铝电解废槽衬的污染及对策分析

废槽衬是电解铝工业不可避免的固体废物,每生产一吨原铝约外排30 kg废槽衬。由于含有较多的可溶氟化物和氰化物,废槽衬对生态环境危害较大。露天堆存废槽衬是被禁止的,因为废槽衬易与雨水或空气中水分发生反应导致集中污染。填埋处理可以暂时解决废槽衬的污染,但其投资高、难维护,多数电解铝厂难以接受。对废槽衬进行无害化处理,不仅可彻底解决废槽衬的污染问题,而且可使氟化盐得到循环利用,并回收废槽衬固体渣用作水泥生产的原料。     

废槽衬综合利用新技术

美铝波特兰铝业有限公司研究开发出了废槽衬综合利用的新技术，所产出的产品得到了澳大利亚维多利亚环保局的认可。废槽衬（SpentPotLining，简称SPL）是世界电解铝工业长期以来最受困扰的环境污染源，如何处置废槽衬，使之变废为宝，造福人类是世界电解铝工业界所面临的巨大挑战。美铝波特兰铝业有限公司现是美铝公司、日本丸红公司和中国国际信托资公司共同投资的合资公司，于１９８６年投产，生产电解铝。从那时起该公司就开始了对废槽衬处理的研究，该公司把废槽衬堆积起来，寻求并开发有效处理废槽衬的技术，以取代全世界大多数电解…     

企业动态

<正>中国铝业首条铝电解废槽衬无害化处理生产线成功投运近日,中国铝业首条铝电解废槽衬无害化处理生产线在包头铝业成功投运,标志着中铝公司对铝电解槽大修产生的危险废弃物无害化处理技术达到国内先进水平,实现了对铝电解废槽衬无害化处理技术与环保产业的顺利对接。据了解,电解槽在运行6到8年后大修时清除的废槽衬含有氟化物,属于危险废物。危险废物必须在具有"三防"功能的场地进行临时储存,并委托有资质的单位进行处置。经与危废处置单位咨询,     

废槽衬火法处理过程热力学分析

采用自由焓函数法计算了废槽衬火法处理过程中几个主要反应的自由焓变化,分析了各反应可能的方向和趋势,其结果将为选择废槽衬无害化处理工艺提供基础数据。     

铝电解废槽衬工艺矿物学分析

铝电解废槽衬中含较多的有价资源（碳和电解质等），但因其成分复杂、有用矿物紧密共生，回收时存在有用矿物回收率不理想、纯度低、处理成本高等问题，限制了废槽衬的回收利用。采用XRF、XRD、SEM-EDS、MLA等检测手段，对某铝电解废槽衬样品进行完整、详细的工艺矿物学分析。结果表明：废槽衬样品中碳的含量约占67%，此外还含有碳化硅、冰晶石、β-氧化铝、霞石、氟化钠、水碱、树脂及少量非晶态物质。可回收矿物包括碳、氟化钠及冰晶石，其中碳含有较多杂质且内部存在β-氧化铝（NaAl7O11）和大量微细粒包裹体，是造成碳回收困难的主要原因；氟化钠主要以颗粒状的形式与微细粒氟化钙紧密共生，使净化电解质的工艺变得复杂；冰晶石则以不规则粒状形式嵌布于碳内部，此外少数冰晶石与氟化钙或氟化钠紧密共生或连生。     

电解铝工业危废处置技术现状与发展趋势

详细介绍了国内外电解铝大修渣处置技术的发展现状,分析和研究我国电解铝大修渣的处置技术面临的瓶颈和问题,围绕政策、传统技术以及国外技术在国内推广情况进行剖析,指出了我国电解铝危废大修渣废槽衬和废阴极的处置技术发展方向。     

中铝首条废槽衬无害化处理示范线稳定运行150天

<正>由中铝郑州研究院提供完全技术支撑的中铝公司首条废槽衬无害化处理示范线,于2017年3月在包头铝业公司落成后,历经打通全流程、一次性带料试车和消缺整改等阶段,顺利实现长期运行。截至9月11日已连续稳定运行150天,共计处理废槽衬2 997 t。处理后的无害化废渣和循环水溶液中可溶氟离子和可溶氰离子含量指标,优于国家标准,真正     

铝电解槽废防渗料回收再利用的技术研究

针对铝电解废防渗料工业固废的无害化处置困难的问题,开展基于防渗料成分研究基础上,研究开发复合添加剂,使废防渗料通过物理处理和成品防渗料调配,即可满足防渗料成分和性能,达到电解槽废槽衬中废防渗料回收再利用目的。文章中通过试验室化验,现场优化,最终成功突破技术瓶颈,收到良好的效果。     

铝电解槽衬废弃物危废无害化处置技术研究

电解铝大修废槽衬处理,主要针对不同的电解槽内衬固体废弃物处理,进行无害化资源化的处理,伊电控股集团和东北大学在2007年承担国家发改委国家重大产业技术专项《电解铝固体废弃物无害化处理与综合利用技术开发》项目,即开始对铝电解大修废内衬材料处理技术进行研究。近年来受日益严峻的环保和巨大量电解危废处理压力。电解铝企业对大修废槽村综合处理得到广泛的重视,不同处理技术探索研究广泛的开展。铝电解槽内衬废料处理一般分为废阴极碳块、侧部碳块和其它电解槽内衬废弃保温耐火材料,前者可实现资源化利用技术处理,后者则主要进行危险固废无害化处理。     

