闭孔泡沫铝的力学性能和吸能能力

在闭孔泡沫铝准静态压缩试验的基础上,研究了其力学性能、吸能能力。结果表明,闭孔泡沫铝单轴压缩应力-应变曲线呈现线弹性变形、塑性平台阶段、致密化阶段3个阶段;闭孔泡沫铝的压缩强度、吸能能力随着孔隙率的增大而减小,采用Gibson-Ashby模型分析闭孔泡沫铝的压缩屈服强度,吻合良好。并在此基础上,提出可供工程使用的多孔泡沫金属吸能能力公式,为其工程应用提供理论支持。     

闭孔泡沫铝的动态压缩性能试验研究

为了研究闭孔泡沫铝动态压缩性能的应变率效应,采用改进的INSTRON高速动力加载系统,对不同应变率下闭孔泡沫铝试件进行动态压缩试验研究。首先利用正向试验和反向试验技术对不同厚度的闭孔泡沫铝试件在同一加载速率下的动态压缩性能进行了研究,得到了在一定速率下消除泡沫铝动态压缩试验中惯性效应的合理试件厚度。进一步开展了闭孔泡沫铝试件在不同加载速率下的高速压缩试验,研究了其动态压缩性能随应变率的变化规律。结果表明在高速压缩下,闭孔泡沫铝的应力-应变曲线与准静态条件相同,具有明显的弹性段、平台段及压实段的3阶段特征。闭孔泡沫铝的平台应力具有明显的应变率效应,而致密应变在不同的应变率下表现出了不同的变化趋势,初步解释为泡沫铝孔壁塑性变形机制的改变以及波动效应的相互影响。闭孔泡沫铝的吸能能力随应变率的增加而明显提升。     

闭孔泡沫铝缓冲性能及其变形失效机理研究

在闭孔泡沫铝的准静态压缩实验基础上,研究不同孔隙率下的力学性能和吸能性能,分析其压缩变形机理。结果表明,闭孔泡沫铝的压缩过程存在明显的3个阶段:线弹性阶段、塑性平台阶段和致密化阶段。随着孔隙率的增大,闭孔泡沫铝的屈服强度、弹性模量和压实应力均减小。在压缩过程中,吸能效率和理想吸能效率均是先上升后下降。孔隙率对吸能效率影响较大,对最大理想吸能效率影响不大。将理想吸能效率曲线和吸能效率曲线结合可以选择合适的缓冲材料,发挥其最佳吸能特性。闭孔泡沫铝在准静态压缩条件下有良好的塑性变形能力,变形呈逐层破坏的特征。     

闭孔泡沫Mg2Si/Al复合材料的制备及压缩性能研究

采用熔体发泡法,以原位自生Mg2Si/Al复合材料为基体,CaCO3作发泡剂,通过控制温度和搅拌参数,成功制备出不同密度的闭孔泡沫铝。通过静态压缩性能试验发现:泡沫Mg2Si/Al复合材料的压缩过程具备泡沫金属压缩变形的三阶段(弹性变形、应力平台区、致密化阶段)特征;压缩屈服强度和平台应力均随密度增加而增大;屈服点附近应力值下降,应力平台区出现锯齿波形,暴露出孔壁的脆性破裂特征。经过人工时效热处理,泡沫Mg2Si/Al复合材料的屈服强度显著增大。通过观察孔壁的微观组织发现,Al基体被孔壁中粗大的Al+Mg2Si伪共晶组织所割裂。     

石膏型渗流制备泡沫铝填充圆管压缩行为研究

采用石膏型渗流制备开孔泡沫铝并填充到薄壁圆管,制成泡沫铝夹心管.通过准静态压缩试验研究了泡沫铝夹心管的压缩行为.结果表明:采用石膏型渗流法制备的泡沫铝孔隙率在85％左右,其压缩变形阶段可分为弹性段、塑性平台段和致密化段;空心圆管的压缩行为与其本身的结构参数有关;泡沫铝夹心管的力学性能与吸能能力比空心圆管和泡沫铝有了一定...     

