ZK60镁合金高应变速率压缩变形的流变行为及显微组织(英文)

在250~400°C的温度范围和0.1-50 s-1的应变速率范围内对ZK60合金进行压缩变形,对其流变行为和显微组织进行研究。结果表明,在低应变速率(0.1~1 s-1)下压缩变形时,再结晶主要发生在初始晶界上;在高应变速率(10~50 s-1)下压缩变形时,再结晶同时在初始晶界和孪晶上发生。合金在应变速率10~50 s-1和温度250~350°C的变形条件下获得均匀、细小的再结晶组织。因此,合金的最佳热加工工艺范围为应变速率10~50 s-1、变形温度250~350°C。高应变速率压缩变形条件下的孪生诱发动态再结晶过程分三步,首先,高位错密度孪晶分割初始晶粒;然后,孪晶内的位错发生重排形成亚晶;最后,随着应变的增加而形成再结晶晶粒。     

AZ61镁合金高温变形行为及热加工图

采用Gleeble-1500热模拟试验机对AZ61镁合金在变形温度为250~400℃、应变速率为0.001~10.000s-1条件下进行热压缩试验,研究了合金的热压缩变形行为及热加工图。结果表明,合金在高应变速率(10.000s-1)变形条件下具有较高的能量耗散率;该工艺范围内动态再结晶同时在初始晶界和孪晶上发生,合金具有较高的再结晶程度。因此,变形温度为250~400℃、应变速率为10.000s-1是较好的热加工工艺。     

AZ31B镁合金的低温压缩变形机制

利用Geeble1500热模拟实验机对双辊连续铸轧AZ31B镁板在变形温度为100℃,应变速率为10-3s-1的条件下进行单轴压缩变形,并利用金相显微镜和透射电子显微镜对其微观组织进行观察。结果表明:在上述的条件下变形时,合金中产生大量的孪晶,孪晶与孪晶之间相互交截,在孪晶界及孪晶交截区出现大量的位错,并且有动态再结晶核心及再结晶小晶粒,说明该合金中动态再结晶形核位置主要为孪晶界及孪晶-孪晶交截区。     

AZ91D镁合金高温压缩过程中的微观组织演变

采用Gleeble-1500热模拟实验机对AZ91D镁合金在400℃、0．01s^-1的条件下进行不同压缩真应变量（1％、10％、60％、100％）的高温压缩实验，利用光学显微镜、透射电镜观察压缩变形过程中合金的显微组织演变。结果表明：在压缩变形的初始阶段，{101^-2}孪生是主要的变形机制，孪晶的尺寸较大；在随后的变形过程中孪晶发生破碎，尺寸变小；随着变形的进一步进行，孪晶之问相互交叉，在孪晶界及孪晶交叉畸变较大的区域成为再结晶的形核区。     

2519铝合金热变形组织演化

采用Gleeble-1500热模拟实验机研究2519铝合金高温变形组织演化行为。利用光学显微镜（OM）及透射电子显微镜（TEM）分析合金在不同压缩条件下的组织形貌特征。结果表明,2519铝合金在变形温度为300-450℃、应变速率为0．01～1s^-1条件下,仅发生动态回复;而在变形温度为350-450℃,变形速率为10s^-1的条件下变形时,发生动态再结晶,动态再结晶机制为连续动态再结晶和几何动态再结晶。     

连续柱状晶铜基合金BFe10-1-1的动态再结晶研究

采用Gleeble-1500热模拟机,在变形温度750-900℃,应变速率0.01-10s~(-1)的条件下,对连续柱状晶BFe10-1-1合金进行了高温压缩变形,研究了合金的动态再结晶行为.结果表明,动态再结晶温度在850℃左右;热激活能Q=427.937kJ/mol,高于同成分的等轴晶BFe10-1-1合金;当ln Z<43时,合金发生部分动态再结晶;当43≤ln Z≤51时,发生部分动态再结晶(850和900℃)或不发生动态再结晶(750和800℃),为该合金发生动态再结晶的中间区域;当ln Z>51时,该合金不发生动态再结晶.存在发生动态再结晶的ln Z值中间区域以及热激活能较高,表明具有连续柱状晶组织的金属与等轴多晶金属发生动态再结晶的机理有所不同.在本文工艺参数范围内,随应变速率增大,合金发生动态再结晶的区域有所扩大;动态再结晶晶粒易在合金晶界处以晶界弓弯方式形核,形成的再结晶晶粒在晶界扩张的同时,在晶内形成孪晶,并以孪生动态再结晶方式演变成晶粒带.     

