制药企业洁净厂房百级洁净区HVAC系统探讨

根据药品生产厂房洁净区的特点,介绍药品生产厂房百级区温、湿度控制及补充新风方式,百级区循环风处理方式及循环风回风方式。     

悬浮粒子在线监测系统设计实例

按照中国《药品生产质量管理规范》（2010修订的新版GMP）附录1的要求,对于洁净区A级区,在关键工艺（包括设备的组装）的全过程中,应当对悬浮粒子进行连续的监测,同时在B级区采用相似的系统。为此,我公司在新建车间的分装线A级区,安装了悬浮粒子的在线监测系统,对A级洁净区的悬浮粒子进行了有效的监控。     

模块式负压密封型层流罩实验研究

介绍了一种具有软围挡的局部净化装置——模块式负压密封型层流罩的结构特点,并对其单向流特性、洁净特性、及其围挡特性等进行了实验研究。实验研究结果表明,该装置在设计工况运行时符合单向流洁净区指标要求,空态时达到GB50073-2001标准中洁净度3级。文章最后指出了它在医药工业等领域中推广应用的前景。     

百级重症监护病房洁净系统可靠性研究

目的:百级重症监护病房用于白血病人干细胞移植的治疗,研究洁净系统的可靠性,降低病人感染率。方法:从一套8间百级重症监护病房运行的不稳定性入手,从新风系统、房间循环机系统、冷媒循环系统、纯化水淋浴系统、病房工作区生活排水系统5个方面分析问题,寻找解决问题的办法。结果:系统经改造和调试后,已运行3个月,各项参数正常。结论:百级重症监护病房洁净系统需要稳定的新风系统、结构设计合理的循环系统、可靠的冷媒系统、完善的纯化水淋浴系统和排水系统,才能够保障系统可靠运行,降低白血病人干细胞移植感染率。     

医院洁净手术室的室内空调参数分析

对《医院洁净手术部建设标准》中Ⅰ级洁净手术室的流场和温度场进行了数值模拟,证实了标准中的部分技术参数范围（主要针对静态手术室）在动态时是合适的,并具有可操作性。标准中规定Ⅰ级洁净手术室用局部送风代替全室单向流气流组织形式,既保证了关键区域的净化要求,又大大降低了洁净手术室的造价和运行费用,符合我国的国情。     

水平气幕洁净区流场特性分析与设计参数选定

一、前言 气幕围挡用于局部垂直层流洁净区已证实具有明显效果,对于局部水平层流的气幕作用尚存在一些问题。本文试图通过对水平气幕洁净区流场及浓度场特性的分析,提出较合理的气幕结构参数,从而达到改善水平层流气幕围挡的目的。     

100级洁净洗衣房的洁净空调设计

本文介绍了百级洁净洗衣房空调系统设计的有关内容，给出了洁净空调主要设计参数、空调系统型式。着重介绍了干表冷器在高级别洁净室应用的经济性、合理性。系统经过三年的运行。情况正常，符合洗衣生产的要求。     

浅述某超大规模集成电路后工序洁净厂房的设计

一、工程概况 该超大规模集成电路(4M位)后工序洁净厂房工程是中外合资工程,由中国电子工程设计院设计和风险总承包。洁净厂房总面积为4368平方米,其中,生产车间(1000级)洁净面积为3840m_2;工艺走廊(100000级)洁净面积为528m_2。净化送风系统的总送风量为602400米~3/时,大约为50次/时换气。其中1000级部分的气流组织为顶部送风、顶部回风,100000级的工艺走廊完全处于回风区。工程验收的测试方法和数据处理     

防护设备在化疗药物集中配置中应用体会

化疗药物大多为细胞毒性药物.美国医疗机构药师协会(ASHP)将细胞毒性药物定义为高危药品,即使长期少量接触也会对人的身体产生潜在的不良危害,具有致畸、致突变作用.配备基本的防护设备以及正确使用防护设备是护理人员做好自我防护的关键.防护设备包括空气净化系统、生物安全柜、个人防护用品.我院将原来分散在各病区治疗室开放环境下进行配置的化疗药物,由受过专门培训的药学人员、护理人员,严格按照操作程序在万级洁净、密闭环境下,局部百级洁净的生物安全柜内进行配置.全院化疗药物配置中心自2009年11月正式启用,现将防护设备在化疗药物集中配置中应用体会报道如下.     

