16MnDR与ZG20SiMn铸钢焊接接头的微观组织与低温性能

采用药芯焊丝气保焊方法焊接了压力容器用低温钢16MnDR和塑性、低温冲击韧性良好的ZG20SiMn铸钢。试验了焊接接头的低温拉伸、弯曲和冲击性能,结果为:焊缝和ZG20SiMn铸钢的低温强度都大于16MnDR,-40℃拉伸试验都断于16MnDR母材;-40℃侧弯试验弯曲角为90°时,在ZG20SiMn铸钢侧出现了大于3mm的裂缝;-40℃焊缝、16MnDR侧和ZG20SiMn侧热影响区的冲击值都大于标准要求的34J,-50℃时ZG20SiMn侧热影响区的冲击韧性已不足。焊缝金属中C、Si和Mn含量合适,并含有对提高低温性能有益的Ni和微量V,微观组织细小,有大量针状铁素体,故焊缝区域有很好的低温塑性和韧性。ZG20SiMn过热区的组织以贝氏体为主,有细小的缩松缺陷,故有较高的强度,弯曲试验在ZG20SiMn侧出现裂纹。     

SMA490BW耐候钢接头组织及低温力学性能研究

主要研究了SMA490BW耐候钢MAG焊接接头组织,在0~40℃温度范围内对接头进行拉伸、冲击试验,在-40℃进行弯曲试验,检测接头低温力学性能,并对冲击断口进行了分析。结果表明,接头宏观形貌成型良好,未见裂纹和明显的夹渣等焊接缺陷;焊缝组织主要为先共析铁素体、针状铁素体和粒状贝氏体,焊缝层间区组织为细小等轴晶,层间过热区呈魏氏组织形貌,热影响区的过热区晶粒粗大,正火区为细小等轴晶,不完全重结晶区组织不均匀;在0~-40℃范围内,接头拉伸试样都断裂于母材,抗拉强度和屈服强度均随温度降低而提高,焊缝和母材冲击韧性随温度降低呈下降趋势,热影响区冲击韧性对温度敏感性较小且冲击韧性最好,焊缝冲击韧性最差;在-40℃时,母材断裂模式由韧窝转变为准解理断裂,焊缝为解理断裂,热影响区为韧窝断裂;接头在-40℃条件下弯曲性能良好,未出现裂纹等表面缺陷。     

SA516Gr.60钢国产焊材焊接接头组织性能研究

采用优选的国产焊材和焊接工艺,对低温钢SA516Gr.60进行手工电弧焊接。通过化学成分测定、显微硬度试验、弯曲试验、拉伸试验、低温夏比冲击试验、断口分析及金相组织检验,研究了焊接接头组织和性能。结果表明:焊接接头具有良好的强度和塑性及低温韧性;焊缝金属组织中大量的针状铁素体存在有利于改善焊缝的低温韧性。     

LNG储罐9％Ni钢GMAW-P自动立焊接头组织与性能研究

9％Ni钢LNG大型储罐立缝的自动化焊接,是亟需解决的行业难题.本文使用GMAW-P自动焊技术对LNG储罐立缝进行施焊.为保证焊接接头的焊接质量和可靠性,通过微观组织观察、拉伸弯曲试验、冲击试验、硬度检测等研究手段对焊接接头的显微组织和力学性能进行研究.结果表明:9％Ni钢自动立焊接头焊缝成形良好,组织过渡均匀.接头整体拉伸试验在热影响区产生塑性断裂,焊缝金属拉伸性能优异,接头弯曲试验无裂纹产生,-196℃冲击试验低温韧性良好,各项力学性能符合工艺评定标准要求,为LNG大型储罐9％Ni钢自动立焊高效焊接技术的应用与推广提供一定的理论依据.     

