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广西水牛原料乳微生物和理化指标分析 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
按不同种群从广西取80个水牛原料乳样品,通过理化和微生物指标检测,对水牛乳营养价值和安全性进行了分析比较.主要理化检测结果如下:脂肪7.32%,蛋白质4.71%,乳糖4.67%。固形物18.42%,灰分0.84%(均为质量分数),pH值为652,密度1.030g/mL。纯种河流型水牛摩拉和尼里-拉菲的脂肪、蛋白质、固形物、灰分舍量显著低于(P〈0.05)河流-沼泽型杂交水牛。微生物检测结果如下(对数值):细菌总数5.69mL^-1,茅孢菌3.03mL^-1,乳酸菌4.79mL^-1,真菌1.80mL^-1,大肠菌群2.48mL^-1,大肠杆菌1.83mL^-1,金黄色葡萄球菌1.80mL^-1,所有样品中李斯特氏苗均未检出。地区间微生物指标差异较大。微生物含量均在可接受范围之内,但是致病菌的出现说明需要建立相关的卫生质量标准. 相似文献
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不同季节原料乳中主要微生物和理化指标分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
研究了冬季、春季和夏季原料乳的主要理化指标和微生物指标。3个季节内,蛋白质、乳脂、乳糖和干物质的变化范围分别是3.38%~3.52%,3.98%~4.26%,4.80%~4.85%和12.78%~13.19%。理化指标检测结果表明冬季牛乳的营养成分高于春夏两季,并且3个季节的乳成分均高于生鲜牛乳的收购标准;此外,对原料乳中主要的微生物:总菌数、乳酸菌、大肠菌群、沙门氏菌、蜡样芽孢杆菌、单增李斯特菌和嗜冷菌的菌数进行了检测。结果中未检测到沙门氏菌、蜡样芽孢杆菌和单增李斯特菌,其他微生物质量分数均在可接受范围内,但是大肠菌群的出现说明需要建立相关的卫生质量标准。 相似文献
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西藏地区牦牛乳理化和微生物指标的检测分析 总被引:6,自引:3,他引:6
研究了西藏地区牦牛乳的理化指标和微生物指标。从西藏3个不同地区共取48份牦牛乳样品.通过理化和微生物指标的检测及其统计分析,研究发现牦牛乳的营养成分为:脂肪7.14%(体积分数)、粗蛋白5.06%(质量分数)、干物质18.45%(质量分数)、乳糖5.00%(质量分数)和灰分0.81%(质量分数),并且不同地区各成分的质量分数也不同。牦牛乳的微生物检测结果为(对数值):细菌5.63mL^-1,芽孢菌1.76mL^-1,乳酸菌5.19mL,真菌3.03mL^-1,肠道菌3.27mL^-1,大肠杆菌2.09mL^-1和金黄色葡萄球菌3.52mL^-1,并且存在明显的地区差异性。 相似文献
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Composition, physiochemical properties, nitrogen fraction distribution, and amino acid profile of donkey milk 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
This study investigated the changes in chemical composition, nitrogen fraction distribution, and AA profile of milk samples obtained during lactation from the Jiangyue breed of donkey in Northwest China. Results showed that donkey milk contained 9.53% total solids, 1.57% protein, 1.16% fat, 6.33% lactose, and 0.4% ash on average, which is more similar to mare and human milk than to the milk of other mammals. Throughout the lactation investigated, pH and density were constant, protein and ash content showed an apparent negative trend (an increase in lactose content during 120 d postpartum, followed by a decrease), fat content exhibited wide variability, and variations in the content and percentage of whey protein, casein, and AA were small. The casein to whey protein ratio of 52:37 was between the lower value of human milk and the higher value of cow milk. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-PAGE results demonstrated that donkey milk is rich in β-lactoglobulin and lysozyme. The percentages of 8 essential AA in protein of donkey milk were 38.2%, higher than those of mare and cow milk; donkey milk also had higher levels of serine (6.2%), glutamic acid (22.8%), arginine (4.6%), and valine (6.5%) and a lower level of cystine (0.4%). 相似文献
