采用应力场强法对某型航空发动机压气机轮盘的疲劳寿命评估及试验研究

采用应力场强法对某型航空发动机压气机轮盘疲劳寿命进行了评估,对如何确定场径的大小、应力场拟合,以及应力场强因子计算等步骤进行了详细的讨论。基于该轮盘的全尺寸件开展了疲劳寿命试验。试验结果显示,采用应力场强法进行疲劳寿命评估的结果具有较高的精度,相对于传统的名义应力法具有显著的优越性。     

一种新的铝合金应变疲劳计算方法

提出了一种在铝合金构件应变疲劳分析中,计算局部应力和应变变程的新方法。这种方法称作应力功恒等法。采用这种新方法,计算了2024-T42铝合金试件在恒幅循环载荷作用下的疲劳寿命,并将疲劳寿命计算结果与试验结果进行了对比分析。对比分析结果表明,采用这种新方法计算构件应力集中处的局部应力和应变变程,具有较高的计算精度。     

基于拉弯比的焊缝名义应力的提取

为了获得任意拉弯组合载荷下焊缝的名义应力,利用纯弯和纯拉压载荷下的应力集中系数,引入拉弯组合名义应力换算系数,将基于纯拉压名义应力的焊缝疲劳性能数据,转换为疲劳损伤一致的、基于拉弯组合名义应力的焊缝疲劳性能数据．为了消除有限元建模导致的计算误差,引入单元尺寸影响因子,将拉弯组合的计算应力转换为拉弯组合的名义应力．通过上面2个转换,引入拉弯组合计算名义应力换算系数,将有限元中的拉弯组合计算应力转换为基于拉压载荷疲劳试验的名义应力,从而在具体的焊缝结构疲劳强度评估时可以直接使用拉压载荷下的疲劳试验数据．计算结果表明：拉弯组合计算名义应力换算系数与拉弯比、拉弯应力集中因子比和有限元模型中拉弯单元尺寸影响因子有关．通过选择合适的单元尺寸,使得拉压单元尺寸影响因子等于拉弯应力集中因子比,且弯曲单元尺寸影响因子等于1,可使得拉弯组合计算名义应力换算系数恒等于拉压单元尺寸影响因子,而与拉弯比无关．     

圆管-方管混凝土T型节点疲劳性能试验研究

基于热点应力法的管节点疲劳性能研究思路中,热点应力集中系数和疲劳寿命是描述焊接管结构节点疲劳性能的两个主要方面。对8个支管为圆管主管为内填充C50等级混凝土的方管节点试件（CT1～CT8）进行热点应力试验以确定其热点应力集中系数（SCF）,在此基础上进行疲劳试验以确定其疲劳寿命（N3）,并将试验结果与具有相同几何尺寸和受力条件的圆管-方管节点试验结果以及相关规范进行比较分析。研究表明,支管受轴向荷载下,圆管-方管混凝土节点较对应空钢管节点而言,节点区刚度分布有明显改善,前者SCF最大值均小于后者SCF最大值,具有更好的疲劳性能;已有规范中关于空钢管节点疲劳性能的S-N曲线不适用于进行圆管-方管混凝土T型节点的疲劳性能分析。     

一种理论应力集中系数的有效算法研究

在有限元分析结果的基础上,提出用最大主应力有限元法求解理论应力集中系数K_t .数值计算结果与理论计算值和实验测得的值相一致,并进一步从网格细化方面的影响作了分析.结果表明网格细化到一定程度时,计算精度提高了,应力集中系数趋于一稳定值,而且与疲劳寿命估算时的应力取向相一致,进一步保证了计算寿命的准确度,为疲劳分析提供了重要的参数依据     

高纯LD7铝合金锻件高周疲劳极限试验研究

通过测试高纯LD7在不同应力集中系数和不同应力比情况下的重复交变应力与疲劳寿命对应关系来了解该材料的疲劳性能，为飞机设计选材提供依据。     

钙钠玻璃的循环疲劳强度预测

本文提出了一种表征及预测钙钠玻璃光滑和缺口试件在不同载荷条件下疲劳强度的通用方法．因钙钠玻璃中不存在有效的裂纹屏蔽机制,循环载荷在钙销玻璃中不会造成明显的附加损伤,亚临界裂纹扩展受应力腐蚀机制控制,循环疲劳寿命与加载频率无关．缺口试件的缺口疲劳系数Kf与其应力集中系数Kt近似相等．采用文中定义的等效应力做为力学参量,可将光滑及缺口试件在不同加载条件下的SPT图归一化．     