WNQ570桥梁钢气体保护焊接头的力学性能研究

桥梁箱型结构打底焊缝的焊接主要采用气体保护焊,要求焊接接头必须具有优良的力学性能和时效性能。采用武钢研制的WER70N气保焊丝对两种状态的WNQ570桥梁钢进行气保焊试验。结果表明:接头具有优良的弯曲和拉伸性能;接头焊缝、熔合线及热影响区-40℃冲击功最低可达71 J,韧性-脆性转变温度都在-40℃以下,具有优良的冲击韧性和时效性能;焊缝表层与中心均未出现明显的硬化和软化现象;满足桥梁钢的焊接技术要求。接头的焊缝组织均为细小的先共析铁素体和针状铁素体,过热区组织均为贝氏体。     

1436LNG储罐用9Ni钢低温性能及焊接接头性能

对LNG储罐用9Ni钢板进行超低温CTOD试验;采用手工电弧焊、埋弧焊分别对9Ni钢板进行焊接,通过接头拉伸、弯曲和冲击试验,光学显微镜、扫描电镜等试验仪器对焊缝组织、热影响区组织观察,研究9Ni在两种不同焊接方法下所得到的焊接接头的微观组织及性能。结果表明:LNG储罐用9Ni钢在-196℃具有较好的强度、伸长率和韧性;焊缝组织主要由奥氏体和析出相组成,焊接热影响区组织主要由板条马氏体和板条间的残余奥氏体组成;LNG储罐用9Ni钢板焊缝的化学成分与母材匹配良好,接头强度大、低温冲击性能和弯曲性能良好。     

低活化马氏体钢激光焊接工艺与性能研究

研究了不同激光焊接工艺下低活化马氏体钢的焊缝形貌、显微硬度、常温拉伸和-40℃冲击性能,并对冲击断口形貌进行了观察。结果表明,当焊接热输入分别为1.2、1.4和1.8 k J·cm~(-1)时,低活化马氏体钢焊接接头均未出现未焊透现象。随着焊接热输入的增加,焊接接头上下表面的焊缝熔宽均呈逐渐增加的趋势。不同焊接热输入下,焊接接头的抗拉强度和屈服强度都明显高于低活化马氏体母材,且断裂位置都在母材处,而断后伸长率与母材相当。焊接热输入为1.4和1.8 k J·cm~(-1)时,焊缝区-40℃冲击功略高于基材,而热影响区-40℃冲击功与母材相当。     

超高强度钢35CrMnSi惯性摩擦焊接头组织与性能

对35CrMnSi超高强度钢进行了惯性摩擦焊试验研究,对热处理前后焊接接头组织、显微硬度进行分析测试,并对热处理后焊接接头进行了拉伸性能、冲击性能及拉伸断口分析。结果表明:焊后接头焊缝组织为板条马氏体与残余奥氏体,热力影响区组织为细小的马氏体、索氏体、珠光体和铁素体混合组织;热处理后焊缝组织为回火马氏体与少量铁素体;摩擦焊接头焊缝区的硬度高于热力影响区和母材,热处理后焊接接头硬度趋于一致,焊接接头抗拉强度大于1 890 MPa,断后伸长率大于7. 5%,焊缝区拉伸断口为混合断口;焊接接头冲击吸收能量大于18. 5J。     

大焊接热输入船板EH40气电立焊接头的组织和性能

研究了40mm厚大焊接热输入船板的单道次气电立焊接头的组织和性能.在焊接热输入达到350 kJ/cm条件下,粗晶热影响区由晶界铁素体和晶内形核铁素体80％～85％(体积分数)构成,其-20℃冲击吸收能量≥98 J;焊缝区由1～3 μm的针状铁素体和少量晶界铁素体和侧板条铁素体构成,其-20℃冲击吸收能量≥60 J.拉伸试验中焊接接头断在母材处,接头抗拉强度≥510 MPa.焊缝处硬度值最高,粗晶区发生部分软化.力学试验结果表明,焊接接头的各项性能均能满足要求.     

热切割热影响区对Q345E焊接接头组织和性能的影响

通过对火焰切割试样和机械加工试样焊接接头的抗裂性试验、拉伸试验、冲击试验、弯曲试验、显微硬度试验以及金相分析,研究了热切割热影响区对Q345E焊接接头组织和性能的影响.结果表明,火焰切割试样焊接接头的焊接热影响区比机械加工试样焊接接头的焊接热影响区宽,硬度低;两种焊接接头都具有良好的抗裂性能、冲击性能、拉伸和弯曲性能.组织大体相同:焊缝为先共析铁素体呈树枝状晶分布,热影响区为沿晶界析出的块状铁素体,母材为呈带状分布的铁素体+珠光体.所以,焊前直接采用火焰切割坡口的工艺可行.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.