊弯矩构架梁柱接头的耐震行为,梁柱接头采用未补强焊接梁柱接头,特点在于厚梁翼板、箱形柱断面、且焊接扇形孔采用美国AWS的建议,以盼能提供良好的韧性行为。以试验方法进行两组实尺寸试体的试验,梁柱子结构承受反复载重。试验结果显示,两组试体皆可达4%弧度层间变位角,梁发展塑性弯矩强度;破坏肇因于梁翼全渗透焊道裂缝造成的撕裂。研究成果提供预审合格梁柱接头更广泛的实务应用。     

钢梁与SRC柱之梁柱接头耐震试验

相对于传统SRC梁接SRC柱的梁柱接头而言,本研究采用钢梁接SRC柱之接头型式,尝试利用SRC柱在劲度与抗压强度之优点,并避开SRC梁在施工上的不便,初步进行了两组大尺寸试体之反复载重试验,以探讨此种型式接头之耐震行为。实验结果显示,由于两组试体之钢梁与钢柱之弯矩强度比并未满足强柱弱梁的规定(但SRC柱整体之抗弯强度仍大于钢梁之强度),因此其反复载重位移曲线并不如满足强柱弱梁的纯钢构接头饱满,而在非弹性阶段出现较明显劲度衰减的现象;但由于SRC柱接头区的混凝土对钢柱提供了良好的围束,使得试体极限强度仍可稳定发展,且两支试体之最大层间变位角均超过5％弧度     

梁端翼缘扩大型连接的抗震性能研究

通过试验及数值分析方法研究了钢框架梁端翼缘扩大型连接节点的滞回性能、极限承载力、破坏模式、刚度及强度退化等抗震性能。研究结果表明:梁端翼缘扩大式节点可以将塑性铰转移到梁翼缘扩大端截面以外位置,避免梁端焊缝发生脆性破坏;加强侧板末端截面有明显突变和热影响区影响使钢材变脆应力集中现象严重,制约了节点塑性耗能深入发展;直接扩翼型节点塑性铰中心形成于扩翼圆弧段末端,远离柱翼缘,达到了塑性铰外移的目的;在循环荷载作用下,翼缘及腹板随局部屈曲塑性变形的不断积累,导致试件的强度出现退化;节点构造形式对抗震性能影响显著,直接扩翼型节点的塑性变形和耗能能力较好,推荐在强震区采用。     

钢梁和箱型柱间翼缘板连接件的抗震性能

对钢梁和焊接箱型柱间的翼缘板连接件的滞回性能进行分析和试验研究。对3个足尺试件模型进行试验,从而评估翼缘板长度和板-翼缘角几何焊接对翼缘板连接件地震响应的影响。试验所用的翼缘板连接件符合AISC中对于特殊抗弯框架的抗震要求。因此,使用试验结果验证ABAQUS软件建立的有限元模型,此模型可用于对试件模型性能的进一步探讨。     

Cyclic behaviour of post-Northridge WUF-B connections

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the cyclic behavior of post-Northridge Welded Unreinforced Flange-Bolted web (WUF-B) connections made using new notch tough welding materials and welding procedures, and a modified access hole. Since no WUF-B connection test results were found which satisfy the minimum design and detail requirements of the 2002 AISC Seismic Provisions for Structural Steel Buildings, this study made three full-scale test specimens of WUF-B connections according to the provisions. The main variable of the specimens was the ratio of the panel zone strength to the connected beam strength (panel zone strength ratio). Quasi-static cyclic testing was conducted. This study found that post-Northridge WUF-B connection specimens having a stronger panel zone experienced more significant slip between the bolted shear tab and the beam web. It was observed that the slip caused stress concentrations in and around the access hole, resulting in connection failure. The WUF-B connection specimen having the weakest panel zone did not, however, experience excessive slip between the bolted shear tab and beam web. Moreover, this WUF-B specimen could not achieve the required beam strength. This study observed that post-Northridge WUF-B connections with a panel zone strength ratio ranging from 0.9 to 1.6 provides a drift ratio exceeding 0.2. This drift ratio is required for satisfactory performance of the connections of Intermediate Moment Frames. Furthermore, this study proposed an analytical model for post Northridge WUF-B connections having different panel zone strength ratios.     