2024铝合金喷丸试件疲劳寿命试验及仿真研究

现有的喷丸材料疲劳性能研究扩展有限元模型没有考虑残余应力对裂纹扩展的影响。对2024铝合金的喷丸与未喷丸试样进行三弯疲劳试验,以明确喷丸工艺对试件疲劳寿命的强化作用。通过ABAQUS建立试件的二维平面应力模型,导入残余应力并利用扩展有限元法模拟循环载荷下裂纹的萌生与扩展,对比试验结果来验证该扩展有限元数值模型的正确性。最后基于该数值模型,改变载荷工况,研究不同载荷工况下残余应力对疲劳寿命的影响,得到喷丸残余应力强化作用与载荷工况的关系。结果表明:喷丸引入的残余应力可以有效地增强试件的疲劳寿命;过大的循环载荷可能造成喷丸残余应力发生松弛;在最大载荷不变的前提下,应力比越小,试件疲劳寿命越短;应力比越大,残余应力对疲劳寿命强化效果越明显。     

K节点应力集中系数的试验和数值研究方法

工程中常用的评价海洋平台中管节点疲劳寿命的方法是使用S-N曲线。当管节点承受疲劳载荷作用的时候,可以通过数值或者试验方法得到沿着焊缝处的热点应力幅的大小。然后通过S-N曲线,可以预测此节点在破坏前可以承受疲劳载荷的循环次数。应力幅的大小可以由应力集中系数这个参数来确定。对K型节点在承受基本载荷作用下的应力集中系数进行了数值和试验分析,得到了各种基本载荷作用下K节点沿着焊缝处应力分布情况和极值应力点的位置。     

铝内胆复合材料储氢瓶爆破压力与疲劳寿命关系研究

针对在铝内胆复合材料储氢瓶（又称为“III型储氢瓶”）设计阶段难以根据设计的气瓶爆破压力和疲劳寿命确定内胆厚度和纤维应力比的问题,研究了III型储氢瓶爆破压力与疲劳寿命的关系。首先,构建了III型储氢瓶的有限元计算模型,提出了基于有限元的气瓶爆破压力和疲劳寿命的预测方法,分析了在内胆厚度和纤维应力比两个因素影响下III型储氢瓶的应力分布状态。其次,研究了内胆厚度和纤维应力比对III型储氢瓶爆破压力和疲劳寿命的影响规律,结果表明：在一定的内胆厚度和纤维应力比范围内,增大内胆厚度,气瓶爆破压力提升较小;增大纤维应力比,则气瓶爆破压力提升较大;III型储氢瓶对数疲劳寿命与内胆厚度和纤维应力比均基本呈线性关系。最后,基于纤维缠绕压力容器爆破压力计算公式和III型储氢瓶对数疲劳寿命拟合关系式,得到了不同条件下III型储氢瓶爆破压力与疲劳寿命的关系式。研究结果可为III型储氢瓶结构的优化设计提供参考。     

应力强度因子的误差评估

该文根据裂纹尖端位移的计算公式,导出了一个用于评估应力强度因子计算误差的指标参数。在已知裂纹尖端位移场的情况下,该参数可以有效的说明应力强度因子的计算精度。最后通过算例分析说明该参数是一个有工程应用价值和计算简便的参数。     

Local stress–strain field intensity approach to fatigue life prediction under random cyclic loading

According to the characteristic of the local behavior of fatigue damage, on the basis of stress field intensity approach, a theory of local stress–strain field intensity for fatigue damage at the notch is developed in this paper, which can take account of the effects of the local stress–strain gradient on fatigue damage at the notch. In order to calculate the local stress–strain field intensity parameters, an incremental elastic-plastic finite element analysis under random cyclic loading is used to determine the local stress–strain response. A local stress–strain field intensity approach to fatigue life prediction is proposed by means of elastic-plastic finite element method for notched specimens. This approach is used to predict fatigue crack initiation life, and good correlation was observed with U-shape notched specimens for normalized 45 steel.     