应变速率对GH690高温合金热变形特性的影响（英文）

为阐明应变速率对GH690高温合金热变形特性的影响,采用Gleeble-3800热力模拟试验机,通过变形温度范围为1000~1200°C、应变速率范围为0.001~10 s~(-1)的等温热压缩实验研究了该合金的热变形行为。结果表明:流变应力对应变速率变化敏感,动态再结晶是主要的软化机制;0.1 s~(-1)是1000°C热变形过程中的临界应变速率。绝热温升使得动态再结晶过程与应变速率密切相关;应变速率对热变形过程中的非连续动态再结晶和连续动态再结晶具有显著影响;孪晶可促进动态再结晶形核,Σ3~n(n=1,2,3)晶界在中等应变速率0.1 s~(-1)条件下含量较低。     

奥氏体不锈钢321合金不同应变速率下动态再结晶分析

以奥氏体不锈钢321合金为研究对象,通过EBSD和TEM等方法,分析在950～1250℃变形温度和0. 001～1 s~(-1)应变速率条件下的不连续动态再结晶(DDRX)行为。研究结果表明:当变形温度上升后,合金中更多晶粒发生了再结晶转变的过程,同时,再结晶晶粒的尺寸也显著增大;当应变速率上升后,再结晶晶粒的数量发生了降低的现象,并且其尺寸也明显减小。在温度较高而应变速率较小的情况下,晶粒将会在三叉晶界部位发生形核,此时晶界也很容易发生迁移的现象;而在较低温度以及应变速率很大的情况下,稠密位错墙也会对再结晶形核过程造成较大影响。当真应变逐渐增大后,小角晶界随之减少,同时形成了更多大角晶界与孪晶。与传统DDRX相比可以发现,此时的孪晶在初始变形阶段出现了降低的现象。     

预孪晶AQ80镁合金热压缩本构方程及热加工图

采用Gleeble-3500热模拟试验机,对预孪晶AQ80镁合金在变形温度为250~400℃、应变速率为1×10~(-3)~5 s~(-1)条件下进行热压缩实验。预孪晶AQ80镁合金本构方程的建立通过Arrhenius双曲正弦函数推导而来。基于动态材料模型,建立在应变量为0.1、0.3和0.5下的热加工图。结果表明:预孪晶AQ80镁合金的流变应力随着变形温度升高和应变速率下降而减小,热加工图中耗散峰值(η=48%)区出现在低温低应变速率范围(250~280℃,1×10~(-3) s~(-1))。结合热加工图和其对应区域的金相组织进行分析得出:应变量为0.5的失稳区在温度为250~400℃、应变速率为0.1~5 s~(-1)范围内;然而,加工安全区在温度为300~400℃、应变速率在1×10~(-3)~1×10~(-2) s~(-1)范围内,组织特征表现为动态再结晶。     

Mg-Y-Nd-Zr合金的高温变形行为与热加工性能

研究了一种Mg—YNd—Zr合金在300--500℃和应变速率为0．001—1s^-1条件下的高温变形行为利用动态材料模型构建了热加工图，结合组织观察结果认为，该合金在450—500℃、应变速率约为0．01s^-1。条件下发生动态再结晶；而温度高于450℃、应变速率约为0．005s^-1时，材料发生晶界开裂；温度低于350℃、应变速率约为0．01s^-1时，材料在变形过程中由于机械孪生导致开裂；温度为450℃左右、应变速率高于0．5s^-1时，材料在变形过程中发生剪切开裂．     

