可生物降解包装材料的性能及应用研究

0引言可生物降解聚合物分为合成生物降解聚合物(如某些聚酯)和天然生物降解聚合物(如淀粉)。现代可生物降解包装材料可以通过     

生物降解材料的开发与应用

介绍PLA聚合物的性能及应用。PLA聚合物来源于农作物，经提炼合成，可用于物瓶料，包装材料，纤维，乳胶类材料，工业材料等等。使用后的废料可以通过生物降解的方法，分解成小分子，回归土壤。     

食事传递

我国食品化学包装材料看好业内专家指出，我国食品包装材料是一个巨大的不断增长的市场，其中化学聚合物材料的需求将高于其他材料，预计今年我国食品包装需求量可达１６０～２２０万吨。食品包装材料今后发展趋势是多层复合不透气性塑料、功能性塑料和可生物降解塑料，特别是可生物降解塑料发展迅速。如美国乳酸一步聚合制成可生物降解塑料，意大利用玉米淀粉生产可生物降解塑料等。目前，美、英、法、意等国家已垄断市值数１０亿美元的国际市场，日本聚乳酸的分子量达到３０万，并已建成聚乳酸塑料厂。我国可生物降解塑料发展也很快，如以…     

可生物降解聚合物微胶囊的制备与特性

一直以来,可生物降解聚合物被广泛用于各种行业产品中,如包装材料、薄膜制品和生物材料等。可生物降解聚合物的特性与一般聚合物并不完全相同,可采用化学改性、接枝共聚、交联和互穿聚合物网络等技术和不同助剂对聚合物进行改性。虽然这些方法在聚合物改性方面的应用已非常成熟,但化学改性和互穿聚合物网络技术比物理改性复杂。     

一种新型生态包装材料

芬兰StoraEnso、UPM-Kymmene公司和坦佩雷(Tampere)工艺大学合作开发出一种有效生产涂料的方法,它使可生物降解的塑料与纸板粘合,在涂布的包装材料上形成生物聚合物。这种包装材料上的生物聚合物链被分解后可生成生物量和二氧化碳,不会对环境造成破坏。一种新型生态包装材料     

天然纤维增强生态复合材料的研究进展

生态复合材料是指用天然聚合物或可生物降解聚合物作为基体,天然纤维作为增强材料的复合材料。概述了用于生态复合材料的可生物降解的聚合物和天然纤维的改性研究进展及其模塑成型的生态复合材料的开发应用现状.     

PVA可生物降解材料研究进展

聚乙烯醇是一种可生物降解、水溶性的聚合物,具有生物相容性能优良、易成膜、制备工艺相对简单等特点,在包装领域得到广泛应用。简述了聚乙烯醇的性能特点、降解机理、影响降解机理的各种因素;综述了淀粉、改性淀粉、壳聚糖、聚乳酸改性聚乙烯醇(PVA)制备可生物降解材料的方法与研究成果,对聚乙烯醇的研究成果进行了分析,指出低成本、力学性能优良、降解完全的PVA可生物降解改性薄膜将是今后的研究重点;聚乙烯醇/纳米黏土改性高阻隔包装材料也是主要的研究方向。     

可生物降解功能纤维的研究进展

介绍了可生物降解功能纤维的性能、特点和国内外研究动态、发展前景。讨论了天然高分子纤维、聚酯纤维和水溶性聚合物纤维的研究现状;特别对可生物降解功能纤维在纺织和医用材料领域的应用和发展趋势作了较详细的论述;同时对可生物降解功能纤维的发展及应用进行了介绍。     

新加坡:研发环保包装材料延长食品保质期

正新加坡2016年2月26日电据美通社消息新加坡国立大学(国大)的研究人员使用葡萄柚籽提取物强化了天然壳聚糖复合膜,成功研发出一种不含化学添加剂的环保型食品包装材料。这种包装材料能够减缓真菌的生长,使面包等易腐食品的保质期延长1倍。壳聚糖是一种可生物降解的天然聚合物,存在于虾和其它甲壳类动物的外壳中。壳聚糖具有生物相容性、无毒、生物降解快且具备良好的成膜特质,在食品技术方面拥有极大的应用潜     

用木浆生产发泡包装材料

据１９９８年８月１７日日本《日经周刊》报道，日本Ｔｅｉｊｉｎ公司研制出一种新型天然木浆基可生物降解发泡包装材料，现在生产这种材料的技术研究工作已基本完成。这种新材料是用木浆经化学改性后生成的二醋酸纤维素的聚合物生产的，然后溶解于水并挤出成型为长丝、粒...     

