公路护坡生态无纺布应用性能及植被恢复研究

本文以黄麻、废棉、聚丙烯(PP)纤维为原料,利用非织造加工技术开发不同结构、质量符合要求的针刺非织造材料,用做公路护坡生态毯;研究不同结构对生态毯性能的影响,研究不同结构对植被恢复的影响。实验结果表明:最佳结构为棉、PP和黄麻纤维分别单独成网,按黄麻在第一层、PP纤维在中间、棉为基层叠加的三层结构;在上述条件下制得的生态毯性能最好,最利于植被恢复,能够满足生态护坡的要求。     

黄麻纤维针刺非织造增强材料成网性能研究

选用黄麻纤维、聚酯纤维作为原料,采用干法成网、针刺加固的非织造工艺方式,将定量、配比、针刺密度和预针刺/主针刺深度作为研究因素,研究高比例黄麻针刺非织造布成网特点与性能。结果表明:优化后的工艺参数为黄麻纤维/聚酯纤维配比85/15,定量为450g/m2,针刺密度为100刺/cm2,预针刺深度/主针刺深度为9mm/7mm,此时材料综合性能达到最佳。     

PP/GF/黄麻纤维汽车内饰用复合板材针刺工艺

为研发汽车内饰复合板材,以聚丙烯纤维(PP)、玻璃纤维(GF)和黄麻纤维为原料,利用针刺加固工艺制备针刺毡。以GF含量、黄麻纤维含量、针刺密度为因素,针刺毡的拉伸强力为指标,设计三因素三水平正交试验,优化针刺工艺。利用最优针刺工艺和烘燥冷压成型工艺制备复合板材,利用扫描电镜表征材料内部结构,并测试材料基本物理性能。结果表明:GF含量、黄麻纤维含量对针刺毡拉伸强力有显著影响;影响针刺毡拉伸强力的因素主次顺序为GF含量、黄麻纤维含量、针刺密度;优化后的针刺工艺制备参数为PP/GF/黄麻纤维比例60∶20∶20、针刺密度为300刺/cm~2;针刺毡纤维间黏合较好且分布均匀;样品拉伸性能和弯曲性能符合汽车衣帽架的要求,阻燃性能达标。     

黄麻纤维/ES纤维复合材料制备及力学性能分析

将黄麻纤维与ES纤维通过针刺非织造工艺制备成非织造布,再经过热压工艺制备成黄麻纤维/ES纤维复合材料,分析了黄麻纤维/ES纤维质量比和黄麻纤维碱处理对复合材料力学性能的影响。通过试验发现,复合材料的拉伸强度与弯曲强度都随复合材料中黄麻纤维的质量分数增加而呈现出先增加后减小的趋势;对于黄麻原麻/ES复合板材,比例为15/85、20/80时,其拉伸强度和弯曲强度最大,纵、横向拉伸强度达到33.69、28.43 MPa,纵、横向弯曲强度达到最大值36.28、31.75 MPa;对于黄麻碱处理/ES复合板材,比例为25/75、30/70时,其拉伸强度和弯曲强度最大,纵、横向拉伸强度最大达到41.06、39.47 MPa,其纵、横向弯曲强度达到最大值49.96、40.38 MPa。试验表明,碱处理提高了黄麻纤维和ES纤维之间的相容性,提高了界面结合强度,碱处理后的黄麻纤维增强ES纤维复合材料的力学性能优于未处理前。     

棕榈叶纤维针刺非织造工艺及其性能

对脱胶及精细化加工后的棕榈叶纤维进行针刺非织造工艺研究与性能测试,通过正交试验探讨了针刺深度、密度和道数对非织造布材料纵向断裂强力和纵向撕破强力的影响;同时测试了该非织造布材料的厚度、面密度及平均孔径。最佳针刺工艺参数为:针刺深度12 mm,针刺密度250刺/cm~2,针刺道数5道。在此工艺参数下,棕榈叶针刺非织造布的纵向断裂强力为29.8 N,纵向撕破强力为26.9 N,厚度为2.72 mm,面密度为141.33 g/m~2,平均孔径为90.9μm。试验结论可为棕榈叶纤维后续产品开发及应用提供一定参考。     

