基于业务规则的电信网络数据处理框架

通过对电信领域网络管理技术的研究，对电信领域中的术语和概念进行抽象，建立事实模型，并结合实际项目提出基于业务规则的电信网络数据处理工作框架。这种方法使用事实模型中的术语和概念建立控制规则和采集任务，并且使用面向对象的Rote算法组织业务规则，使数据处理具有更大的灵活性和更高的效率，实现了业务逻辑和过程的分离。用户可以针对具体网络情况定制具有良好可读性的业务规则，而不必频繁修改那些复杂的业务决策语句。     

基于业务规则的电信网络数据处理框架*

通过对电信领域网络管理技术的研究,对电信领域中的术语和概念进行抽象,建立事实模型,并结合实际项目提出基于业务规则的电信网络数据处理工作框架。这种方法使用事实模型中的术语和概念建立控制规则和采集任务,并且使用面向对象的Rete算法组织业务规则,使数据处理具有更大的灵活性和更高的效率,实现了业务逻辑和过程的分离。用户可以针对具体网络情况定制具有良好可读性的业务规则,而不必频繁修改那些复杂的业务决策语句。     

Ambient intelligence as enabling technology for modern business paradigms

Nowadays the competition among companies, joined to the environmental protection rules, is so compelling that they should not only be on the top of technology in they area, but also run their business according to life-long models. The emphasis on the product post-sale life is common for these models. The most popular model is product lifecycle management (PLM), for manufacturing companies, or service engineering (SE), for service-oriented companies, and, for both, common paradigms are in maintenance, with conformance-to-use certification. This paper introduces basic research results achieved in application of Ambient Intelligence (AmI), and suggests considering maintenance as a cross section of the two business paradigms.     

Some challenges of integrating spatial and non-spatial datasets using a geographical information system

Geographical Information Systems or GIS are becoming useful tools in making strategic decisions in a variety of government and business activities in areas such as housing, healthcare, land use, natural resources, environmental monitoring, public health, transportation, retail, and routing. This usefulness emanates from the capability of GIS to present a large amount of data in a short period of time on a map, using a geographical coordinate system. In most cases, spatial datasets required for GIS mapping are already available free from many governmental agencies. GIS use more of computing technology than geographical concepts, however, the capabilities of GIS software did not reach the level of simplicity encountered in most software used on a daily basis. Most organizations perform GIS analysis on their data without getting involved with the mapping technology. A typical GIS analyst faces various challenges while incorporating non-spatial dataset to spatial dataset in order to present resulting dataset on a geographical map. In this paper, we present some data manipulation complexities that are encountered while using a GIS software to provide spatial twists to a large user dataset. We also provide ways to facilitate the data manipulation process through a practical example of asthma epidemiology. The solutions will be beneficial to many GIS users in varieties of industries.     

Business model metrics: an open repository

Development of successful business models has become a necessity in turbulent business environments, but compared to research on business modeling tools, attention to the role of metrics in designing business models in literature is limited. Building on existing approaches to business models and performance measurement literature, we develop a generic open repository of metrics related to core business model concepts. We validate and assess the practical value of the repository based on four e-Business model cases. The repository can be utilized in designing business models, specifically for networked enterprises. It is neither complete nor universally applicable, but needs adjustment with each design. Ultimately, with this paper, we hope measurement will become an integral part of the business model innovation discussion.     

A user study of accessing web applications via voice cellular phone: a model comparison approach

Although most users currently receive web services from web browser interfaces, pervasive computing is emerging and offering new ways of accessing Internet applications from any device, any time and anywhere. It is not only a technological change, but a philosophical and psychological one. Our research project investigated the theoretical concepts of pervasive computing as well as their practical applications, by using cellular phones as the pervasive device to access a web application prototype, the voice-enabled web system (VWS), through the voice user interface technology. The acceptance rate of consumers on new pervasive interfaces was studied using factors (including perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioural control and fun) adapted from technology acceptance theories. Although our empirical findings were in general consistent with the findings from several prior studies on various information technologies, there were still some discrepancies. Our overall research results, including the implications derived from the user study, may be useful for the purpose of designing and developing successful business applications based on VWS.     