复式钢管混凝土柱与H形钢梁连接节点抗震性能试验研究

借鉴方钢管混凝土柱-钢梁外肋环板节点形式,将非梁柱连接面的柱两侧外肋环板改为竖贴于柱侧的竖向肋板并伸出与梁翼缘焊接,同时设置锚固腹板,形成复式钢管混凝土柱与H形钢梁连接节点。通过7个梁柱组合体试件的低周反复荷载试验,分析各试件的破坏过程及特征,并对试件的滞回性能、承载力、延性、耗能能力和承载力及刚度退化等抗震性能进行研究。研究结果表明：节点的破坏形态基本相同,梁端先屈曲,形成塑性铰;锚固腹板可有效提高节点的承载力和变形能力;竖向肋板外伸长度可提高试件的初始刚度,使梁端塑性铰外移,有效保护节点核心区;试件的滞回曲线呈明显的梭形,具有良好的承载力、延性及耗能能力;试件在整个加载过程中刚度退化现象明显,承载力退化很小,可应用于抗震设防地区。     

螺栓端板连接节点加固后承载性能有限元分析

已有试验表明,螺栓端板连接梁柱节点具有良好的受力性能,但节点刚度较小,循环荷载作用下破坏模式以螺栓拉断为主。当建成的结构由于各种因素螺栓端板节点承载性能不能满足要求时,需要进行加固以提高节点刚度和承载力。改：善其抗震性能,本文提出了在柱腹板加斜向加劲肋,并对端板进行焊接的加固方案。有限元分析表明加固后节点的刚度、延性和承载力都得到提高。静力加载时,荷载一位移曲线在达到峰值后出现平缓的下降段;循环加载时,节点破坏模式是梁翼缘发生局部屈曲形成塑性较,滞回曲线饱满。由于使用了焊缝,节点有可能发生脆性破坏,加固中应尽量使用较小尺寸的焊缝,施工中也应保证焊缝的质量,减小残余应力。     

Seismic performance of the Accordion-Web RBS connection

A new type of Reduced Beam Section (RBS) connection, “Accordion Web RBS (AW-RBS)”, is presented in this research. RBS connections are commonly known as connections with reduced flange width within a limited area near the column face. However, the AW-RBS decreases the web contribution in moment strength and a reduced section is developed in the beam. In an AW-RBS, the flat web is replaced by corrugated plates (L-shape folded plates, used here) at the expected location of the beam’s plastic hinge. While the corrugated web has adequate shear strength, its provided moment strength and flexural stiffness are negligible. Two relatively identical specimens including AW-RBS connections have been tested under cyclic loading. Both specimens provide at least 8% story drift, without any significant strength loss, which is more than current requirements for qualifying connections in special moment frames. The accordion effect of the corrugated web and the cyclic performance of the connection are verified by analytical results. According to the analytical and experimental results, the inelastic rotations of the connection are mostly provided by reliable and ductile rotation at the reduced region rather than in the connection plates or panel zone.     

带外加强环不等高梁-钢管混凝土柱组合节点抗震性能试验研究

对4个带外加强环不等高梁钢管混凝土柱节点试件进行了循环加载和单调加载试验,试件主要变化参数为节点两侧梁高度差,取值为 0、75、 150mm。为了研究节点域的受剪承载力,对试件按“强构件,弱节点”进行设计。对于所设计的4个节点试件,其破坏分为整个节点域剪切破坏和部分节点域剪切破坏。试验结果表明：加载方式对试件节点域剪切承载力影响不大;节点试件在正反两个方向加载形成不同的破坏模式,并且在反向荷载作用下其承载力略高于其在正向荷载作用下的承载力;节点两侧梁高度差对节点域破坏形式和承载力影响显著;在整个加载过程中,所有试件节点均未出现开裂;该类节点具有很好的变形能力和稳定的耗能能力,但随着两侧梁高度差的增加,耗能能力逐渐降低。     

