Sparse representation for robust face recognition by dictionary decomposition

Sparse representation-based classification (SRC) method has gained great success in face recognition due to its encouraging and impressive performance. However, in SRC the data used to train or test are usually corrupted, and hence the performance is affected. This paper proposes a robust face recognition approach by means of learning a class-specific dictionary and a projection matrix. Firstly, the training data are decomposed into class-specific dictionary, non-class-specific dictionary, and sparse error matrix. Secondly, in order to correct the corrupted test data, the data are projected onto their corresponding underlying subspace, and a projection matrix between the original training data and the class-specific dictionary is learned. Then, the features of the class-specific dictionary and the corrected test data are extracted by using Eigenface method. Finally, the SRC is performed to classify. Extensive experiments conducted on publicly available data sets show that the proposed algorithm performs better than some state-of-the-art methods.     

基于低秩特征脸与协同表示的人脸识别算法

在人脸识别中,人脸图像往往受到表情、光照、遮挡、姿态变化的影响,对此本文提出一种基于低秩特征脸与协同表示的人脸识别算法。该算法先用低秩矩阵恢复算法分解出训练样本图像的误差图像,再分别对训练样本与误差图像提取特征构造特征字典,计算测试样本图像特征字典下的协同表示系数,最后通过重构误差进行分类。通过AR和ORL人脸库进行实验,结果表明,本文提出的人脸识别算法的识别率、识别速率得到有效提高。     

基于判别低秩矩阵恢复和稀疏表示的车标识别

针对现有的车标识别方法无法较好地处理阴影、遮挡、污损等情况下识别率低的问题,提出了基于判别低秩矩阵恢复和稀疏表示的车标识别方法。文中采用判别低秩矩阵恢复来纠正效果较差的训练样本,并通过学习一个低秩投影矩阵,将待测样本特征矩阵投影到相应低秩子空间来恢复干净的测试样本。并采用稀疏表示方式进行分类识别。同时,在Medialab LPR Database数据集上进行了对比实验,实验结果表明,该识别方法的性能要优于当前其他识别方法     

基于低秩子空间恢复的联合稀疏表示人脸识别算法

 针对阴影、反光及遮挡等原因破坏图像低秩结构这一问题,提出基于低秩子空间恢复的联合稀疏表示识别算法.首先将每个个体的所有训练样本图像看作矩阵 D ,将矩阵 D 分解为低秩矩阵 A 和稀疏误差矩阵 E ,其中 A 表示某类个体的'干净’人脸,严格遵循子空间结构, E 表示由阴影、反光、遮挡等引起的误差项,这些误差项破坏了人脸图像的低秩结构.然后用低秩矩阵 A 和误差矩阵 E 构造训练字典,将测试样本表示为低秩矩阵 A 和误差矩阵 E 的联合稀疏线性组合,利用这两部分的稀疏逼近计算残差,进行分类判别.实验证明该稀疏表示识别算法有效,识别精度得到了有效提高.     

基于含遮挡的稀疏人脸识别

本文利用稀疏表示人脸识别算法对图像中的遮挡进行检测,获取非遮挡区域,通过剔除遮挡区域来重构整个训练字典,通过实验获取了不错的效果.     

Sparsity adaptive matching pursuit for face recognition

Sparse representation methods have exhibited promising performance for pattern recognition. However, these methods largely rely on the data sparsity available in advance and are usually sensitive to noise in the training samples. To solve these problems, this paper presents sparsity adaptive matching pursuit based sparse representation for face recognition (SAMPSR). This method adaptively explores the valid training samples that exactly represent the test via iterative updating. Next, the test samples are reconstructed via the valid training samples, and classification is performed subsequently. The two-phase strategy helps to improve the discriminating power of class probability distribution, and thus alleviates effect of the noise from the training samples to some extent and correctly performs classification. In addition, the method solves the sparse coefficient by comparing the residual between the test sample and the reconstructed sample instead of using the sparsity. A large number of experiments show that our method achieves promising performance.     

Gist特征和概率协从表示的人脸识别算法

为了进一步提高基于协从表示的人脸识别系统的 性能,在概率协从表示(ProCRC)算法和字典学习的基础上提出了一 种基于Gist特征和ProCRC的GL-PCRC人脸识别算法。首先提取每副人脸图像的G ist特征,再把人脸图像的Gist 特征采用线性判别算法(LDA)方法投影到最优判别子空间,使得到的LDA特征拥有最小的类内 离散度以及最大的类间离散度;然后利用 LC-KSVD方法对LDA特征进行迭代训练从而得到新的学习字典;继而通过ProCRC算法快 速得到稀疏系数;最后通过计算测 试样本属于各个类别的概率进行分类。分别在ORL和扩展的YaleB人脸库上进行实验检测的 结果表明,与传统的协从表示方法 相比,本文给出的方案可以使人脸识别系统的性能得到显著的提升。     