制备工艺对黄麻纤维针刺非织造布增强PHBV复合材料力学性能的影响

将黄麻原麻通过碱处理后,制备成黄麻纤维针刺非织造布,再采用热压工艺制备成黄麻纤维针刺非织造布增强PHBV复合材料。选取黄麻纤维质量分数、热压温度、热压压强、热压时间4个工艺参数,探讨其对黄麻纤维针刺非织造布增强PHBV复合材料的性能影响。经测试分析得出最佳工艺参数为:黄麻纤维质量分数为40%、热压温度为170℃、热压时间为5 min、热压压强为11 MPa。在此工艺下制备的黄麻纤维针刺非织造布增强PHBV复合材料的拉伸断裂强度达到79.483 MPa。     

低面密度PE/PP双组分纺粘非织造布的制备及其性能

为获得具有优异柔软度和透气性的卫生用纺粘非织造布,通过改变聚合物原料和工艺参数控制纺粘非织造布的纤维类型、纤维细度和面密度,制备不同纤维细度和面密度的单/双组分纺粘非织造布,研究面密度对纺粘非织造布性能的影响。结果表明：纺粘非织造布的断裂强力、断裂伸长率、厚度随面密度的增加而增加,不匀率、透气性、柔软度随面密度的增大而减小;同一面密度下,聚乙烯/聚丙烯(PE/PP)双组分纺粘非织造布的厚度、断裂伸长率、柔软度和透气性均优于聚丙烯(PP)纺粘非织造布,而断裂强力相对略低。低面密度(15 g/m²)PE/PP双组分纺粘非织造布的纤维原料细度为21.6μm,织物弯曲长度为1.28 cm,透气量为6 995.1 mm/s,其柔软度、透气性有显著提高,可用作一次性卫生用品包覆材料。     

黄麻纤维非织造布增强不饱和聚酯树脂复合材料力学性能研究

为了探讨黄麻纤维非织造布/不饱和聚酯树脂复合材料的力学性能,将黄麻纤维通过针刺工艺制备成非织造布,并对其进行碱处理,制备了不同黄麻纤维质量分数的复合材料,测试了复合材料的拉伸弯曲性能,并采用扫描电镜测试了复合材料的断面形态,分析了黄麻纤维针刺非织造布质量分数与碱处理对复合材料拉伸强度与弯曲强度的影响。结果表明:黄麻纤维针刺非织造布对不饱和聚酯树脂的力学性能具有明显的增强效果,且随着黄麻纤维质量分数的增加,复合材料的力学性能先增加后减小,当黄麻纤维/树脂质量比为20/80时,复合材料的拉伸强度和弯曲强度均达到最大,其中碱处理黄麻纤维针刺非织造布增强复合材料的拉伸强度为41.78 MPa,弯曲强度为59.03 MPa;碱处理后黄麻纤维的表面性能得到改善,使得黄麻纤维与聚酯树脂的界面结合情况得到改善,从而提升复合材料的力学性能。     

汽车内饰材料的吸声性能

分析了针刺非织造汽车内饰黄麻毡的面密度与吸声性能的关系,并在黄麻纤维中混入一定量的铝纤维,分析铝纤维的混入质量、混合方式对其吸声性能的影响.结果表明:在同一测试声波频率下,黄麻毯的吸声性能随着面密度的增加而提高,在面密度为764 g/m2时吸声性能最好;铝纤维的加入有利于吸声性能的提高,吸声性能随着铝纤维含量的增加而提...     

麻纤维汽车内饰材料的吸声性能与针刺工艺的关系

本论文将黄麻纤维、苎麻纤维、大麻纤维分别针刺成毯,采用驻波管法测试其吸声系数,得出黄麻是很好的吸声材料。综合考虑原料来源及成本等因素,选取黄麻纤维为研究对象,利用单因素试验,分别探索针刺深度与针刺频率对黄麻针刺毯吸声性能的影响;以针刺深度、针刺频率、步进量为影响因素,设计3因素3水平正交试验,分别得出在200~500Hz的低频噪音范围内和630～2000Hz中频噪音范围内,使黄麻纤维针刺汽车内饰毯吸声系数最大时的最优工艺参数。     