宽肢组合异形柱-钢梁节点抗震性能试验研究

为研究适用于高层钢结构住宅体系的组合异形柱框架结构的翼缘加强型节点的抗震性能,设计了两种不同构造形式的足尺节点试件,即格构式宽肢组合异形柱节点和实腹式宽肢组合异形柱节点,并进行拟静力试验,研究了该类节点的破坏形态、滞回性能、承载能力、梁端转角、延性及耗能能力。试验结果表明：2个节点最终均在加强件端部发生了翼缘开裂而破坏;节点的受弯承载力是梁端全截面塑性承载力的1.10~1.13倍;钢梁转角是梁端总转角的主要组成部分,节点区转角只占梁端总转角的1.0%~1.8%,柱变形转角占9.2%~13.0%;节点的位移延性系数约为2.33~2.38,黏滞阻尼系数约为0.264~0.267。此外,2个节点的承载能力基本相当,格构式宽肢组合异形柱节点的抗震性能指标相对实腹式宽肢组合异形柱节点较好;但与传统翼缘加强型节点相比,其延性和耗能能力略有降低。     

钢结构焊接翼缘板加强式梁柱刚性连接滞回性能试验研究

焊接翼缘板加强式梁柱刚性连接是塑性铰外移以提高连接塑性变形的一种改进形式。为考察这种连接形式在循环荷载作用下的滞回性能,共进行了4个1/2模型的拟静力加载试验,研究了梁翼缘宽厚比、腹板高厚比对连接性能的影响和节点域强弱对连接塑性转动能力的影响。作为比较,还进行了一个盖板加强式梁柱刚性连接的试验。试验结果表明,这种连接形式性能优良,所有的试件都没有发生脆性破坏,都能确保塑性铰转移到加强板以外,梁端塑性转角介于0.044～0.054rad之间,达到了特殊抗弯钢框架连接塑性转动能力不小于0.03rad的要求。在试验过程中所有的加强板都没有发生局部屈曲。在满足我国抗震规范要求的前提下,增大梁翼缘的宽厚比,梁翼缘更易于发生塑性局部屈曲,但对极限承载能力和变形能力的影响不大;减小梁腹板的高厚比则对承载能力的影响较明显;较弱的节点域,会显著降低连接的承载力,但可提高其变形能力。     

Experimental study on steel built‐up column moment connections with top and bottom trapezoidal side plates

Built‐up and box columns are used extensively in steel structures. A kind of built‐up column is composed of two I rolled shapes separated by calculated interval and welded between two cover plates. The uncertainties due to these columns are the flexibility of the column cover plates under the transferred beam flange plate forces and the brittle behavior of the groove weld between the beam flange plate and the column cover plate. The top and bottom trapezoidal side plates are proposed to improve the behavior of these column moment connections. Using this approach, the total beam flange forces transfer to the lateral sides of the column, parallel to the beam web, by means of top and bottom side plates. An experimental test is developed to study the behavior of the proposed connection under cyclic loading. The results indicate that the proposed connection has sufficient strength and ductility to apply in special moment frames. Also, the rehabilitated connection eliminates the vulnerabilities of deformation of the column cover plate and brittle fracture of groove welds in conventional connections. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

加劲外伸端板连接的弯矩-转角性能分析

提出新的理论模型,用于评估加劲外伸钢梁-柱端板连接的弯矩-转角(M)关系。根据对端板连接转动的定义,将端板连接分解为多个组成部分,包括面板区、螺钉、端板和柱翼缘。并对各个组成部分完整的加载-变形过程进行了分析。最后通过整合各个部分的反应得出整个连接件的加载-变形过程。此外,通过5个节点试验验证这个分析模型。对计算与试验结果比较可以得出,该分析模型可以准确评估端板连接的转动能力、弯矩-转角曲线和初始转动刚度。而且,它还可以分析对节点转动变形起作用的其他因素,如面板区的剪切变形、螺钉的拉长、端板和柱翼缘的弯曲变形等。该分析模型同时提供弯矩-剪切转角(Ms)和弯矩-缝隙转角(Mcp)曲线,这些曲线为详细分析端板连接的转动性能提供了可靠的基础。     