有监督低秩子空间恢复的正则鲁棒稀疏表示人脸识别算法

针对训练样本和测试样本均存在光照及遮挡时,破坏图像低秩结构问题,本文提出基于监督低秩子空间恢复的正则鲁棒稀疏表示人脸识别算法。首先,将所有训练样本构造成矩阵D,对矩阵D进行监督低秩矩阵分解,分解为低秩类相关结构A,低秩类内差异结构B和稀疏误差结构E;然后用主成分分析方法找到类相关结构A低秩子空间的变换矩阵;再通过变换矩阵将训练样本和测试样本投影到低秩子空间;最后,在低秩子空间中,通过正则鲁棒稀疏编码进行加权分类识别。在AR和Extended Yale B公开人脸数据库上的实验结果验证本文算法的有效性及鲁棒性。      

原子-分子字典结合的联合扩展加权稀疏表示人脸识别算法

针对训练样本字典学习仅包含全局信息、缺乏局部信息的不足,引入与类别相关的原子字典, 提出基于原子与分子字典联合扩展的加权稀疏表示人脸识别方法。首先,对各类训练样本进行PCA学习,得到带标记的训练样本基,构造PCA基原子字典,同时将训练样本字典作为分子字典。进而,利用原子字典与分子字典结合得到扩展字典模型。测试时,根据测试样本与扩展字典基之间的距离进行加权得到与当前测试样本关联的重构字典集,最后对测试样本稀疏重构,利用残差进行分类判别。为验证本文方法有效性,分别在AR、Georgia Tech和CMU PIE人脸数据库上进行实验。      

基于低秩分解的联合动态稀疏表示多观测样本分类算法

通过互联网易获得同一对象的多个无约束的观测样本,针对如何解决无约束观测样本带来的识别困难及充分利用多观测样本数据信息提高其分类性能问题,提出基于低秩分解的联合动态稀疏表示多观测样本分类算法.该算法首先寻找到一组最佳的图像变换域,使得变换图像可以分解成一个低秩矩阵和一个相关的稀疏误差矩阵;然后对低秩矩阵和稀疏误差矩阵分别进行联合动态稀疏表示,以便充分利用类级的相关性和原子级的差异性,即使多观测样本的稀疏表示向量在类级别上分享相同的稀疏模型,而在原子级上采用不同的稀疏模型;最后利用总的稀疏重建误差进行类别判决.在CMU-PIE人脸数据库、ETH-80物体识别数据库、USPS手写体数字数据库和UMIST人脸数据库上进行对比实验,实验结果表明本方法的优越性.     

基于HOG低秩恢复与协同表征的人脸识别方法

在获取到的人脸图像不完备以及人脸图像在有遮挡、光照、表情的变化或受到噪声污染时,识别率就会变得十分低,针对这一问题,本文提出了一种基于HOG低秩恢复与协同表征的人脸识别算法HLRR_CRC.首先采用低秩恢复算法得到训练样本和测试样本的干净人脸图像,然后对测试样本中干净的人脸图像和训练样本中干净的人脸图像分别进行HOG特征提取,得到HOG特征向量,以此特征向量为基础,得到测试样本特征矢量的协同表示,最后,通过规则化残差进行分类.在ORL、Extended Yale B和AR数据库上进行测试,实验结果表明,本文算法对光照、噪声较鲁棒,相比于当前的人脸识别算法,本文算法在恶劣光照和噪声下的识别率平均提高29.6％.     

基于压缩感知的阅卷系统手写汉字识别算法

针对阅卷系统中手写汉字识别率和识别精度低的问题,文中提出一种基于压缩感知理论的阅卷系统手写汉字识别算法。该算法首先对阅卷系统手写汉字图像进行随机采样得到其特征;然后对其进行稀疏表示,并最小化其l1范数以得到样本的稀疏解;最后利用该稀疏解的系数判别测试样本的类别。该方法用对信号的随机采样替代了传统的特征提取方法,简化了算法的实现过程,同时用现有的训练样本组成训练字典,避免了复杂的训练过程。该算法在手写汉字数据库ETL9B上的识别率达到99.1%。     

自适应核协同表示在SAR目标识别中的应用

针对合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)目标识别中方位角差距大的训练样本之间存在干扰的问题,对传统协同表示字典进行了改进,得到更适应于当前测试样本且能够降低弱相关原子对系统影响的自适应字典,基于此提出了一种自适应原子选择的核函数变换协同表示算法,并在美国DARPA中的运动和静止目标获取与识别计划公开发布的SAR图像数据库上进行了验证实验.实验结果表明,相较于基于全部训练样本字典的核协同表示模型,基于自适应原子选择的核协同表示方法降低了干扰原子的不良影响,提高了对SAR目标识别的可靠性和鲁棒性.     