Antimicrobial activity of biodegradable polysaccharide and protein-based films containing active agents

Significant interest has emerged in the introduction of food packaging materials manufactured from biodegradable polymers that have the potential to reduce the environmental impacts associated with conventional packaging materials. Current technologies in active packaging enable effective antimicrobial (AM) packaging films to be prepared from biodegradable materials that have been modified and/or blended with different compatible materials and/or plasticisers. A wide range of AM films prepared from modified biodegradable materials have the potential to be used for packaging of various food products. This review examines biodegradable polymers derived from polysaccharides and protein-based materials for their potential use in packaging systems designed for the protection of food products from microbial contamination. A comprehensive table that systematically analyses and categorizes much of the current literature in this area is included in the review.     

The Role of Starch in Biodegradable Thermoplastic Materials

The increasing garbage mountain is more and more recognized as an ecological threat. Space for landfills is limited and additional incineration capacities require high capital investments and pose additional envrironmental problems. In the FRG from total annual 14 million t of household waste, 700,000 t are non-degradable plastic materials (polyolefines, polystyrene and polyvinylchloride), especially for packaging. Different strategies are being followed to reduce the 5% plastics in household waste: prevention, recycling, chemical valorization, thermic utilization (incineration) and use of degradable polymers. The latter are reviewed in detail: chemical modification of classical polymers into photo- and chemo-degradable materials, physical mixing of 6–20% granular starch with polyethylene or polypropylene, coprocessing of more than 50% disintegrated starch with hydrophilic polymers like polyacrylate or polyvinylalcohol to biodegradable films for agricultural mulch or carrying bags, thermoplastic extruded starch with plasticiser containing more than 90% starch for blister packaging and disposables for fast food and finally biodegradable polyesters like poly-hydroxybutyric acid (PHB) and polylactic acid, produced by fermentation processes.     

Antimicrobial Packaging for Extending the Shelf Life of Bread—A Review

Antimicrobial packaging is an important form of active packaging that can release antimicrobial substances for enhancing the quality and safety of food during extended storage. It is in response to consumers demand for preservative-free food as well as more natural, disposable, biodegradable, and recyclable food-packaging materials. The potential of a combination of allyl isothiocyanate and potassium sorbate incorporated into polymers in providing the needed natural antimicrobial protection for bread products is discussed. The role of double extrusion process as a means for obtaining a homogeneous mix of the sorbate into the polymer (polyethylene or ethylenevinyalcohol), is highlighted.     

Natural antimicrobials and antioxidants added to polylactic acid packaging films. Part I: Polymer processing techniques

Currently, reducing packaging plastic waste and food losses are concerning topics in the food packaging industry. As an alternative for these challenges, antimicrobial and antioxidant materials have been developed by incorporating active agents (AAs) into biodegradable polymers to extend the food shelf life. In this context, developing biodegradable active materials based on polylactic acid (PLA) and natural compounds are a great alternative to maintain food safety and non-toxicity of the packaging. AAs, such as essential oils and polyphenols, have been added mainly as antimicrobial and antioxidant natural compounds in PLA packaging. In this review, current techniques used to develop active PLA packaging films were described in order to critically compare their feasibility, advantages, limitations, and relevant processing aspects. The analysis was focused on the processing conditions, such as operation variables and stages, and factors related to the AAs, such as their concentrations, weight losses during processing, and incorporation technique, among others. Recent developments of active PLA-based monolayers and bi- or multilayer films were also considered. In addition, patents on inventions and technologies on active PLA-based films for food packaging were reviewed. This review highlights that the selection of the processing technique and conditions to obtain active PLA depends on the type of the AA regarding its volatility, solubility, and thermosensitivity.     

Nanocellulose in green food packaging

The development of packaging materials with new functionalities and lower environmental impact is now an urgent need of our society. On one hand, the shelf-life extension of packaged products can be an answer to the exponential increase of worldwide demand for food. On the other hand, uncertainty of crude oil prices and reserves has imposed the necessity to find raw materials to replace oil-derived polymers. Additionally, consumers' awareness toward environmental issues increasingly pushes industries to look with renewed interest to “green” solutions. In response to these issues, numerous polymers have been exploited to develop biodegradable food packaging materials. Although the use of biopolymers has been limited due to their poor mechanical and barrier properties, these can be enhanced by adding reinforcing nanosized components to form nanocomposites. Cellulose is probably the most used and well-known renewable and sustainable raw material. The mechanical properties, reinforcing capabilities, abundance, low density, and biodegradability of nanosized cellulose make it an ideal candidate for polymer nanocomposites processing. Here we review the potential applications of cellulose based nanocomposites in food packaging materials, highlighting the several types of biopolymers with nanocellulose fillers that have been used to form bio-nanocomposite materials. The trends in nanocellulose packaging applications are also addressed.     