法兰连接L形钢管混凝土柱-H型钢梁全螺栓节点抗震性能研究

为降低多高层钢结构的梁柱间的装配难度,提出了法兰连接L形钢管混凝土柱-H型钢梁全螺栓装配节点,包括梁与柱连接和柱与柱连接,梁与柱现场全螺栓连接,柱与柱现场法兰连接。为研究连接件形式及加劲肋对该种节点抗震性能的影响,以改变连接件形式、加劲构造为主要变化参数,设计了4个该类型节点,通过低周反复加载试验和有限元分析获得了节点的破坏模式、滞回曲线、耗能能力和性能指标。研究结果表明：4个节点的滞回曲线均呈梭形,具有良好的耗能能力;节点正负方向的塑性转角超过0.05 rad,满足抗震规范要求;L形连接件与T形连接件均有足够的刚度传递荷载,4个节点的破坏模式、耗能能力与滞回曲线形状较为接近;连接件与梁翼缘之间的滑移提高了节点的延性、耗能能力与转动能力。     

钢管柱-H形梁内加劲铸钢模块节点抗震性能试验研究

介绍了钢管柱-H形梁连接内加劲铸钢模块节点的概念设计方法,对该节点进行了循环往复加载试验研究,考虑了不同轴压比对节点抗震性能的影响。试验结果表明：提出的铸钢模块节点具有良好的延性、较好的耗能能力、较高的承载力,可充分发挥节点域的剪切塑性耗能;铸钢模块节点的延性和耗能能力随着轴压比的增大略有降低。现行美国钢结构规范中的节点受剪承载力公式经修正后可适用于铸钢模块节点,且偏于安全;通过控制梁与节点域的相对强弱,可实现对节点屈服顺序的控制。     

H形梁翼缘双肋板加强式弱轴连接的抗震性能分析

提出了一种适用于工字形柱箱形节点域的H形梁翼缘双肋板加强式弱轴连接;应用ABAQUS有限元软件对标准节点、梁翼缘外侧双肋板加强式节点和梁翼缘内侧双肋板加强式节点共7个足尺计算模型进行了力学性能分析,研究了节点破坏模式、滞回特性、骨架曲线、耗能能力、塑性转动能力和延性等问题。结果表明:箱形节点域双肋板加强式弱轴连接能够有效地在梁端形成塑性铰,并且塑性铰远离节点核心区,从而实现强柱弱梁和强节点弱构件的抗震理念;梁翼缘内侧双肋板加强式节点可以达到与梁翼缘外侧双肋板加强式节点相同的抗震性能,并且改善了梁柱翼缘对接焊缝的应力;梁翼缘双肋板加强式节点的耗能能力和延性系数都有显著提高,塑性转动能力达到FEMA 267建议的0.03 rad,符合国际上对节点塑性转动能力的要求。     

Seismic behavior of steel beams and CFT column moment-resisting connections with floor slabs

This research investigates the seismic performance of four steel beams to concrete filled steel tube (CFT) column connections with floor slabs, including two interior and two exterior joints. The objective of this research is to evaluate firstly the composite effect of the steel beam and floor slab commonly used in Taiwan in practice. Secondly, the seismic behavior of new connection details such as the taper flange or larger shear tab in the beam-end is investigated to prevent complete joint penetration welds (CJP) of the girder flanges from the unexpected brittle failure found in the latter after the Northridge earthquake. In addition to the experimental investigation, the development and validation of analytical models for the assessment of the force-deformation behavior of the joint components are also conducted. The slab effect on the shear transfer in the panel zone is investigated as well.     

Seismic rehabilitation of pre-Northridge steel moment connections: A case study

The effectiveness of using both the welded haunch and rib plates for the seismic rehabilitation of pre-Northridge steel moment connections for a 13-story office building in Los Angeles was studied. Full-scale cyclic testing of two pre-Northridge moment connections with simulated welding defects was conducted and used as a benchmark for the rehabilitation scheme. Four rehabilitated moment connections were then tested to validate the proposed scheme. A correlation study using a nonlinear finite element program (ABAQUS) was also performed. Both the experimental and analytical results showed that the use of welded haunch and rib plates significantly reduced strain demands at the beam flange groove welds. Doubler plates that were offset from the column web were effective in resisting shear in the panel zone region. Test results also showed that the inclination angle of the haunch, which was recommended to be within 30±5 degrees in an AISC Design Guide, can be extended to 50 degrees.