改性环氧PBA／PMMA核壳乳胶粒子的制备与应用

采用半连续种子乳液聚合工艺制备核壳结构的聚丙烯酸丁酯,（聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯-衣康酸-双酚A环氧树脂）（PBA／P（MMA—ITA—DGEBA））乳胶粒子。并通过红外光谱仪（IR）对乳胶粒子进行了表征,证明乳胶粒子具有壮粒子结构。将壳层带有环氧基的核壳乳胶粒子对环氧树脂进行增韧,通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM）对固化物冲击断面进行观测,改性核壳乳胶粒子对环氧树脂起到明显增韧效果,并提升了与环氧树脂的相容性。     

Study on T700/cyanate/PS/epoxy composites with ex-situ toughening technique

Composites were prepared with polysulfone through ex-situ toughening technique. The dynamic parameters of cyanate/epoxy resin were studied by differential scanning calorimetric（DSC） analysis and dynamic mechanical analysis（DMA）. Microstructual toughening mechanism was studied through scanning electron microscopy（SEM）. The particle microstructure in interlaminar region of composites toughened through ex-situ toughening technique revealed that a reaction induced phase decomposition and phase inversion happened in the interlaminar region. The thermosetting particles were surrounded by the PS phase, which could signifi cantly improve the delamination resistance of composites. The compression after impact（CAI） can be signifi cantly improved from 180 MPa to 260 MPa by using ex-situ toughening while the mechanical properties are not affected.     

橡胶/粘土协同增韧环氧树脂的研究

采用橡胶/粘土协同增韧环氧树脂,通过扫描电镜(SEM)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)对环氧树脂/橡胶/粘土复合材料的结构进行了研究,同时还研究了其力学性能.结果表明:纳米粘土和橡胶之间存在明显的协同增韧效应.从冲击断面的SEM分析可知,改性后的复合材料呈现明显的韧性断裂.XRD结果表明,粘土结构以插层结构为主,粘土片层间距由2.3nm增加到3.5nm以上.复合体系解决了单纯橡胶增韧环氧树脂时带来的强度和耐热性差的问题,使复合材料的力学性能和热性能均有一定的改善.     

Synthesis of the Core-Shell Structure Materials as the Controlled-Release Drug Carrier

We have developed a controlled-release drug carrier.Smartly controlled-release polymer nanoparticles were firstly synthesized through RAFT polymerization as the controlled-release core.The structural and particle properties of polymer nanoparticles were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (~1H-NMR),scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray spectroscopy (EDX).Mesoporous materials were selected as the shell materials to encapsulate the smart core as the stable shell.The mesoporous shell was characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM).All the results showed that a well-defined core-shell structure with mesoporous structure was obtained,and this controllable delivery system will have the great potential in nanomedicine.     

紫外光稳定化核壳弹性体的合成

将一种聚合型的受阻胺光稳定剂,4-丙烯酰氧基-1,2,2,6,6-五甲基哌啶(PMPA)与丙烯酸丁酯(BA)、甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)通过乳液聚合制备出一种具有紫外光稳定能力的核壳结构弹性体粒子。并研究了乳化剂用量、引发剂用量及反应温度对聚合反应的影响。核磁共振氢谱(1H-NMR)分析结果证实光稳定基团已成功接枝到乳胶粒子中。透射电镜(TEM)观察结果显示,乳胶粒子具有核壳结构,且粒径约为100 nm。热分析(TGA)结果表明,受阻胺基团的引入可以改善乳胶粒子的热稳定性,而且可以极大地提高其初始分解温度。     

The structure and properties of Fe3O4／P （NaUA-St-BA）magnetic composite nano particles

Fe3O4/P (NaUA-St-BA) core-shell composite micro spheres were in situ prepared by soapless polymerization of styrene and butyl acrylate, with Fe3O4 magnetic colloidal particles coated with NaUA. The results of IR and XRD analysis demonstrated that the desired polymer chains have been covalently bonded to the surface of Fe3O4 nano particles. The morphology analysis by TEM confirmed that the composite particles have the core-shell structure and a relatively uniform diameter of about 100nm. The magnetic properties of the obtained composite latex particles were measured by VSM and found that they exhibited super paramagnetic properties.Finally, the prepared magnetic composite particles latex is stable for several months.     

高岭土/聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯核壳结构复合粒子对聚丙烯动态机械性能的影响

采用乳液聚合方法,以高岭土为核,甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)为壳制备了具有核壳结构的共聚物。将制得共聚物与聚丙烯共混,用动态机械分析仪测试其共混物的动态机械性能,得出共混体系中温度与内耗因子的关系,温度与储能模量的关系以及温度与损耗模量的关系,并对所得的参数进行对比分析。研究表明,该种核壳结构的共聚物粒子与聚丙烯有很好的相容性,可以提高聚丙烯材料的阻尼性能,且可降低聚丙烯材料的玻璃化温度从而改善聚丙烯的柔韧性。     