植物基完全可降解生物塑料的现状及展望

当前环境中的塑料污染问题受到全世界关注。用于包装的塑料材料越来越多,产生大量无法降解的固体废物。生物降解塑料被认为是解决塑料废物问题的可能办法,完全可降解塑料可被微生物完全降解,起到很好的保护环境作用。植物在自然条件下可以产生淀粉、纤维素、半纤维素、储藏蛋白等聚合物,是天然的可降解高分子材料来源。以植物为基础,完全可生物降解聚合物具有完全的生物可降解性和可再生性,是替代石油基塑料的可行材料。介绍解决塑料污染问题的可能办法及主要几种植物基完全可生物降解塑料研究现状和发展前景。     

A critical review on biodegradable food packaging for meat: Materials,sustainability, regulations,and perspectives in the EU

The development of biodegradable packaging is a challenge, as conventional plastics have many advantages in terms of high flexibility, transparency, low cost, strong mechanical characteristics, and high resistance to heat compared with most biodegradable plastics. The quality of biodegradable materials and the research needed for their improvement for meat packaging were critically evaluated in this study. In terms of sustainability, biodegradable packagings are more sustainable than conventional plastics; however, most of them contain unsustainable chemical additives. Cellulose showed a high potential for meat preservation due to high moisture control. Polyhydroxyalkanoates and polylactic acid (PLA) are renewable materials that have been recently introduced to the market, but their application in meat products is still limited. To be classified as an edible film, the mechanical properties and acceptable control over gas and moisture exchange need to be improved. PLA and cellulose-based films possess the advantage of protection against oxygen and water permeation; however, the addition of functional substances plays an important role in their effects on the foods. Furthermore, the use of packaging materials is increasing due to consumer demand for natural high-quality food packaging that serves functions such as extended shelf-life and contamination protection. To support the importance moving toward biodegradable packaging for meat, this review presented novel perspectives regarding ecological impacts, commercial status, and consumer perspectives. Those aspects are then evaluated with the specific consideration of regulations and perspective in the European Union (EU) for employing renewable and ecological meat packaging materials. This review also helps to highlight the situation regarding biodegradable food packaging for meat in the EU specifically.     

Biodegradable films and composite coatings: past,present and future

Food packaging is concerned with the preservation and protection of all types of foods and their raw materials, particularly from oxidative and microbial spoilage and also to extend their shelf-life characteristics. Increased use of synthetic packaging films has led to serious ecological problems due to their total non-biodegradability. Continuous awareness by one and all towards environmental pollution by the latter and as a result the need for a safe, eco-friendly atmosphere has led to a paradigm shift on the use of biodegradable materials, especially from renewable agriculture feedstock and marine food processing industry wastes. Such an approach amounts to natural resource conservation and recyclability as well as generation of new, innovative design and use. Their total biodegradation to environmentally friendly benign products such as CO₂, water and quality compost is the turning point which needs to be capitalized and encashed. Polymer cross-linking and graft copolymerization of natural polymers with synthetic monomers are other alternatives of value in biodegradable packaging films. Although their complete replacement for synthetic plastics is just impossible to achieve and perhaps may be even unnecessary, at least for a few specific applications our attention and needful are required in the days to come. No doubt, eventually BIOPACKAGING will be our future.     

Highly stable, edible cellulose films incorporating chitosan nanoparticles

The need for biodegradable polymers for packaging has fostered the development of novel, biodegradable polymeric materials from natural sources, as an alternative to reduce amount of waste and environmental impacts. The present investigation involves the synthesis of chitosan nanoparticles-carboxymethylcellulose films, in view of their increasing areas of application in packaging industry. The entire process consists of 2-steps including chitosan nanoparticles preparation and their incorporation in carboxymethylcellulose films. Uniform and stable particles were obtained with 3 different chitosan concentrations. The morphology of chitosan nanoparticles was tested by transmission electron microscopy, revealing the nanoparticles size in the range of 80 to 110 nm. The developed film chitosan nanoparticles-carboxymethylcellulose films were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermogravimetric analysis, solubility tests, and mechanical analysis. Improvement of thermal and mechanical properties were observed in films containing nanoparticles, with the best results occurring upon addition of nanoparticles with 110 nm size in carboxymethylcellulose films. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Carboxymethylcellulose films containing chitosan nanoparticles synthesized and characterized in this article could be a potential material for food and beverage packaging applications products due to the increase mechanical properties and high stability. The potential application of the nanocomposites prepared would be in packaging industry to extend the shelf life of products.     

生物可降解高分子及其应用

介绍了生物可降解高分子材料的降解机理和降解性 ,以及生物可降解高分子材料在生物医学领域里的应用情况