A Bayes approach to reliability prediction utilizing data from accelerated life tests and field failure observations

A Bayes approach is proposed to improve product reliability prediction by integrating failure information from both the field performance data and the accelerated life testing data. It is found that a product's field failure characteristic may not be directly extrapolated from the accelerated life testing results because of the variation of field use condition that cannot be replicated in the lab‐test environment. A calibration factor is introduced to model the effect of uncertainty of field stress on product lifetime. It is useful when the field performance of a new product needs to be inferred from its accelerated life test results and this product will be used in the same environment where the field failure data of older products are available. The proposed Bayes approach provides a proper mechanism of fusing information from various sources. The statistical inference procedure is carried out through the Markov chain Monte Carlo method. An example of an electronic device is provided to illustrate the use of the proposed method. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Evaluation of stress concentration of U‐shaped notch based on residual magnetic field measurements

In this research, the correlation between the stress concentration and the residual magnetic field (RMF) of 30Cr steel was investigated. Tensile tests were carried out to measure the RMF signals on the surface of U‐shaped defect specimens. It was found that the tangential RMF signal at the defect area is correlated to the applied load and the stress concentration factor. A new method based on magnetic field to evaluate the stress concentration degree is proposed. This research provides a potential possibility for quantitative inspection of the stress concentration in ferromagnetic steels using the RMF measurements.     

Experimental evaluation of stress field around crack tip by caustic method

The caustic method is an optical technique which is useful to determine stress intensity factor values. In this paper, the caustics method was applied to specimens which have an oblique crack, various thicknesses and an open notch to investigate the stress field around the crack tip. The results are summarized as follows:

1. The caustic method is a useful technique to determine the stress intensity factor values of the specimens which have an oblique crack or various thickness and an open notch.

2. The conventional theory of measurement concerning this method is effective when the initial curve r₀ is larger than the minimum initial curve r₀^min which was obtained in this study. It is observed that the values of r₀^min decrease as the ratio of K_II to K_I increases under mixed-mode loading, the one increases with an increase of thickness and notch opening angle.

3. The 3D stress field exists in the vicinity of crack tip; however, the stress state is nearly plane strain deformation in the case of mode I loading. In the case of mixed-mode loading, the stress state approximates to plane stress deformation as the ratio of K_II to K_I increases.

4. A method based on the distribution of the three-dimensional (3D) stress field is proposed to expediently yield the values of K_I using the caustic method in the case of r₀<r₀^min.

A general model for stress‐life fatigue prediction

From several factors that influence the fatigue behaviour of a particular material, the stress ratio or mean stress and the stress concentration factor are of great importance for the structural calculation. Since most components and structural members contain notches that could be sites of fatigue crack initiation, fatigue data from specimens with different forms of notches have to be collected. The collection of such data at various stress ratios or mean stresses is not economic and time‐consuming. Based on the Walker equivalent stress model, a general fatigue life model is presented and tested with 2024‐T3 fatigue data, available in the literature. The Walker model considered only the effect of stress ratio or mean stress on the fatigue behaviour. On the other hand, in the proposed model, the combined effect of mean stress and stress concentration factor on fatigue behaviour is demonstrated. The statistical analysis indicates that the presented model is very efficient to interpolate the fatigue life successfully, thereby reducing both time and cost.     

基于类等势场的粉末高温合金盘件预成形设计

根据能量最小原理和最小阻力原理,利用塑性变形过程中坯料的流动规律与静电场等势线分布类似这一特性,提出一种能够进行预成形设计的新方法——类等势场法,并采用该方法对粉末高温合金盘件进行预成形设计,从中优选出6组预成形形状,利用MSC/Super Form商用有限元软件对上述预制坯的等温成形过程进行了数值模拟,得到了6组粉末高温合金盘件在预锻到终锻过程中的应力率参数和应变率梯度.通过对盘件轮毂、辐板和轮缘3个部位6个典型单元体应力率参数g的比较与分析,以及整体盘件应变率梯度的比较,并参考预锻变形量和终锻变形量,认为选择3号预锻模为最佳方案.