物理细化工艺对黄麻纤维性能的影响

介绍黄麻化学物理联合精细化工艺过程,为提高黄麻纤维的可纺性,研究不同物理细化路线、工艺参数及细化步骤对黄麻纤维力学性能的影响规律,通过对比分析黄麻纤维的线密度、长度和力学性能指标得出:梳理工艺对黄麻纤维线密度、长度和强力都有非常大的影响,是黄麻物理精细化过程中控制的关键因素;经过预处理—长麻牵切—梳理工艺得到的黄麻纤维线密度为16.65 dtex,长度为30.16 mm,可用于棉纺工艺流程。     

黄麻/大豆分离蛋白复合材料的制备与性能

采用非织造工艺结合热压工艺制备了完全环境友好型绿色复合材料———黄麻/大豆分离蛋白(SPI)复合材料。利用正交试验法研究了黄麻毡面密度、SPI质量分数和丙三醇含量对黄麻/SPI复合材料断裂强度的影响。试验结果显示,用黄麻与SPI制备的复合材料,其断裂强度大大提高,分别比SPI薄膜和黄麻毡提高了约9倍和29倍。在黄麻毡面密度为550 g/m2,SPI质量分数为11.5%,丙三醇体积分数为7%条件下制备的黄麻/SPI复合材料的断裂强度达到14.22 MPa。     

Tensile characteristics of Dref‐III friction core‐spun yarns

The tensile characteristics of Dref‐III friction spun yarns with jute as core and cotton as sheath components have been studied. Three yarns with different core–sheath proportions such as 55/45, 65/35 and 75/25 jute/cotton friction spun yarns were produced by using the Dref‐III friction spinning system. The influence of core and sheath components on the tensile properties at three different traverse rates at 150 mm/min, 750 mm/min and 1500 mm/min, respectively, have been reported. The work of rupture and specific work of rupture at break of these yarns were also analysed. From the test results, the maximum work of rupture was found in 55/45 core–sheath (jute/cotton) friction spun yarn when compared to 65/35 and 75/25 core–sheath (jute/cotton) friction spun yarns. It is due to the higher core–sheath interaction factor (CSI_T = 26.14) and better yarn‐packing density because of higher proportion of cotton fibres in the sheath component. The breaking tenacity and contribution factor of core and sheath component (CSI_T) of jute/cotton friction spun yarns were also analysed using multivariable ANOVA analysis.     

Thermobonded Nonwoven Fabrics Made from Cotton/Synthetic-fiber Blends: Physical Properties

An investigation is described in which nonwoven fabrics were produced from 70/30 cotton/synthetic-fiber blends. They were thermobonded with a calender at different bonding temperatures but at constant nip pressure and production speed. All fabrics were made of the same bleached cotton fiber blended with 20 synthetic binder fibers. The mean fabric mass/unit area was approximately 60 g/m². The fabrics were evaluated for nine physical properties. The data were analyzed by using nested analyses of variance, univariate-mean-comparison tests, a multiresponse optimization procedure, a canonical-discriminant analysis, a regression analysis, least-squares mean-comparison tests, and analyses of covariance. All physical properties showed significant differences between fabrics and between bonding temperatures for each fabric composition. The optimal bonding temperature for each fabric composition was dependent upon the binder-fiber type. Significantly different relationships between fabric thicknesses and bonding temperatures occurred among fabric compositions. Differences among the fabric compositions were measurable in fabrics made from blended cotton/bicomponent fibers and cotton/biconstituent fibers. Relationships between machine and cross directions differed for breaking strength, elongation, and stiffness. These relationships also differed among fabric categories for breaking strength and stiffness. The best fabric for each physical property was related to the binder-fiber type. The more appropriate synthetic fibers for blending with cotton to produce the nonwoven fabrics with over-all optimum properties were: polypropylene fiber II, polypropylene fiber III, and bicomponent fiber III, made of 50/50 polyester-fiber core/polypropylene-fiber sheath.     