Extended linear regression for undersampled face recognition

Linear Regression Classification (LRC) is a newly-appeared pattern recognition method, which formulates the recognition problem in terms of class-specific linear regression with sufficient training samples per class. In this paper, we extend LRC via intraclass variant dictionary and SVD to undersampled face recognition where there are very few, or even only one, training sample per class. Intraclass variant dictionary is adopted in undersampled situation to represent the possible variation between the training and testing samples. Three types of methods, quasi-inverse, ridge regularization and Singular Value Decomposition (SVD), are designed to solve low-rank problem of data matrix. Then the whole algorithm, named Extended LRC (ELRC), is presented for face recognition via intraclass variant dictionary and SVD. The experimental results on three well-known face databases show that the proposed ELRC has better generalization ability and is more robust to classification than many state-of-the-art methods in undersampled situation.     

基于块分类稀疏表示的图像融合算法

针对基于单一字典训练稀疏表示的图像融合算法忽略图像局部特征的问题,提出了基于块分类稀疏表示的图像融合算法。此算法是根据图像局部特征的差异将图像块分为平滑、边缘和纹理三种结构类型,对边缘和纹理结构分别训练出各自的冗余字典。平滑结构利用算术平均法进行融合,边缘和纹理结构由对应字典利用稀疏表示算法进行融合,并对边缘结构稀疏表示中的残余量进行小波变换融合。实验结果证明,该算法相对于单一字典稀疏表示算法,在融合图像的主观评价和客观评价指标上都有显著改进,并且算法速度也有提高。     

Face Recognition Using Dense SIFT Feature Alignment

This paper addresses face recognition problem in a more challenging scenario where the training and test samples are both subject to the visual variations of poses,expressions and misalignments.We employ dense Scale-invariant feature transform (SIFT) feature matching as a generic transformation to roughly align training sampies;and then identify input facial images via an improved sparse representation model based on the aligned training samples.Compared with previous methods,the extensive experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our method for the task of face recognition on three benchmark datasets.     

基于稀疏表示的人脸识别鲁棒性研究

针对人脸识别算法对光照变化敏感的问题,提出一种基于光照鲁棒稀疏表示的人脸识别方法。该方法对图像作小波变换,得到光照归一化图像,通过对光照归一化后人脸图像作稀疏变换,稀疏表示分类得出测试识别结果。本文方法在Yale B人脸库上仿真实验,识别率较高,对光照、表情、遮挡具有一定的鲁棒性。     

结合潜在低秩分解和稀疏表示的脑部图像融合

针对低秩分解和稀疏表示(space representation,SR) 造成融合图像信息缺失的问题,提出一种结合潜在低秩分解和SR的脑部图像融合算法。首先,将源图像分解为低秩、稀疏和噪声3种成分,面对不同分解成分特性间的差异,分别构造低秩字典和稀疏字典进行描述:采用加权灰度值的方法处理低秩成分,以保持其轮廓和亮度特征;对于稀疏成分,设计一种多范数加权度量的方法对SR进行改进,以保持其高维信息,剔除噪声成分。比对当前主流的5种算法,在视觉效果和客观指标上,本文方法效果最优。     

Face recognition using position-dictionaries and region covariance feature

In this paper, a new sparsity formulation called position-dictionary based sparse representation is developed for frontal face recognition. Different from the sparse representation based classification (SRC) method and the Gabor-feature based SRC (GSRC) method which both employ a global dictionary to decompose image patches, the proposed method constructs a position-dictionary for each location using training patches in the corresponding location since they resemble each other and are more likely to favor the same atoms. Sparse coefficients of each position-patch can be obtained by solving an \(l_{1}\) -norm minimization problem. For each face image, sparse coefficients of position-patches are pooled to construct a discriminative upper level feature to represent face image. PCA is used to perform dimension reduction. Each testing sample is represented as a sparse linear combination of all training samples, and recognition is accomplished by evaluating which class of training samples leads to the minimum reconstruction error. We compared the proposed method with SRC and GSRC method on three benchmark face databases. Experimental results show that the proposed method achieves higher recognition rates and is robust to a certain degree of occlusions.     

基于低秩表示和学习字典的高光谱图像异常探测

提出一种基于低秩表示和学习字典的高光谱遥感图像异常探测算法.相对于其它低秩矩阵分解方法如鲁棒主成分分析,低秩表示方法更为契合高光谱图像的线性混合模型.该算法将低秩表示模型应用到高光谱图像异常探测问题上来,引入表征背景信息的学习字典,大大增强了低秩表示模型对初始参数的鲁棒性.仿真和实际高光谱数据的实验结果表明,所提出的算法有效地提高了异常的探测率,同时对初始参数具有较好的鲁棒性,可以作为一种解决高光谱图像异常探测的有效手段.