高温处理后闭孔泡沫铝压缩性能及变形机理

目的 探究温度和孔隙率对闭孔泡沫铝材料压缩力学性能和变形机理的影响。方法 将孔隙率为84.3%～87.3%的泡沫铝试件在温度25～700 ℃内进行加热处理,对处理后的试样开展准静态压缩实验。结果 在准静态压缩条件下,闭孔泡沫铝材料在不同温度加热处理后的压缩应力–应变曲线均经历了3个阶段:弹性阶段、塑性平台阶段和密实阶段。孔隙率从87.3%减小到84.3%时,其弹性模量增大了44.4 MPa,屈服强度增大了0.39 MPa,平台应力增大了0.94 MPa。孔隙率为84.3%的泡沫铝,在25 ℃时,其弹性模量为141.4 MPa、屈服强度为4.25 MPa、平台应力为4.75 MPa;当加热温度为500 ℃时,弹性模量减小到了128.0 MPa、屈服强度减小到了4.22 MPa、平台应力减小到了4.51 MPa。结论 泡沫铝的弹性模量、抗压屈服强度和平台应力均随孔隙率的增加而减小;加热温度低于500 ℃以下时,泡沫铝材料力学性能变化很小,但屈服强度和弹性模量均小幅度降低;在压缩载荷下,泡沫铝的变形破坏模式呈现出先从试件铝基体较薄弱部分产生孔壁塑性变形、孔洞坍塌,并逐渐出现断裂压缩带,直至泡沫铝孔洞完全坍塌密实。     

开孔与闭孔泡沫铝的压缩力学行为

研究了开孔与闭孔两种胞孔结构不同、制备工艺不同的泡沫铝在准静态压缩载荷下的压缩响应曲线.结果表明:开孔与闭孔泡沫铝压缩应力-应变曲线均具有多孔泡沫材料明显的三阶段特征,即线弹性段、塑性屈服平台段及致密段;相对密度对泡沫材料的力学性能(如杨氏模量、屈服强度)有很大影响;在准静态下,开孔泡沫铝表现出明显的应变率效应,而闭孔泡沫不如开孔敏感;泡沫铝材料表现为弱的各向异性;胞孔结构影响两种泡沫材料的压缩响应曲线.     

泡沫铝填充薄壁铝合金多胞构件与单胞构件吸能性能研究

为研究泡沫铝填充薄壁铝合金多胞结构与单胞结构的吸能能力,该文基于有限元软件LS-DYNA建立了泡沫铝填充薄壁铝合金多胞结构与单胞结构的数值仿真。对经典薄壁圆管试验及泡沫铝填充薄壁圆管试验进行了数值模拟,分析表明该数值模型能够较好的模拟泡沫铝填充薄壁圆管在轴向冲击过程中的撞击力和变形发展。基于该模型对比研究了不同因素下泡沫铝填充薄壁铝合金多胞结构与单胞结构的轴向吸能特性,分析了其破坏模式、吸能机理和两者吸能效率。结果表明:在轴向冲击荷载作用下,泡沫铝填充薄壁铝合金的破坏模式为轴对称渐进折叠破坏模式,冲击力-位移曲线和变形模态图显示其变形过程分为3个阶段:弹性阶段、平台阶段和强化阶段。当冲击压缩距离为构件高度的80%时,7种不同参数下的泡沫铝填充薄壁铝合金多胞结构的吸能效率明显高于7种单胞结构,吸收的能量E和比吸能SEA都提高了50%以上,是一种优秀的吸能构件,可广泛应用于防护工程中。     

闭孔泡沫铝在动态加载下的压缩力学行为研究

为研究闭孔泡沫铝的动态压缩力学响应过程,基于典型泡沫铝试样的孔型和分布情况构建了Voronoi模型,根据实验结果验证了模型的准确性。基于LS-DYNA分析了目前泡沫铝常用的Kelvin模型和Voronoi模型之间的差异性,研究了加载速度、基体应变率效应和压缩惯性效应对闭孔泡沫铝变形模式和应力水平的影响规律。研究结果表明:Voronoi模型应力-应变水平和变形模式与实验结果拟合较好,内部结构比单胞阵列的Kelvin模型更趋真实合理;在低速压缩下,泡沫铝惯性效应基本上可以被忽略,而高速压缩下,受压缩惯性效应影响,泡沫铝平台应力随着加载速度的增大而增大;当考虑泡沫铝基体应变率效应时,泡沫铝平台应力水平会得到有效的改善,且泡沫铝整体呈现应变率效应。     

应变率对泡沫铝压缩性能的影响

泡沫铝作为抗冲击及减震材料,很多场合都要经受冲压变形.目前,关于泡沫铝在压缩过程中表现出的应变率效应说法不一.概述了应变率对泡沫铝压缩性能的影响,结果表明,由于泡孔的变形特性使泡沫铝具有明显的应变率效应,泡孔在变形过程中的局部化、微观惯性和致密化是其对应变率敏感的根本原因.在高应变率下,滞留气体对闭孔泡沫铝的压缩有一定影响,开孔泡沫铝对应变率的敏感度还未有统一结论.     