Comparison between tensile and damage analysis of hybrid jute/polypropylene needlepunched nonwoven geotextiles produced from untreated and alkali treated jute fibers

The tensile properties of virgin and mechanically damaged samples are investigated for hybrid needlepunched nonwoven geotextiles consisting of untreated Jute/Polypropylene (PP) and alkali treated Jute/PP fibers in defined weight proportions. The damages in nonwovens were induced by two types of mechanical damages (circular hole and horizontal cut) in the center of hybrid nonwovens tested in the cross-machine direction. It was found that the horizontal cut was more detrimental than circular hole in nonwoven geotextiles consisting of jute (both untreated and alkali treated) and polypropylene fibers, specifically when the nonwovens were tested in the cross-machine (preferential) direction. Furthermore, Jute/PP hybrid nonwoven geotextiles were found to be notch-sensitive in nature. The ratio of damaged area of untreated and alkali treated Jute/PP nonwovens at the maximum level of tensile strain to that of the area of corresponding Jute/PP nonwoven determined in the beginning was found to be higher in untreated Jute/PP nonwovens. Similarly, Poisson’s ratio of untreated Jute/PP nonwovens was also found to be higher in comparison to alkali treated Jute/PP nonwoven geotextiles. The initial region of non-linearity of stress–strain curves matched well with that of volumetric deformation for both damaged nonwoven geotextiles. Accordingly, the initial region of stress–strain curves of damaged needlepunched nonwoven can be modeled as a linear region with constant volume deformation.     

正交试验法优化聚丙烯/玄武岩纤维针刺土工合成材料热轧工艺的研究

为了研究聚丙烯(PP)/玄武岩纤维针刺土工合成材料的热轧工艺,以聚丙烯/玄武岩纤维针刺土工合成材料的断裂强力和撕破强力为考察指标,在单因素试验的基础上,采用L 9(34)正交试验法,对热轧温度、轧辊隔距、轧辊速度等条件进行优化,筛选出最优热轧工艺。结果表明:影响聚丙烯/玄武岩纤维非织造土工合成材料的断裂强力和撕破强力因素主次依次为热轧温度、轧辊隔距、轧辊速度;优化后的热轧工艺参数为热轧温度185℃、轧辊隔距0.6 mm、轧辊速度1.68 m/min,此时样品的断裂强力为1410 N,撕破强力为869 N。     

Study on needle punched jute nonwoven as an artificial medium for germination of seed: Effect of bulk density

A uniform, porous, and bulky mechanically entangled fibrous sheet, i.e., needle-punched nonwoven, from eco-friendly and natural, low-grade jute fiber, has been designed and engineered to use as an artificial medium for germination of seed in place of soil. Needle-punched nonwoven fabrics of different bulk densities have been prepared from low-grade jute. Bulk densities of needle punched nonwoven fabric can be changed due to change of punch density, area density and depth of needle penetration. In this case, bulk densities of fabric have been achieved by varying the punch densities only, keeping the area density and depth of needle penetration same/ unaltered. As per experimentation, 500 g/m² area density needle punched nonwoven with 0.116 g/cm³ bulk density shows the best quality of germination. This bulk density has been achieved using 160 punches/cm² and 13 mm depth of penetration as per the system applied and fiber used. It may be a good alternative as a medium of cultivation. The design of the bed is also proposed in the article. It is observed that in this artificial system, cultivation can be made in hostile condition and plant growth is better than that in soil. Its moisture-holding capacity and temperature control of medium help in better agriculture. This is highly applicable in the regions where soil is either not available or not suitable for cultivation.     

基于气流成网技术的红麻/聚丙烯汽车内饰板材的研制

采用气流成网技术将红麻/聚丙烯(PP)纤维开松混合后制成纤网,以针刺、热压成型工艺制造汽车内饰板材.研究了成网过程中红麻和PP纤维的混比、成网机输送帘速度和气流成网机下风机速度等工艺参数对红麻/PP纤维复合汽车内饰板材的弯曲强度、拉伸强度和冲击强度等性能的影响.试验确定了最佳的成网工艺参数:红麻/PP纤维质量比35/6...     

棉及棉麻混纺织物的服用性能研究

以纯棉纱、黄麻/棉混纺纱为原料,采用相同的上机工艺参数,分别试织了纯棉及两种配比的黄麻/棉混纺织物,对3种织物进行了吸放湿性能、芯吸效果、拉伸性能、透气效果、悬垂性、折皱回复性及织物风格等方面的测试与比较。研究结果表明:用18texJ30/C70纱制织的织物的拉伸断裂强力及撕破强力与棉织物基本接近,两种棉麻混纺织物相对纯棉织物均具有更为优良的吸湿性能、芯吸性能及透气性能,弯曲刚度大于纯棉织物,而折皱回复性及织物悬垂性差于纯棉织物。