聚丙烯酸洗槽技术在冷轧生产的应用及展望

酸洗槽是去除热轧板表面氧化铁皮的主体设备,传统酸洗槽设计多选用碳钢衬胶再衬耐酸砖结构,制造工序复杂,维护困难。近年来,聚丙烯(PP)材质以其优越的机械加工性能和耐化学品性能得到广泛应用。对比PP酸洗槽和传统钢衬胶再衬砖结构,PP酸洗槽质量轻,便于运输、安装和质量控制,在越来越多的新旧生产线上取代传统的钢结构形式。分析PP酸洗槽设计方面纵向热膨胀以及回酸口的焊接问题,给出了解决的方案,并展望了PP酸洗槽的应用前景。     

LF炉精炼废渣循环利用的研究进展

由于LF炉精炼废渣带来的堆放占地和环境污染等问题日益突出,因此,开展精炼废渣循环利用的研究对 企业的节能减排具有重要意义。从熔融态和固态两方面分析了精炼废渣循环利用的研究现状及目前存在的问题。 提出去硫是今后精炼废渣循环利用研究的关键,处理熔融态废渣时可选择将废渣倒入其他容器中,然后再吹入空 气将渣中的硫脱除;对于固态废渣,可通过控制碱度和冷却方式使渣中的硫以CaS的形式存在继而采用水化和氧 化的方法将硫去除。     

铝电解废炭素阴极利用现状及发展趋势

铝电解槽废阴极是目前铝电解生产最大宗的固体废弃物。分析了废阴极中的有用成分,综合论述了废阴极的处理现状。提出采用浮选和碱浸工艺可有效回收利用其中的炭和冰晶石。     

What's love got to do with it? Social functioning, perceived health, and daily happiness in married octogenarians.

This study examined day-to-day links between perceived health and happiness and between time spent with others and happiness in 47 older adult couples over an 8-day period. Marital satisfaction and time spent with others were explored as potential moderators of links between health and happiness. For both men and women, hierarchical linear modeling revealed daily links between more time spent with others and greater happiness. Daily links between time spent with one's partner and happiness were strongly moderated by marital satisfaction. For both men and women, marital satisfaction buffered day-to-day links between poorer perceived health and a decline in happiness, but time spent with others did not. This study provides support for the role of marital satisfaction in protecting older adults' happiness from daily fluctuations in perceived physical health and for the influence of social connections in promoting happiness in the lives of older adults. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

废锂离子动力电池三元正极材料回收研究进展

随着锂电行业的发展,废锂离子动力电池也逐渐增多,为保护环境、缓解金属资源需求紧张的局面,需对废锂离子动力电池中的有价元素进行回收。分别从正极材料分离、浸出、有价金属分离、合成前驱体等方面论述了废锂离子动力电池三元正极材料回收研究现状,并分析了废锂离子动力电池三元正极材料回收优缺点,展望了废锂离子动力电池三元正极材料回收的研究方向。     

The significance of time spent in answering personality inventories.

Rankings of electronic sales engineers with respect to success in sales were correlated with ratios of time spent on inventories over time spent on all tests. The highest correlations were sales inventories as related to total time on all tests. The hypothesis that more time would be spent on sales personality and sales interest inventories was supported. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

不锈钢酸洗废液循环利用试验

提出一种能够回收不锈钢酸洗废液中有价金属,同时能够实现废酸的循环利用的方法。该方法既重复利用了废酸,又得到副产品金属氟化物。实验室条件下模拟了酸洗废液多次循环结晶沉淀试验;分析废酸循环过程中物料平衡,并以循环1kg的酸洗废液为例,对其循环流程中的物质进行了物料守恒计算。在确保废酸循环前提下,计算了所需向结晶沉淀后的酸洗废液中添加的HNO3、HF以及H2O的量,确定了循环利用酸洗废液中废酸的可能性。     

Processing of spent molybdenum-bearing catalysts from petrochemical synthesis

Technologies for processing spent molybdenum-bearing catalysts from petrochemical production are reviewed. The degree of molybdenum-trioxide extraction from the spent catalysts is presented for different technologies. Pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical methods, when used individually, do not ensure the required molybdenum-trioxide extraction. The pros and cons of direct alloying of steel with spent catalysts through the slag phase are outlined. The processing of hydrometallurgically treated catalysts to obtain slag mixtures for steel refining is described. An optimal multistage processing method for the catalysts is considered. By that means, waste-free processing of the spent catalysts is possible. On that basis, calcium molybdate may be used instead of ferroalloys for steel treatment in the ladle–furnace unit.     

Integrated System for Remediation of Contaminated Soils

A pilot-scale study was conducted to evaluate an integrated system for the remediation of soils contaminated primarily with pentachlorophenol (PCP), a wood preserver. The integrated soil remediation system consisted of three unit processes: (1) Soil solvent washing; (2) solvent recovery; and (3) biotreatment of the contaminant residual. Pilot-scale countercurrent solvent washing was carried out using a 95% ethanol solution—a solvent that in an earlier bench-scale study was found to be effective in removing PCP and hydrocarbons (HCs) from soils. Three-stage countercurrent solvent washing of a field-contaminated soil was performed using batches of 7.5 kg of soil and 30 L of solvent (1 kg:4 L soil-to-solvent contact ratio). The washed soil was rinsed with water in a single stage after three countercurrent wash stages. Pilot-scale, three-stage countercurrent solvent washing with 95% ethanol reduced the PCP and HC contamination on the soil by 98 and 95%, respectively. The spent solvent and the spent rinse water were combined as the spent wash fluid for further treatment. A pilot-scale distillation unit was used to recover the ethanol from the spent wash fluid. The HC constituents of the spent wash fluid were removed by pH adjustment prior to feeding the spent wash fluid to a distillation unit. Greater than 96% of the ethanol in the spent wash fluid was recovered in the distillate stream, whereas PCP was captured in the bottoms stream. The bottoms stream was treated sequentially in anaerobic and aerobic granular-activated carbon fluidized-bed reactors. Complete mineralization of PCP was achieved using this treatment train.