聚苯醚改性氰酸酯树脂的研究

氰酸酯树脂(BCE)具有优异的介电性能、优良的耐热性和工艺性，是电子领域和航空航天领域应用的一种新型的高性能树脂，但其韧性较差，需根据应用要求对其进行改性。文中以耐潮湿性好、价格较低的热塑性聚苯醚(PPO)利用溶剂共混法对BCE进行改性，研究了PPO的加入量时共混体系力学性能的影响，并利用扫描电镜研究了材料的增韧机理。结果表明：当PPO的加入量为10％时，在热变形温度基本保持不变的情况下，材料的冲击强度可提高30．6％，原因在于固化过程中PPO可与BCE形成双连续相结构。     

一维Cu@C核壳结构纳米复合材料的制备与表征

以氯化铜作为铜源,六次甲基四胺(HMT)作还原剂和碳源,十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)作表面活性剂,在水热条件下合成了一维Cu@C核壳结构纳米复合材料,并进行了表征分析。结果表明,制备的Cu@C核壳结构纳米复合材料为立方相铜晶体,无杂质出现。长度在几微米到十几微米,直径大约200~400 nm。产物由铜、碳2种元素构成;从透射电镜照片可以清楚的看出明暗对比,表明产物的核壳结构。在反应过程中,十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)起到了形状控制剂的作用。     

Clay-polymer Nanocomposites： Preparation, Properties, FutureApplications and New Synthesis Approach of EPDM／clay Nanocomposites

The synthetic routes, materials properties and future applications of clay-polymer nanocomposites are reviewed. Nannocomposites are composite materials that contain particles in the size rang 1-100 nm. The particles generally have a high aspect ratio and a layered structure that maximizes bonding between the polymer and particle. Adding a small quantity of these additives (0.5%—5% ) can increase many of the properties of poly-mer materials, such as tensile characteristics, heat distortion temperature, scratch resistance, gas permeability resistance, and flame retardancy. This new type of materials may be prepared via various synthetic routes comprising exfoliation adsorption, in-situ intercalative polymerization and melt intercalation. In this paper we report the new method for preparation EPDM-clay nanocomposites. The EPDM-clay nanocomposites were prepared by using two different approaches ( direct and indirect). It is found that there is no difference between both methods but the direct method is easier, its cost is lower and industrially more practical. X-ray diffraction (XRD)and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) results showed a exfoliation structure. The mechanical properties of these nanocomposites significantly improved.     

CdSe/ZnS量子点的合成及表征

本文于水溶液中采用3-巯基丙酸作为稳定剂,成功合成了CdSe/ZnS核壳型量子点。透射电子显微镜观察表明,所合成的量子点尺寸均一,形貌近似球形,粒子大小在5 nm以下。紫外吸收光谱和荧光光谱分析表明,所合成的CdSe/ZnS核壳型量子点较之CdSe量子点更具良好光学特性。     

用正电子湮没光谱研究环氧树脂的增韧

通过利用正电子谱仪测定的自由体积的尺寸和含量以及材料的力学性能的分析,研究了几种具有活性端基增韧剂对环氧树脂材料结构性能的影响规律,讨论了具有活性端基的增韧剂对环氧树脂的增韧机理,认为在增韧剂与环氧固化物形成的非均相织态结构中,高度分散的自由体积有利于吸收破坏能而提高材料的综合力学性能。     

纳米金属粒子/有机物复合材料组织结构的探讨

采用高能球磨法制备了纳米金属粒子/有机物复合材料,运用扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM) 和X射线衍射仪对复合材料的微观形貌特征和结构进行了分析研究,并探讨了球磨时间对复合材料微观形貌特征的影响.研究结果表明,经过超声振动后复合颗粒分布较均匀,100 h球磨后锌粒的粒径大约为100 nm左右,呈层片状分布,聚氯乙烯与锌复合后,均匀地包覆在锌粒的表面.球磨50 h、80 h、100 h和120 h铜粒的粒径分别为300 nm、140 nm、70 nm和30 nm左右,近似圆球状,石蜡可以完全包覆纳米铜粒子.     

EVA－15对聚丙烯的共混改性研究

应用ＳＥＭ和力学性能测试研究了ＥＶＡ－１５对聚丙烯共混物原料配比、工艺条件和微观结构形态对材料性能的影响，对共混物的增韧机理进行了分析。研究结果表明：ＥＶＡ－１５对聚丙烯有很好的增韧改性效果，其综合性能优良．这一研究为拓宽聚丙烯改性材料的应用提供了一种新的方法，符合当今高聚物增韧发展的趋势．     

耐磨球铁激光相变硬化处理组织性能研究

采用扫描电子显微镜，分析轧辊材料耐磨球铁激光相变硬化处理表层金相显微组织特征，并进行硬化效果、耐磨性、抗回炎性能分析检测，探讨金相显微组织与其机械力学性能关系。结果表明，经激光相变硬化处理，耐磨珠铁俱有十分优异的机械性能。该结果可供工程构件埋中化处理时参考。     

