我国土壤酸化成因及改良浅谈

土壤酸化问题已经成为全球环境变化的一项重要议题。土壤酸化将加速土壤酸度的下降和元素的淋失,使土壤贫瘠化;某些重要的元素的淋出则会毒害植物,如重金属等。文章主要阐述了我国土壤酸化成因、危害及酸性土壤改良措施。     

我国土壤酸化成因及改良浅谈

土壤酸化问题已经成为全球环境变化的一项重要议题.土壤酸化将加速土壤酸度的下降和元素的淋失,使土壤贫瘠化;某些重要的元素的淋出则会毒害植物,如重金属等.文章主要阐述了我国土壤酸化成因、危害及酸性土壤改良措施.     

新型腐殖酸土壤调理剂的作用机理和应用研究

概述了我国土壤酸化和稻田镉污染的现状,对新型腐殖酸土壤调理剂的作用机制进行了初步研究。根据田间试验资料,论证了新型腐殖酸土壤调理剂对治理酸性土壤和修复被镉污染农田具有一定作用,可应用于农业生产中。     

胶东半岛果园土壤酸化状况及调控技术

生产苹果的效益高,果农投入肥料过量,且偏重氮肥,导致果园土壤酸化。介绍酸化土壤的改良及调控技术;酸土改良剂的配方原理。使用酸土改良剂改良酸化的果园,既中和了土壤酸度,又改善了果树的生育性状,提高了果品品质。     

活性腐植酸在保护地连作土壤上的应用研究

采用田间试验的方法,对于连作5年的温室黄瓜和连作4年的温室番茄,进行活性腐植酸不同组合的施肥试验研究。结果表明:活性腐植酸能够降低土壤容重,提高田间持水量;增加土壤有机质和有效养分含量,提高保护地土壤pH值,减缓土壤酸化,降低土壤含盐量;还能够提高土壤微生物数量,提高土壤酶活性、土壤温度和土壤呼吸速率。     

新型腐殖酸土壤调理剂的作用机理和应用研究

概述了我国土壤酸化和稻田镉污染的现状,对新型腐殖酸土壤凋理剂的作用机制进行了初步研究。以玉米、水稻为试验作物进行田间试验,研究新型腐殖酸土壤调理剂对玉米、水稻经济性状及产量的影响。结果表明,该调理剂可改善玉米、水稻经济性状,提高二者产量,增产幅度分别为8．2％～15．0％、8．0％～13．4％。     

土壤酸化的防护与治理研究进展

随着工业化和城市化的不断发展,土壤酸化加剧的问题愈演愈烈,本文就土壤酸化的成因、所造成的影响以及所采取的措施三个主要方面,对近几十年来国内外的相关研究进行了对比与总结,旨在为解决土壤酸化加剧趋势和进一步的土壤酸化研究提供参考和理论依据。     

徐州市城区土壤pH值、 有机质与磁化率特征研究

采用野外调查与室内分析相结合的方法,对徐州市城区表层土壤进行了系统采样分析,测定其pH值、有机质和磁化率,并结合相关分析法研究土壤有机质和磁化率间的相关关系。结果表明,徐州市城区土壤总体上呈碱性,但也存在酸化趋势;土壤有机质含量偏低但不同区域差异较大;土壤磁化率总体偏高而频率磁化率较低,表现出污染土壤特征。相关分析表明,土壤有机质含量与磁化率间的相关性较弱,反映了土壤受人为活动的影响较为强烈。     

徐州市城区表层土壤的理化性质研究

采用野外调查与室内分析相结合的方法,对徐州市城区表层土壤(0～10 cm)的理化性质进行研究。结果表明,城区土壤有酸化的趋势;土壤有机质及全量氮磷钾含量均低于该地区自然褐土;受人为作用方式与强度不同的影响,土壤有效氮磷钾含量表现出较大的差异性。     

重金属污染土壤钝化修复技术研究

从离子交换与吸附、沉淀作用、络合作用及氧化还原作用的角度介绍了钝化技术修复土壤的机理。将目前广泛使用的钝化材料进行分类,主要包含石灰类、含磷类、炭材料类、黏土矿类及有机堆肥类钝化材料,分别阐述了其对重金属污染土壤的修复效果,并指出在修复过程中可能产生的问题。并由实际应用、修复效果评价机制与标准、修复效果稳定性和钝化材料长期环境影响等方面,对推行钝化技术修复重金属污染土壤作出展望。     

改良劣质土壤是保障人类健康和农业可持续发展的基础

介绍了劣质土壤的种类有酸化、碱化、盐化、有机质含量降低、土壤微生物环境生态失衡、外因环境污染造成的6种,阐述了各种劣质土壤形成的原因、危害及防治措施.大量试验结果表明,应用“阔立”牌土壤改良系列产品可有效抑制、改良劣质土壤,对人类健康和农业可持续发展具有重大意义.     

