Periclase-Carbon Refractories from the Kombinat Magnezit JSC for Use in Converter Steelmaking Technology at the Magnitogorskii Metal-and-Steel Works JSC

Cooperation between the Kombinat Magnezit Joint-Stock Co. and Magnitogorskii Metal-and-Steel Works Joint-Stock Co. in the area of exploitation of converter refractories is briefly outlined. Prospects for further improvement of the performance characteristics of refractories and converter design are discussed.     

Towards Increasing Endurance of Carbon-Containing Refractories for Converter Steel-Making Technology

The many-years cooperation of the Magnitogorskii Metal-and-Steel Works Joint-Stock Co. and the Kombinat Magnezit Joint-Stock Co. has resulted in the development of advanced periclase-carbon refractories for converter linings with an endurance of 2536 heats (maximum 3388 heats), and for steel-teeming ladle linings — more than 60 heats. The refractory consumption rate is decreased by a factor of 3.7, with a corresponding decrease in the consumption of refractory per ton of steel.     

Optimizing the Plastic Properties of Binding Clays with Use of a Simplex-Lattice Method of Experimental Design

The effect of plasticizers on the plastic properties of refractory clay mixtures is studied. Optimal concentrations for additions are specified. Applications to the serial production of aluminosilicate materials at the Borovichskii Refractory Kombinat Joint-Stock Co. are reported.     

Expanding the product range to meet metallurgists’ growing demands

A brief overview of carbon-containing refractory products available from the Semiluki Refractory Plant Joint-Stock Co and areas of their application is given. __________ Translated from Novye Ogneupory, No. 1, pp. 27–30, January, 2006.     

The Use of Refractory Castables in the Ferrous Metallurgy

Products commercially available from the Ogneupornye Tekhnologii Joint-Stock Co. are described and their physicochemical characteristics presented. Results for refractory castables tested under industrial conditions are presented and compared with those of foreign analogs. Routes toward further improving convention castables and developing new materials are outlined.     

Inert Gas Blowing Units for Use in Steel Ladles: an Expertise from the Dinur Joint-Stock Co.

Development, fabrication, testing, and service under industrial conditions of blowing tuyeres and blowing units commercially available from the DINUR Joint-Stock Co. are described. The high performance characteristics of the newly-developed facilities, not inferior to those of the world's best analogs, are emphasized.     

Carbon-based refractory lining components and materials available from the Chelyabinsk Electrode Plant

Carbon-based refractories for the lining of thermal power units for service in the ferrous and nonferrous metallurgy commercially available from the Chelyabinsk Electrode Plant Joint-Stock Co. (incorporated in the Énergoprom-Management Co.) are considered. Technologies for the manufacture of advanced carbon refractories are described. Routes towards further improvement of technologies for the manufacture of carbon-based lining materials and components of a third generation are discussed.__________Translated from Novye Ogneupory, No. 8, pp. 11 – 15, August, 2004.     

Basic-Composition Mixture for the Consumable Lining of Intermediate Ladles

Thermomechanical and chemical-ceramic properties of the PTMS basic-composition mixture for the consumable refractory lining of intermediate ladles in service at the Kombinat Magnezit Joint-Stock Co. are considered and some details of the fabrication technique are discussed. Results for the mixture tested for performance at various metallurgical plants are given. Advantages of the mixture for practical application, its microstructural characteristics in pre- and post-service conditions, and the wear behavior are discussed.     

Improving Lining Resistance Using High-Magnesia Fluxes in the Converter Steelmaking Process

Tests carried out at the Severstal Joint-Stock Co. and Magnitogorskii Iron-and-Steel Works JSC showed that a lime-magnesia flux containing 30 – 35% MgO used in the converter steelmaking process produced a favorable effect on the refractory lining resistance. Compositions for high-magnesia granules (50 – 65% MgO) were developed, their properties characterized, and the rate of solution in the slag melt was determined. Using these granules in the converter process makes it possible to increase the service life of periclase-carbon refractories for converter linings.     

Refractories for the Taphole of Converters

A range of refractory materials for the converter's taphole lining commercially available from the Kombinat Magnezit Joint-Stock Co. and major aspects of the processing technology are considered. The effective use of antioxidant additions is confirmed by thermal analysis. Results of operational tests of refractory materials are discussed. The advantages of an innovative design of the taphole unit composed of blocks of variable diameter and assembled on a metal template are emphasized. An economic feasibility analysis of the use of periclase-carbon taphole blocks is given. The newly designed refractory material are shown to conform with the requirements of modern converter technology.     

Advanced Refractory Products and Materials Developed at the A. S. Berezhnoi Ukrainian Research Institute for Refractories Joint-Stock Co.

A brief survey of R&D activities carried out at the A. S. Berezhnoi Ukrainian Research Institute for Refractories (UkrRIR) Joint-Stock Co. is presented aimed at the output of unique high-tech refractory products for metallurgical, machine building, glass-making, petrochemical, and other branches of industry. A wide range of products recently developed and/or commercially available is considered: refractory components of different size and shape — mullite-corundum, corundum with zircon added, chromium oxide, periclase-lime-carbon, silicon carbide, zirconia, high-efficient lightweight calcium hexaaluminate and anorthite-based composites, concrete and ramming mixes of corundum zirconia, mullite-corundum, mullite-silica, chamotte and silicon carbide composition (low-cement included).     