Towards the Technology Neutral Modeling of Management Components

This paper outlines an Architectural Model and accompanying modeling notation that addresses on the need to model management component interfaces and their business contexts in a technology neutral manner in order to promote convergence on stable, reusable solutions. The approach combines existing modeling concepts related to component-based and model-driven software development from TINA-C, OMG, DMTF and TM Forum in order to provide guidance on the development of models that need to be exchanged between organizations involved in the development of software components and the management systems in which they are used. The Architectural Model is assessed through application to the management a specific set of e-business support services.     

Negotiation among autonomous computational agents: principles,analysis and challenges

Automated negotiation systems with software agents representing individuals or organizations and capable of reaching agreements through negotiation are becoming increasingly important and pervasive. Examples, to mention a few, include the industrial trend toward agent-based supply chain management, the business trend toward virtual enterprises, and the pivotal role that electronic commerce is increasingly assuming in many organizations. Artificial intelligence (AI) researchers have paid a great deal of attention to automated negotiation over the past decade and a number of prominent models have been proposed in the literature. These models exhibit fairly different features, make use of a diverse range of concepts, and show performance characteristics that vary significantly depending on the negotiation context. As a consequence, assessing and relating individual research contributions is a difficult task. Currently, there is a need to build a framework to define and characterize the essential features that are necessary to conduct automated negotiation and to compare the usage of key concepts in different publications. Furthermore, the development of such a framework can be an important step to identify the core elements of autonomous negotiating agents, to provide a coherent set of concepts related to automated negotiation, to assess progress in the field, and to highlight new research directions. Accordingly, this paper introduces a generic framework for automated negotiation. It describes, in detail, the components of the framework, assesses the sophistication of the majority of work in the AI literature on these components, and discusses a number of prominent models of negotiation. This paper also highlights some of the major challenges for future automated negotiation research.     

Workflow automation based on OSI job transfer and manipulation

This paper shows that Workflow Management Systems (WFMS) and a data communication standard called Job Transfer and Manipulation (JTM) are built on the same concepts, even though different words are used. The paper analyses the correspondence of workflow concepts and JTM concepts. Besides, the correspondence of relationships between those concepts is analysed as well. Thus, we show that JTM is suitable for triggering activities, coordination of work, routing of documents, handling exceptions, safeguarding the integrity of business transactions and retrieving information from business processes. This implies that JTM can be used to support workflows and to provide interoperability between different brands of workflow tools.     

Information Systems, Operational Research and Business Reengineering

There has been much concern expressed during recent times to ensure that information technology (IT) considerations are firmly aligned with business imperatives. For example, two of the top ranked information systems management issues during the 1980s were concerned with the problems incurred in aligning the Information Systems function with that of the organisation as a whole, and in linking information systems and business strategies. Conversely, recent research and practice has provided us with a vision of IT-induced business process redesign, the opportunity for inter-organisational systems and even the redefinition and refocusing of business products and services. The reality for many organisations remains that IT investment is seen as a necessary evil at best, with many questioning whether it represents value for money. There have also been somewhat negative reactions to the topic of business process redesign itself: is it old wine in a new bottle? And is it all too risky a business to suggest that radical change rather than incremental change is what is required? This paper reviews these issues and argues for a refocussing of our attention on (i) information and business systems, and (ii) implementation issues and organisational change, as opposed to the more common practice of concentrating on information technology per se. It takes an organisational, soft operational research perspective on the subject of business reengineering, and provides some outline guidelines for the process of managing the change that is often both necessary and potentially desirable with the introduction and utilisation of new IT. It raises the question whether the lessons from the application of the softer operational research approaches over the past 20 years or so could be used to provide a more informed intervention, given the complexity of the task... and answers that question in the affirmative!     