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研究了驴脂的元素谱库、营养成分组成,测定了驴脂提取分离产物驴油的品质指标。以电感耦合等离子体质谱技术(ICP-MS)对驴脂中37种金属元素进行扫描分析,形成样本的元素谱库,结果表明驴脂中各金属元素均未达到检出限。以多质量分析器组合式质谱仪对驴脂进行MSn级扫描,最终获得驴脂中主要成分信息,发现驴脂主要成分中包含16种氨基酸及其衍生物类、11种有机酸、46种脂质以及糖类、维生素类等多种成分。采用超声辅助溶剂提取法得到的驴油相对密度为0. 908,水分含量为0. 68%,酸价(KOH)为0. 58 mg/g,过氧化值为0. 018 g/100 g,碘值(I)为85g/100 g。研究储存温度对驴油过氧化值的影响,结果表明驴油常温下即可储存。驴脂可作为食品、化妆品的研发原料,具有广阔的应用前景。 相似文献
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目的:研究鱼鳔、驴皮化学成分及对环磷酰胺所致贫血小鼠的改善作用。方法:测定总蛋白含量、氨基酸组成及分子量范围;胃蛋白酶辅助提取获得胶原蛋白,并分析其含量、组成及结构;腹腔注射环磷酰胺(80 mg/kg)建立小鼠贫血模型,灌胃给予受试物(鱼鳔胶1.52 g/(kg·d)、驴皮胶1.39 g/(kg·d)),观察对脏器系数和血液学指标的影响。结果:鱼鳔、驴皮总蛋白含量均大于97%,鱼鳔胶、驴皮胶分子量在50 Da~328 kDa之间;鱼鳔、驴皮胶原蛋白均为Ⅰ型胶原蛋白,鱼鳔胶原蛋白含量约为驴皮的6.51倍,但胶原蛋白三螺旋结构不同,鱼鳔胶原蛋白以α -螺旋结构为主,驴皮胶原蛋白以反平行为主。功效评价结果表明,给药28 d,鱼鳔胶与驴皮胶均可促进环磷酰胺贫血小鼠造血机能的恢复,以鱼鳔胶效果更佳。与模型组相比,鱼鳔胶给药组红细胞、血红蛋白、血小板、网织红细胞、脾脏及胸腺系数均得到显著改善(P <0.05);驴皮胶给药组红细胞、血红蛋白及胸腺系数显著改善(P <0.05)。结论:对鱼鳔、驴皮化学成分进行系统研究,确定了化学成分间的差异;发现鱼鳔胶、驴皮胶均可促进环磷酰胺贫血小鼠造血机能的恢复,且鱼鳔胶效果更佳,推测二者补血活性可能与氨基酸、胶原蛋白等成分有关。本研究为鱼鳔资源精深加工奠定理论基础。 相似文献
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对不同品种生鲜驴乳中常规营养成分,如脂肪、蛋白质、乳糖、干物质含量、维生素C、氨基酸和矿物质等进行比较分析。结果显示,不同品种鲜驴乳中蛋白质、脂肪、水分、干物质、乳糖、维生素C、滴定酸度和pH值变化范围分别为 1.38 g/100 g~ 1.77 g/100 g、0.75 g/100 g~ 1.08 g/100 g、88.89 g/100 g~ 90.64 g/100 g、9.38 g/100 g~ 12.64 g/100 g、4.32 g/100 g~5.56 g/100 g、2.01 g/100 g~3.12 g/100 g、4.48°T~4.74°T、7.09~7.18。德州黑驴生鲜乳显示出最高的氨基酸总量(1 867.89 mg/kg),德州黑驴生鲜乳中的必需氨基酸显著高于疆岳驴、新疆驴、果拉驴(P<0.05)。德州黑驴生鲜乳中钙、硒含量较其他品种要高,而果拉驴生鲜乳中磷、锌含量较其他品种要高。 相似文献
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《Journal of dairy science》2023,106(5):3072-3085
Milk is an important food of the daily diet. Many countries include it in their dietary recommendations due to its content in several important nutrients that exert beneficial effects on human health. Human milk is a newborn's first food and plays an important role in the growth, development, and future health of every individual. Cow milk is the type of milk most consumed in the world. However, its relatively high content of saturated fats raises concerns about potential adverse effects on human health, although epidemiological studies have disproved this association. Indeed, dairy consumption appear to be linked to a lower risk of mortality and major cardiovascular disease events. In the last few years many researchers have begun to focus their attention on both the production and quality of cow milk as well as the analysis of milk from other animal species to evaluate their effect on human health. The need to investigate the composition and metabolic effects of milk from other animal species arises from the adverse reactions of individuals in several groups to certain components of cow milk. It has emerged that donkey milk compared with that of other animal species, is the nearest to human milk and an excellent substitute for it. Milk from various animal species shows substantial differences in nutritional composition and distinct metabolic effects. In this review, we discussed the main compositional features and metabolic effects of 3 types of milk: human, cow, and donkey milk. 相似文献