高精度薄膜生产线的水平层流环境营造技术

汽车反光膜、平板显示器、手机触摸屏等保护膜的制造和加工,其精度、纯度要求很严,通常都在洁净环境中生产。而且,这种洁净环境要求随着产品指标的提高而不断提高。原来在万级条件下的生产环境,现在普遍提高到千级,甚至百级。另一方面,考虑到薄膜生产过程的特殊性,常用的垂直送风形式直接套用,存在着不少弊端,已逐步被更节能、气流更合理的水平层流方式所取代。对此类生产环境的特点,通过成功的水平层流案例,介绍一种已申请实用新型专利的水平层流安装模块。     

百级洁净室洁净度异常的成因分析和处理方法

探讨在百级洁净室处理洁净度异常问题的思路、方法和手段。     

1k级洁净室空调系统的调试分析

介绍1K级洁净室空调系统特点,并就通过空调系统调试,维持洁净室内的温度、湿度、洁净度及正压环境策略和实践进行讨论分析。     

Connected box-units-based compact highly clean environment for cross-disciplinary experiments platform

Analysis of achieving a clean environment in a connected box-units system is performed. By feedback of outlet air into the inlet of the box-unit, the steady-state airborne-particle-count in the system becomes independent of the ambient particle count and depends little on the particle-arrest efficiency of the filter. It is demonstrated that ISO 3 (209D Class 1) cleanliness in an inexpensive compact manner with the versatile extensive connected box-units system can be realised, no matter how dusty the ambient.     

Spacer visibility problem in field emission displays due to surface contamination

Spacer visibility is a critical issue in field emission displays (FEDs). Many reasons can lead to visible spacers, such as charging due to secondary electron emission under electron bombardment. In this paper, we will present results on spacer visibility due to chemical contamination on the spacer surface. We have identified Na contamination as the cause for the white spacer problem observed in the early developing stage of FED. The diffusion of Na from spacers to its adjacent cathode area during field emission operation caused higher field emission current from those field emitters. We believe the higher emission is due to the temporary gettering effect from the Na species, which cleaned the local field emitters. We have also found the existence of Pb on the spacer surface could create the dark spacer problem. To avoid any spacer visibility problem, the spacer surface must be kept clean. Any post clean procedure used to clean the surface should not leave any trace of elements such as Na, or Pb.     

The 802.3z Gigabit Ethernet Standard

Considers standards development in the IEEE 802.3z Gigabit Ethernet Task Force, part of the IEEE 802.3 CSMA/CD Working Group. IEEE Std 802.3z-1998 was formally approved by the IEEE Standards Board on June 25th, 1998. IEEE Std 802.3z, extends the operating speed of the world's most popular local area network to 1 billion bits per second (1000 Mb/s) for interconnecting high-performance switches, routers, and servers in the backbone of local area networks. Maintaining backward compatibility with the over-100-million-node installed base of 10 Mb/s and 100 Mb/s was a key requirement     

食品生产中危害分析与关键控制点控制

介绍了"危害分析与关键控制点"在保障食品安全体系的作用;对生产环境对食品安全生产的影响进行了分析,确定洁净技术对控制空气途径污染物的正面作用;把生物洁净技术在医药领域和食品领域的运用进行了比较;阐述了洁净技术与传统消毒技术相比具有的优点;具体分析了如何在食品生产过程中利用洁净技术,增加食品安全的保险系数。     

Towards a Universal Data Transport System

It is anticipated that a ubiquitous data transport system will require integration of local area and wide area networks. The combined network will need to present a uniform appearance to the user, be effective as a transport mechanism for a great variety of traffic patterns, and be economically appropriate for a wide range of consumer products. Learning from telephony and from experiments with a local area network, we conclude that the transport system must seek a clean separation of function and protocol between the network and its users. This separation is achieved by a byte-stream architecture that carries control and data bytes over switched virtual circuits. A DATAKIT packet switch demonstrates how the byte-stream concept can integrate local area and wide area network objectives. This switch is an assembly of interface modules connected by a pair of short passive buses. Each type of interface module serves one type of remote equipment and, if need be, terminates the protocol of that equipment. There are interface modules for trunks that lead to other packet switches, for terminals, and for host computers. Other modules provide system timing, switching, network control, and maintenance support.     

TransCAM: Transformer attention-based CAM refinement for Weakly supervised semantic segmentation

Weakly supervised semantic segmentation (WSSS) with only image-level supervision is a challenging task. Most existing methods exploit Class Activation Maps (CAM) to generate pixel-level pseudo labels for supervised training. However, due to the local receptive field of Convolution Neural Networks (CNN), CAM applied to CNNs often suffers from partial activation — highlighting the most discriminative part instead of the entire object area. In order to capture both local features and global representations, the Conformer has been proposed to combine a visual transformer branch with a CNN branch. In this paper, we propose TransCAM, a Conformer-based solution to WSSS that explicitly leverages the attention weights from the transformer branch of the Conformer to refine the CAM generated from the CNN branch. TransCAM is motivated by our observation that attention weights from shallow transformer blocks are able to capture low-level spatial feature similarities while attention weights from deep transformer blocks capture high-level semantic context. Despite its simplicity, TransCAM achieves competitive performance of 69.3% and 69.6% on the respective PASCAL VOC 2012 validation and test sets, showing the effectiveness of transformer attention-based refinement of CAM for WSSS.