用热加工图研究铸态和挤压态ZE41A镁合金的热加工性能

采用热加工图研究铸态和挤压态ZE41A镁合金的热变形行为和组织演变。在温度250-450℃,应变速率0.001-1.0s-1的条件下,对铸态和挤压态合金进行抗压测试,建立热加工图。通过显微组织观察确定动态再结晶和不稳定区域。挤压态ZE41A镁合金比铸态合金具有较高的流变应力,较高的能量损耗率和较小的不稳定区域。由于晶粒的细化、材料孔隙度的降低、硬化和强化,挤压态镁合金具有良好的热加工性能。     

Mg-10Gd-2Y-0．6Zr合金热压缩变形及其微观组织研究

采用GLEEBLE-1500热模拟机对Mg-10Gd-2Y-O．6Zr合金在温度为350-450℃,变形速率为0．001～0．5s,最大变形程度为50％的条件下,进行了恒应变速率高温压缩模拟试验研究,分析了合金高温变形时流变应力与应变速率及变形温度之间的关系以及组织变化。结果表明：合金的稳态流变应力随应变速率的增大而增大,随温度的升高而降低;在给定的变形条件下,计算出合金的变形激活能和应力指数分别为223kJ／mol和6．9,建立了合金高温变形的本构方程;根据试验分析,合金变形温度为400℃,变形速率为0．5s^-1,或变形温度为450℃,变形速率为0．1s^-1下进行热压缩,可以得到组织结构均匀和热翅性加工良好的匹配．     

Effects of deformation parameters on microstructure and mechanical properties of magnesium alloy AZ31B

Plastic deformation and dynamic recrystallization (DRX) behaviors of magnesium alloy AZ31B during thermal compression and extrusion processes were studied.In addition, effects of deformation temperature and rates on the microstructure and mechanical properties were investigated.The results show that the DRX grains nucleate initially at the primary grain boundaries and the twin boundaries, and the twinning plays an important role in the grain refinement.The DRX grain size depends on the deformation temperature and strain rate The average grain size is only 1 μm when the strain rate is 5 s-1 and temperature is 250 ℃.It is also found that the DRX grain can grow up quickly at the elevated temperature.The microstructure of extruded rods was consisted of tiny equal-axis DRX grains and some elongated grains.The rods extruded slowly have tiny grains and exhibit good mechanical properties.     

挤压态AZ80镁合金的热变形行为

通过热压缩实验,研究挤压态AZ80镁合金在变形温度为250-450℃,应变速率为0.001-10 s-1条件下的热变形行为。采用经过温升修正的流变应力计算该合金的Zener-Hollomon参数（Z参数）。结果表明,挤压态AZ80镁合金适宜的变形条件为应变速率0.1 s-1、变形温度350-400℃。另外,讨论了显微组织演化与Z参数之间的关系。在高温及低应变速率（低Z参数）时,合金发生了完全再结晶并产生了大的再结晶晶粒。综合考虑加工图和显微组织,变形温度400℃、应变速率0.1 s-1是合金适宜的热变形条件。     

THE HOT DEFORMATION BEHAVIOR AND DYNAMIC RECRYSTALLIZATION MODEL OF 35CrMo STEEL

The isothermal single-stage compression of 35CrMo structural steel has been carried out by using Gleeble 1500 simulator at the temperature range of 950℃ to 1150℃ and strain rate range of 0.01s-1 to 10s-1. The effect of hot deformation parameters, such as strain rate, deformed temperature and initial grain size on the flow stress behavior was investigated. The activation energy of tested alloy was calculated, which is 378.16kJ/mol; The relationships between the peak stress (σp), the peak stain (εp), the critical strain (εc) and Z parameter were established. The micro structure evolution shows the pre-existing austenite grain boundaries constitute the principal nucleation sites for dynamic recrystallization (DRX), and the initial austenite grain size affects the grain size of DRX slightly. The kinetic mathematical model of DRX of 35CrMo is: XDRX=1-exp(-3.23-2.28) and Ddyn = 2.252× 10Z-0.22.     

