共查询到16条相似文献,搜索用时 218 毫秒
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根据JJG744—2004《医用诊断X射线辐射源》检定规程.评定X射线机的质量与性能的指标包括射线的空气比释动能牢、辐射输出的质、重复性、线性、分辨力、辐射野与光野一致性、焦点尺寸等。笔者根据多年的工作实践.现将厢星卡法测量焦点尺寸以及如何测定辐射野与光野一致性的经验与大家分享. 相似文献
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在同步辐射X射线能量标定前,需要对作为传递探测器的硅光电二极管进行标定。利用低能X射线10~50kV空气比释动能基准装置,研究硅光电二极管的辐射响应并用它测量辐射场的均匀野大小。将硅光电二级管AXUV-100G置于低能X射线基准辐射场中,测得AXUV-100G作为传递探测器在10~40keV能量范围的能量响应较高,在各个辐射质条件下复现空气比释动能的不确定度均为0.57%。AXUV-100G在距离光机焦斑1m处测量得到均匀性优于99%的辐射野直径约为61mm,优于95%时约为96mm,满足次级传递标准量值复现与传递的要求。 相似文献
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利用蒙特卡罗模拟程序EGSnrc,构建出工业钼靶X射线光机模型,进行了28 keV的电子束经过钼靶产生的光子在光机各组件中的传输模拟,得到距源焦点50 cm处, 射野半径为5 cm平面上的粒子相空间文件,通过对相空间文件分析得到粒子注量、能谱分布、角分布、平均能量等信息,模拟计算了过滤材料和管电压对钼靶X射线谱分布的影响。钼过滤下钼靶X射线的平均能量小于铑过滤,但对较高能量部分的影响要大于铑过滤;随着管电压的升高,钼靶光机的光子产生效率呈上升趋势,平均能量增加。25,28,30,35 kV 4组辐射质条件下,钼靶X射线能谱的平均能量分别为16.0,16.6,17.0,17.8 keV,与实验测量值接近,相对误差在1%以内。 相似文献
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医用诊断X射线防护器具的防护性能通常用铅当量表示,根据IEC 61331-1,防护材料衰减性能的测定主要是在40~150kV X射线范围内,研究纯铅、含铅和无铅材料在窄束、宽束以及逆向宽束条件下铅当量的大小。为进一步研究不同测量方法下防护材料的屏蔽性能,需要建立符合标准要求的X射线参考辐射质,并对其能谱进行模拟或测量。依托工业X射线光机,通过添加铝附加过滤和不同厚度铝吸收片,建立了40~150kV范围内8个X射线参考辐射质,测量半值层最大相对偏差为2.8%。利用EGSnrc蒙卡模拟程序,模拟了不同辐射质的X射线能谱,其平均能量与IEC推荐值的最大相对偏差不超过0.4%,满足防护材料X射线铅当量辐射质的要求。 相似文献
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为了研究不同限束光阑准直器对测量结果的影响,使用MCNP5蒙卡模拟软件建立带准直器的高纯锗探测器模型。通过模拟分析准直器各项参数对高纯锗探测器测量X射线能谱的影响,确立了准直器的最佳尺寸,为实验室使用高纯锗探测器测量X射线能谱提供一定的参考依据。计算了透射等效孔径(TEA)准直器指标,分析了高纯锗探测器测量X射线得到的探测效率。结果表明:对于能量小于80keV的低能量段X射线能谱测量,选择孔径小、屏蔽厚的准直器;对于80keV以上中高能量段的X射线应选择较大孔径的准直器,以避免由于从铅准直器中产生小角散射线和铅的特征线而影响X射线能谱的质量。 相似文献
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防护水平电离室剂量计是辐射防护的主要计量器具,需要在窄谱参考辐射质下进行检定和校准。利用EGSnrc软件模拟了参考辐射质X射线能谱,分析得到的能谱分辨率和平均能量与ISO 4037-1推荐值的最大偏差分别为7.1%和1.04%,均满足规范要求。依托60~250kV X射线空气比释动能国家基准装置,在窄谱系列参考辐射质下完成了距离X光机1m处参考点的空气比释动能量值复现;然后通过替代法对两个传递电离室进行校准并完成量值传递;最后利用传递电离室复现的2.25m处的空气比释动能率对PTW-32002球形电离室进行校准,获得相应的校准因子,校准因子相对扩展不确定度为2.2%(k=2)。 相似文献
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Characteristics necessary to specify an ISO 6980 Series 1 reference radiation field were determined for a commercially available 85Kr beta-particle source, using a BEAM EGS4 Monte Carlo code. The characteristics include residual maximum beta energy, E(res), and the uniformity of the dose rate over the calibration area. The E(res) and the uniformity were also determined experimentally, using an extrapolation ionization chamber (EC) and a 0.2 cm3 parallel plate ionization chamber, respectively. The depth-dose curve measured with the EC gave a value 0.62 MeV for the E(res). Series 2 90Sr + 90Y and Series 1(85) Kr beta-particle sources calibrated for H(p)(0.07) at the secondary standard dosimetry laboratory (SSDL) of STUK were used to determine the energy and angular responses of DIS-1 direct ion storage dosemeters. The averaged zero angle H(p)(0.07) responses to the 90Sr + 90Y and 85Kr reference radiations were 135 and 80%, respectively. The responses were normalized to 100%, H(p)(0.07) response to 137Cs photon radiation. 相似文献
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Megavoltage photon beams are routinely used for external-beam radiotherapy. Recently, new treatment modalities based on dynamic and intensity modulated (IM), beam delivery systems are increasingly used in clinical practice. The purpose of this work is to investigate the energy spectrum and microdosimetric features of these photon beams. A Monte Carlo technique was first used to simulate beam lines of medical accelerators and to compute photon fluence and spectrum per unit dose-to-water inside the irradiated medium. Subsequently, a track structure code was used to compute the lineal energy and its distribution in a 1 micron sphere based on the individual photon spectrum. Results showed that the low energy photon component varied significantly with field size and location within the field due to the presence of the scattered photons. The calculated dose-mean lineal energy ranged from 2.3 keV.micron-1 at a depth of 1.5 cm along the central axis of a 4 cm x 4 cm field, to 3.7 keV.micron-1 at a depth of 20 cm of the field edge in a 10 cm x 10 cm field. In the tested IM fields at a depth of 10 cm, ranged from 2.6 to 3.5 keV.micron-1, which was inversely related to the dose intensity in the field. The values for the clinical photon beams were also significantly greater than that of a reference 60Co beam (1.8 keV.micron-1 from the calculation). The beam quality factor was estimated to vary within 20% due to the change of the energy spectrum for the radiotherapy photon fields. 相似文献