Extending UN/CEFACT’s modeling methodology by a UML profile for local choreographies

UN/CEFACT’s modeling methodology (UMM) is a UML profile for specifying global choreographies of inter-organizational e-business systems. As we outline in this paper, the practical use of UMM is limited to bi-lateral business collaborations, since it does not support nested business transactions. This means UMM does not support multi-party business collaborations. UN/CEFACT argues that UMM serves as model capturing the agreements and commitments between business partners. These agreements and commitments are always on a bi-lateral basis. However, a business partner in the middle of a supply chain must establish multiple agreements and commitments with multiple partners. It is the local choreography of a business partner that binds the various bi-lateral models leading to a multi-party choreography. Unfortunately, UN/CEFACT does not give any guidance on how to model the local choreographies. We close this gap by extending UMM by a UML profile for local choreographies.     

A business model for deploying Web services:A data-centric approach based on factual dependencies

The standards XML, SOAP, WSDL and UDDI allow (i) services to be accessed and executed via the Web; and (ii) a loose coupling of these services. Thanks to these standards, Web services technology is becoming not only a de facto integration standard, but also a de facto Internet standard instance of the SOA architecture. However, the deployment of such a technology is still hindered by some technical as well as methodological issues. This paper proposes a business model with multiple interfaced abstraction levels as a framework to methodologically deploy Web services technology with respect to SOA architecture. The attributes describing the business objects and coordination artifacts as described in the highest abstraction level of the business model, i.e. the universe of discourse, are aggregated according to a time/space constraint called factual dependency. Each aggregation of factually dependent attributes is validated with regard to an actual business event. The aggregation is then interfaced to lead to a well-specified Web service. The resulting comprehensive set of consistent Web services are then registered in a public or a private UDDI to be discovered and invoked by any business process. The proposed Web services generation process aims at unlocking and turning informational assets into actions. It differs from the current IT perspective approaches that generate Web services directly from redundant and inconsistent elements in the enterprise information systems.     

Client-Led Information System Creation (CLIC): navigating the gap

Abstract.  This paper offers a new framework to facilitate an interpretive approach to client-led information system development, referred to as CLIC (Client-Led Information System Creation). The challenge of moving seamlessly through a process of information systems (IS) design is still the subject of much research in the IS field. Attempts to address the difficulties of 'bridging the gap' between a client's business needs and an information system definition have hitherto not provided a coherent and practical approach. Rather than attempting to bridge the gap, this paper describes an approach to managing this gap by facilitating the clients' navigating through the information system design process (or inquiry process) in a coherent manner. The framework has been developed through practice, and the paper provides an example of navigating through the design phase taken from an Action Research field study in a major UK bank.     

An Optimized Method for Accounting Information in Logistic Systems

In the era of rapid information development, with the popularity of computers, the advancement of science and technology, and the ongoing expansion of IT technology and business, the enterprise resource planning (ERP) system has evolved into a platform and a guarantee for the fulfilment of company management procedures after long-term operations. Because of developments in information technology, most manual accounting procedures are being replaced by computerized Accounting Information Systems (AIS), which are quicker and more accurate. The primary factors influencing the decisions of logistics firm trading parties are investigated in order to enhance the design of decision-supporting modules and to improve the performance of logistics enterprises through AIS. This paper proposed a novel approach to calculate the weights of each information element in order to establish their important degree. The main purpose of this research is to present a quantitative analytic approach for determining the important information of logistics business collaboration response. Furthermore, the idea of total orders and the significant degrees stated above are used to identify the optimal order of all information elements. Using the three ways of marginal revenue, marginal cost, and business matching degree, the information with cumulative weights is which is deployed to form the data from the intersection of the best order. It has the ability to drastically reduce the time and effort required to create a logistics business control/decision-making system.     

Patterns Approach to Product Information Systems Engineering

This paper deals with the application of the pattern approach to product information systems (PIS) engineering. Two kind of patterns are distinguished: business patterns used for specification and providing solutions for application field problems, and software patterns used for implementation and providing solutions for technical problems (software). Particular attention is given to identifying and specifying different business patterns. The main focus is on the activity of design for reuse, i.e. discovery of business patterns and their integration in a pattern catalogue. The first step consisted of a field analysis providing a common terminology and a semantic of the principal concepts managed in PIS and proposing various models to fix these concepts. It forms a basis for exploring the problems frequently occurring during PIS specification. A pattern catalogue is then proposed to solve the identified problems.     