Warm deformation mechanism of hot-rolled Mg alloy

Tension attachment of high temperature microscopy was proposed to research the microstructure evolution and plastic behavior of AZ31 magnesium,alloy in a temperature range of 473-523 K and a load range of 80-160 N.Transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was utilized to observe the morphology of twins after deformation process.The results show that as Zener-Hollomon parameter Z increases(temperature falls,strain rate rises),the peak stress obviously increases,while the ductility tends to become worse.A grea...     

Effect of temperature on microstructure and texture evolution of Mg-Zn-Er alloy during hot compression

The microstructure and texture evolutions in Mg-Zn-Er alloy during hot compression were investigated by using optical microscope (OM), field emission scanning electron microscope (EBSD) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The results indicate that the temperature plays an important role in dynamic recrystallization (DRX) mechanism. The twin dynamic recrystallization (TDRX) is induced at a strain of 0.6 because of the activation of non-basal slip «a+c» dislocations at 200 °C. Meanwhile, the continuous DRX (CDRX) occurs at 350 °C, which is identified by the typical necklace-like structure around the residual initial grains. The DRX contributes to the modification of texture significantly. The tension twins are responsible for the weak texture at 200 °C. Meanwhile, the decrease in the basal texture is ascribed to the DRX sites which transfer from twin boundaries to initial grain boundaries as the temperature is increased from 200 to 350 °C.     

Deformation Mechanism and Hot Workability of Extruded Magnesium Alloy AZ31

Using the flow stress curves obtained by Gleeble thermo-mechanical testing, the processing map of extruded magnesium alloy AZ31 was established to analyze the hot workability. Stress exponent and activation energy were calculated to characterize the deformation mechanism. Then, the effects of hot deformation parameters on deformation mechanism,microstructure evolution and hot workability of AZ31 alloy were discussed. With increasing deformation temperature, the operation of non-basal slip systems and full development of dynamic recrystallization(DRX) contribute to effective improvement in hot workability of AZ31 alloy. The influences of strain rate and strain are complex. When temperature exceeds 350 °C, the deformation mechanism is slightly dependent of the strain rate or strain. The dominant mechanism is dislocation cross-slip, which favors DRX nucleation and grain growth and thus leads to good plasticity. At low temperature(below 350 °C), the deformation mechanism is sensitive to strain and strain rate. Both the dominant deformation mechanism and inadequate development of DRX deteriorate the ductility of AZ31 alloy. The flow instability mainly occurs in the vicinity of 250 °C and 1 s-1.     

大塑性变形镁合金的晶粒细化(英文)

采用电子背散射技术(EBSD)定量研究AZ31镁合金在225~400°C往复挤压大变形过程中的晶粒细化。结果表明:在225°C往复挤压3道次即获得了超细晶AZ31镁合金。随着变形温度的降低,变形组织的平均位相差和大角度晶界的比例逐渐增加。在3道次的AZ31组织中,只发现少量的{1 012}孪晶,位错滑移是主要的变形机制。施密特因子计算表明,在225~350°C变形时,锥面滑移系{1011}1 120被大量激活。而在400°C变形时,基面滑移系{0001}1 120被大量激活。亚晶界的详细分析为连续动态再结晶在镁合金大变形过程中晶粒细化的重要作用提供了直接的证据。     

锻态C-276镍基合金热变形行为及热加工图

为研究锻态C-276镍基合金的热变形行为,采用Gleeble-3180D热模拟试验机对该合金在变形温度950~1200℃以及应变速率0.01~10 s^-1条件下进行一系列热压缩实验。结果表明,合金的流变应力曲线都呈现明显的动态再结晶特征,并且流变应力随变形温度的提升或者应变速率的下降而降低。根据Arrhenius模型构建该合金峰值应力下的本构方程,得出合金的变形激活能为510.484 kJ/mol。依据材料动态模型绘制合金在0.6应变下的热加工图,并结合组织分析提出该合金最优的热加工参数为(1100℃,0.01 s^-1)以及(1150℃,0.01~1 s^-1)。另外,合金的组织变化规律表明,温度的增加或应变速率的降低能够促进合金的动态再结晶晶粒的形核与长大。