核壳结构Au@SnO2的制备及其低温下的正丁醇气敏性能

以SnCl₄·5H₂O和HAuCl₄·3H₂O为原料,以L-半胱氨酸为连接剂,通过水热法制备Au@SnO₂核壳结构纳米颗粒。由透射电子显微镜和X射线衍射结果发现二氧化锡（SnO₂）与金（Au）颗粒的平均粒径分别为4.9 nm和10.5 nm。SnO₂颗粒堆积在Au核表面形成了具有多孔壳结构的复合材料,比表面积达到178.82 m²/g,总孔隙体积为0.165 1 cm³/g。Au@SnO₂核壳结构的存在使得传感器对正丁醇具有优异的气敏性能,在80 ℃时的灵敏度达到8 669.15,检测极限达到3.9×10^-3 g/m³,显著提高了SnO₂的灵敏度,并降低了最佳工作温度。     

Preparation and properties of PEO/LiClO4/KH560-SiO2 composite polymer electrolyte by sol-gel composite-in-situ method

Composite polymer electrolytes based on polyethylene oxide（PEO） were prepared by using LiClO4 as doping salt and silane-modified SiO2 as filler. SiO2 was formed in-situ in （PEO）8LiClO4 matrix by the hydrolysis and condensation reaction of Si（OC4H9）4. The crystallinity,morphology and ionic conductivity of composite polymer electrolyte films were examined by differential scanning calorimetry,scanning electron microscopy,atom force microscopy and alternating current impedance spectroscopy,respectively. Compared with the crystallinity of the unmodified SiO2 as inert filler,that of composite polymer electrolytes is decreased. The results show that silane-modified SiO2 particles are uniformly dispersed in （PEO）8LiClO4 composite polymer electrolyte film and the addition of silane-modified SiO2 increases the ionic conductivity of the （PEO）8LiClO4 more noticeably. When the mass fraction of SiO2 is about 10%,the conductivity of （PEO）8LiClO4-modified SiO2 attains a maximum value of 4.8×10^-5 S·cm^-1.     

MN500阳离子交换树脂填充聚醚砜膜吸附剂对氨氮吸附的研究

以聚醚砜(PES)为膜的基质材料,以微米级粉末状阳离子交换树脂(MN500)为功能性颗粒,采用相转化的方法,制备了MN500离子交换树脂填充PES膜吸附剂,研究MN500树脂填充PES膜吸附剂对水中氨氮的吸附性能,考察了树脂填充量对膜吸附剂纯水通量影响,以及振荡时间、料液pH对氨氮吸附性能的影响.结果表明:与MN500离子交换树脂相比,MN500离子交换树脂填充膜吸附剂对氨氮的吸附容量较大;在静态条件下,膜吸附剂对水中氨氮的吸附容量为40 mg/g;在膜吸附剂吸附的初始阶段(0～90 min),吸附容量随时间快速上升,此后趋于平缓;当pH值大于8时,膜吸附剂对氨氮的吸附容量显著增加.     

Immobilization of metalloporphyrins on CeO_2@SiO_2 with a core-shell structure prepared via microemulsion method for catalytic oxidation of ethylbenzene

Ce O2@Si O2 core-shell nanoparticles were prepared by microemulsion method, and metalloporphyrins were immobilized on the Ce O2@Si O2 core-shell nanoparticles surface via amide bond. The supported metalloporphyrin catalysts were characterized by N2 adsorption-desorption isotherm(BET), scanning electron microscopy(SEM), transmission electron microscopy(TEM), X-ray diffraction(XRD), ultraviolet and visible spectroscopy(UV-Vis), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR). The results show that the morphology of Ce O2@Si O2 nanoparticles is core-shell microspheres with about 30 nm in diameter, and metalloporphyrins are immobilized on the Ce O2@Si O2 core-shell nanoparticles via amide bond. Especially, the core-shell structure contains multi Ce O2 core and thin Si O2 shell, which may benefit the synergistic effect between the Ce O2 core and the porphyrin anchored on the very thin Si O2 shell. As a result, this supported metalloporphyrin catalysts present comparably high catalytic activity and stability for oxidation of ethylbenzene with molecular oxygen, namely, ethylbenzene conversion remains around 12% with identical selectivity of about 80% for acetophenone even after six-times reuse of the catalyst.     

Ag@TiO_2核壳纳米粒子的制备与红外发射率研究

在TX-100/环己烷/正己醇/水组成的油包水（W/O）体系中,采用微乳液法制得Ag@TiO2核壳纳米粒子.采用透射电镜（TEM）,X线衍射（XRD）,红外光谱（IR）和紫外可见光谱（UV-Vis）等对其形貌和物相进行分析.利用IR-1红外发射率测量仪测定复合粒子在8～14μm波段的红外发射率.结果表明：该核壳纳米粒子粒径约50 nm,内核为面心立方的金属Ag,外壳为无定型的TiO2.被TiO2包覆后Ag核的紫外共振吸收峰与纯胶体Ag相比发生了微弱红移.高反射性能的金属Ag的引入使该核壳结构复合物的红外发射率明显降低,最低可降至0.483.Ag@TiO2核壳纳米粒子的红外发射率随着外层TiO2结晶性能的提高而下降.