时空相关性融合表征的知识追踪模型

知识追踪通过对知识点的表示来描述习题,以此建模知识状态,最终预测学习者的未来表现。然而目前的研究在知识点的表示方面既没有建模历史知识点对当前知识点产生的时间关系上的影响,又未能刻画习题内部各知识点之间产生的空间关系上的作用。为了解决上述问题,提出了时空相关性融合表征的知识追踪模型。首先,以知识点之间的时间相关程度为基础,建模历史知识点对当前知识点的时间作用;其次,利用图注意力网络建模习题所包含的若干知识点之间的空间作用,得到蕴涵了时空信息的知识点表示;最后,利用上述知识点的表示推导出习题的表示,通过自注意力机制得到当前的知识状态。在实验阶段,与五种相关知识追踪模型在四个真实数据集上进行性能对比,结果表明提出的模型在性能方面有更出色的表现。特别地,在ASSISTments2017数据集中所提模型比五个对比模型在AUC、Acc方面分别提升了1.7%~7.7%和7.3%~2.1%;消融实验证明了建模知识点之间时空相关影响的有效性,训练过程实验表明了提出的模型在知识点的表示及其相互作用关系的建模等方面具有一定的优势,应用实例也可看出该模型优于其他知识追踪模型的实际结果。     

Mobile business models: organizational and financial design issues that matter

Designing viable mobile services and business models that capture value for all the organizations involved is a challenge. There are many design issues that can be taken into account, and it is often unclear what their ultimate effect is on the performance of a business model. This paper offers a framework for relating critical design issues to success factors and tests the causal relationship between these core concepts in the organizational and financial domain of mobile business models, based on an international survey among 120 practitioners and experts in the mobile Internet services domain, most of them from EU countries. According to our findings, addressing organizational design issues (i.e. partner selection, governance and relation management) leads to an acceptable division of roles among actors, while addressing financial design issues (i.e., pricing, division of investments and costs among partners) results in risk levels that are perceived to be acceptable. The level of profitability that is perceived to be acceptable is influenced indirectly by these design issues, because the relationships are mediated through the risk level that the actors involved perceive to be acceptable and through the way the roles are divided among the actors.      

Comparing relational model transformation technologies: implementing Query/View/Transformation with Triple Graph Grammars

The Model Driven Architecture (MDA) is an approach to develop software based on different models. There are separate models for the business logic and for platform specific details. Moreover, code can be generated automatically from these models. This makes transforma- tions a core technology for MDA and for model-based software engineering approaches in general. Query/View/Transformation (QVT) is the transformation technology recently proposed for this purpose by the OMG. Triple Graph Grammars (TGGs) are another transformation technology proposed in the mid-nineties, used for example in the FUJABA CASE tool. In contrast to many other transformation technologies, both QVT and TGGs declaratively define the relation between two models. With this definition, a transformation engine can execute a transformation in either direction and, based on the same definition, can also propagate changes from one model to the other. In this paper, we compare the concepts of the declarative languages of QVT and TGGs. It turns out that TGGs and declarative QVT have many concepts in common. In fact, QVT-Core can be mapped to TGGs. We show that QVT-Core can be implemented by transforming QVT-Core mappings to TGG rules, which can then be executed by a TGG transformation engine that performs the actual QVT transformation. Furthermore, we discuss an approach for mapping QVT-Relations to TGGs. Based on the semantics of TGGs, we clarify semantic gaps that we identified in the declarative languages of QVT and, furthermore, we show how TGGs can benefit from the concepts of QVT.     

Duality of 2-D singular systems of Roesser models

In this paper, the properties and concepts of dual systems of the two-dimensional singular Roesser models (2-D SRM) are studied. Two different concepts of the dual systems are proposed for the 2-D SRM. One is derived from the duality defined for two-dimensional singular general models (2-D SGM)-called the S-dual systems; the other one is defined based on 2-D SRM in a traditional sense-called the T-dual systems. It is shown that if a 2-D SRM is jump-mode free or jump-mode reachable, then it can be equivalently transformed into a canonical form of a 2-D SRM, for which the T-duality and the S-duality are equivalent. This will be of some perspective applications in the robust control of 2-D SRM.