我国设施农业土壤障碍现状

近年来我国设施农业发展迅猛,但存在明显的重建设、轻管理的倾向,以致造成土壤板结,土壤次生盐渍化,土壤酸化,土壤微生物区与土壤酶的失衡,出现了明显的土壤障碍问题。提出若干改良土壤的措施。     

Vegetable cultivation under greenhouse conditions leads to rapid accumulation of nutrients,acidification and salinity of soils and groundwater contamination in South-Eastern China

Vegetable cultivation during winter season is economically profitable, but the impact of the intensive production on soil and water quality remains to be studied. The objectives of this study were to investigate the seasonal dynamics of soil nutrients, acidification and salt accumulation in vegetable fields in South-Eastern China. Various vegetables were grown either under open-field conditions or under two different alternating open-field and greenhouse conditions with three replications. Soil samples were collected periodically and analyzed for pH, plant available nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P), potassium (K), electrical conductivity (EC), and urease activity. Water samples from wells located in or near the plots were collected and analyzed for nitrate. Soil nitrate, available phosphate and salt concentrations declined in summer under open-field conditions and significantly increased from December to May under greenhouse conditions. Exchangeable K also decreased in summer season, but did not increase in the spring. Under alternating open-field and greenhouse conditions, nutrient accumulation, soil salinity and acidification were significantly higher for soil used for vegetable cultivation for 2 years (2-y-plot) than that for only half year (0.5-y-plot). The accumulation of nitrate significantly correlated with soil EC and soil acidification. Thirty-two percent of groundwater samples from the 2-y-plot showed a nitrate concentration higher than 50 mg NO₃ l⁻¹. Conversely, no groundwater sample of 0.5-y-plot showed such high nitrate concentration. It can be concluded that the nitrate accumulation in soil used for vegetable cultivation under alternating open-field and greenhouse conditions not only causes soil salinization and soil acidification but also presents a high pollution potential for groundwater.     

垫土法植物修复石油污染土壤的试验研究

进行了紫花苜蓿、白三叶、黑麦草和苇状羊茅在不同浓度石油污染土壤中的存活率实验、石油降解实验和在水培养条件下的根部生长观察实验。并采用垫土法对高浓度石油污染土壤进行了120d的植物修复实验。结果表明,禾本类植物黑麦草和苇状羊茅比豆科类植物紫花苜蓿和白三叶更适于石油污染土壤的修复;垫土法可使植物种子发芽生根．增强了植物对石油污染的抗胁迫能力,但植物产生了大量高毒性的芳烃代谢产物,对根际微生物产生毒害。因而芳烃组分降解效率低;禾本类植物明显优于豆科类植物,在一定程度上更适合修复高浓度石油污染土壤。     

Use of elemental sulphur to enhance a cadmium solubilization and its vegetative removal from contaminated soil

To a soil artificially contaminated with cadmium, orthorhombic sulphur flower and a hydrophillic microbially produced elemental sulphur were added to induce the soil acidification. The soil was incubated in pots under opensky conditions. pH, sulphate, and cadmium solubility were recorded in time. Soil acidification with microbially produced sulphur proceeded without any delay and at considerably higher rates, compared to the sulphur flower. Cadmium solubilization was solely controlled by the soil pH during the experiments. Similar experiments with cultivation of common mustard (Sinapis alba, cultivar JARA) were performed, evaluating both changes of cadmium solubilization and uptake by biomass. Cadmium concentration in shoots increased with decreasing pH. However, biomass was negatively affected by the decreasing pH. Combining these two effects, a pH-optimum for maximum cadmium removal from the soil by plants was found at pH=5–5.5.     

土壤污染现状及治理措施

阐述了土壤污染的特征、危害和现状,并从物理修复、化学修复和生物修复三方面简要介绍了土壤修复措施,旨在为土壤修复提供科学依据。     

土壤多环芳烃的生物修复研究

多环芳烃(polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,PAHs)是环境中普遍存在的具有代表性的一类重要持久性有机污染物,具"三致性"、难降解性,在土壤环境中不断积累,严重危害着土壤的生产和生态功能、农产品质量和人类健康。修复土壤多环芳烃污染已成为研究的焦点。生物修复技术因具有成本低、无二次污染、可大面积应用等独特优点而越来越受到人们的重视,是目前最具潜力的土壤修复技术之一。