Ways to increase endurance of the refractory lining in converters

Based on the expertise gained in the use of a 350-ton converter at the WSIWS Joint-Stock Co., blowing facilities and regimes have been modified. Low-temperature slag splashing is numerically simulated for a top-blown tuyere using tips with single and double-row nozzle arrangement. A slag-splashing tuyere fitted with a steel tip with a double-row arrangement of nozzles has been designed. Ways to improve the melting technology using modified tuyeres combining slag splashing and flame gunning operations and to improve repair of the lining using a vertical tuyere are proposed.Translated from Novye Ogneupory, No. 8, pp. 16 – 19, August, 2004.The participation of V. V. Lipen, A. P. Presnyakov, V. V. Buimov, and S. V. Shchipanov in this work is gratefully acknowledged.     

Coking causes of boiling-bed isobutane dehydrogenation reactor

The formation of disperse metal particles and existing dead spaces in reactors were found to cause intense coking in boiling-bed dehydrogenation reactors. These disperse metal particles result from abrasive wear of the reactor construction parts with corundum particles existing in the IM-2201 catalyst due to jet flows accounted for by the geometry of the reactor interior devices. On these disperse metal particles, hydrocarbons are catalytically decomposed into hydrogen and carbon nanofibers of two types: fibers with a pile arrangement of graphene layers and bamboo-like tubes. The amount of formed carbon exceeds by two orders of magnitude the amount of metal resulting from abrasive wear. It was recommended to redesign the reactor in order to minimize abrasive wear of its parts, to line the reactor parts with ceramic materials, and to use a corundum-free catalyst. The results of this work can be used to prevent coking in boiling-bed reactors for the synthesis of isobutylene, isoamylenes, and n-butylene at Sibur Open Joint-Stock Company, Nizhnekamskneftekhim Open Joint-Stock Company, etc.     

New Developments in Continuous Production of Viscose Textile Thread

Viskoza Joint-Stock Scientific Research Center, created from the former Department of Hydrated Cellulose Fibers at the All-Russian Scientific-Research Institute of Polymer Fibers, is continuing research in the direction that was the basis for creation of the Institute 70 years ago: the development of technology and equipment for production of viscose fibers and thread. The results of the studies conducted by several generations of scientists can be used to analyze modern processes and develop process regimes for production of viscose and thread on new versions of machines.     

Economic efficiency as the main factor in development of the production technology for corundum ramming mix

A technology is developed for the production of corundum-based ramming mix compositions, in which the fused-corundum component is partly replaced by commercial alumina of GK grade bound with an aqueous orthophosphoric acid solution of reduced density. The modified ramming mix compositions are produced on a commercial scale by the Experimental Plant of the UkrNIIO Joint-Stock Company. Translated from Ogneupory i Tekhnicheskaya Keramika, No. 3, pp. 31–32, March, 1997.     

Tverlana® Thermostable Polyamidobenzimidazole Fibre

An original heat- and fire-resistant aramid fibre that has broad textile applications and combines the favorable economic indexes of meta-aramid fibres with elevated fire resistance and hygroscopicity was developed as a result of research conducted at the All-Russian Scientific-Research Institute of Polymer Fibres (ASRIPF) with pilot plant and Tver'khimvolokno Open Joint-Stock Company. Production of thermostable and fireproof Tverlana fibre on the industrial scale is planned.     

The Use of a Multiple-Purpose Lining of the Casting Ladle in an Integrated Steel-Processing Unit at the Oskol'skii Electrical Iron and Steel Works

A report is given on the production of periclase-carbon refractories using advanced technologies and raw periclase of different quality grade at the Semilukskii Refractory Plant Joint-Stock Company (SRP JSC). Refractories available from the SRP JSC were used at the Oskol'skii Electrical Iron and Steel Works JSC (OEISW JSC) to fabricate the multiple-purpose lining for casting ladles exploited in vacuum furnaces and integrated steel-processing units. The endurance of the lining for the walls and the slag zone of the casting ladle reaches 69 heats.     

Use of polyester monofilaments in the connecting locks of drying screens — “clothing” for paper machines

Different types of frames for joining the ends of drying screens — “clothing” for paper machines were analyzed. A structure for connecting frames for modern fabric drying screens which totally correspond to the technological and service requirements was developed. The optimum types of connecting frames for drying screens include the end segments of the screen fabric forming the sewn flap and the ellipsoidal coil of thick polyester monofilaments mutually connected by a polymer rod. Nevskaya Manufaktura Joint-Stock Company, St. Petersburg. Translated fromKhimicheskie Volokna, No. 5, pp. 45–47. September–October, 1999.     

Porous Co/Co–Ni–Pt nanostructures prepared by galvanic replacement towards methanol electro-oxidation

The nanostructured Co/Co–Ni–Pt catalyst were synthesized by electrodeposition process and galvanic replacement reaction. The alloy prepared on a copper electrode (Cu/Co/Co–Ni–Zn) was dipped in platinum containing alkaline solution to produce a porous Cu/Co/Co–Ni–Pt catalyst. The catalyst was characterized by energy dispersive X-ray and scanning electron microscopy techniques and its electrocatalytic properties were evaluated using cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and chronoamperometry techniques. The results showed that the Co/Co–Ni–Pt coatings are porous, and composed of discrete Pt nanoparticles with the crystallite size of about 66 nm. It was shown from cyclic voltammograms in alkaline solutions that the oxidation current of methanol on the nanostructured Cu/Co/Co–Ni–Pt electrode was much higher than that on flat platinum. Electrochemical impedance spectra on the Co/Co–Ni–Pt electrode reveal that the charge transfer resistance decreases with the increase of anodic potentials. All results show that the Co/Co–Ni–Pt catalysts can be potential anode catalysts for the direct methanol fuel cell.