Dynamic crushing behavior of 3D closed-cell foams based on Voronoi random model

Dynamic crushing responses of three-dimensional cellular foams are investigated using the Voronoi tessellation technique and the finite element (FE) method. FE models are constructed for such closed-cell foam structures based on Voronoi diagrams. The plateau stress and the densification strain energy are determined using the FE models. The effects of the cell shape irregularity, impact loading, relative density and strain hardening on the deformation mode and the plateau stress are studied. The results indicate that both the plateau stress and the densification strain energy can be improved by increasing the degree of cell shape irregularity. It is also found that the plastic deformation bands appear firstly in the middle of the model based on tetrakaidecahedron at low impact velocities. However, the crushing bands are seen to be randomly distributed in the model based on Voronoi tessellation. At high impact velocities, the “I” shaped deformation mode is clearly observed in all foam structures. Finally, the capacity of foams absorbing energy can be improved by increasing appropriately the degree of cell shape irregularity.     

粉煤灰聚氨酯复合泡沫静动态力学特性实验研究

以大尺寸粉煤灰漂珠为主要组分,以硬质聚氨酯泡沫为黏结剂制备了一种具有多尺度胞孔形态的复合泡沫,对其准静态压缩和动态冲击下的力学性能和变形机制进行研究。结果表明:①该复合泡沫应力应变曲线具有典型的线弹性、塑性平台和致密化三个特征阶段且具有相对稳定的平台应力;在密度0.45~0.6 g/cm^3,复合泡沫平台应力(6.5~18 MPa)和到压实应变处吸收的能量(3.42~8.9 MJ/m 3)随密度增大而提高,且平台应力与相对密度之间满足幂函数关系;②采用铝蜂窝为增强相可使同密度下复合泡沫抗压强度和平台应力分别提升约20%~45%和10%~25%,准静态下复合泡沫主要发生剪切失效,增强泡沫的主要失效形式则转变为轴向压缩失效。③在0.001~1500 s^-1应变率范围内,复合泡沫抗压强度有明显的应变率效应但平台应力并未随应变率的增大而提高。增强复合泡沫的强度和平台应力均呈现出明显的应变率效应,采用铝蜂窝不仅能提高复合泡沫力学性能,还能够改善其力学行为,使材料具有更优异的动力学特性;研究为工业固废粉煤灰的综合利用提供新思路。     

Closed-cell Al alloy composite foams: Production and characterization

Foamy Al alloy SiCp composites of different densities ranging from 0.4 to 0.7 g/cm³ were manufactured by melt-foaming process, which consisted of direct CaCO₃ addition into the molten A356 aluminum bath. Mechanical properties and morphological observations indicated that the three-stage deformation mechanism of typical cellular foams is dominant in the produced A356 aluminum foams. Middle-stage stress plateau shrinkage plus compressive strength and bending stress enhancements were observed in denser foams. With the same Al/SiCp ratio, energy absorption ability and plastic collapse strength of the closed-cell foams were increased with the foam density. Doubling cell-face bending effects resulted in larger compressive than bending strengths in the closed-cell foams; while stiffness lowering was due to the cell-face stretching conditions.     

The mechanical behavior of foamed aluminum

Experiments have been carried out to investigate the mechanical behavior of foamed aluminum with different matrixes and states. It is found that the matrix composition has a significant influence over the deformation, failure and fracture of foamed aluminum. Like other cellular solid materials, Al foam shows a smooth compression stress–strain curve with three regions characteristic of plastic foams: linear elastic, plastic collapse and densification. AlMg10 foam has a serrated plateau and no densification, characteristic of brittle foams. AlMg10 foam has higher compressive and tensile strength but lower ductility than Al foam. The difference in the mechanical properties between Al foam and AlMg10 foam decreases as the relative density decreases, and when it is lower than roughly 0.15, no difference can be discerned. The mechanical properties in compression are clearly higher than those in tension, which can be explained in terms of dislocation theory and stress concentration behavior.     

熔体发泡法泡沫铝的力学性能研究

对采用熔体发泡法制造的不同密度泡沫铝进行了准静态压缩试验、拉伸试验和弯曲试验。结果表明,泡沫铝的压缩特性曲线包括线弹性变形区、平台区和密实化区。试样的高宽比H/D明显影响压缩应力-应变曲线。当H/D较小时,平台应力曲线较平滑;当H/D较大时,平台应力曲线剧烈波动,呈显著的锯齿状。且在试样中间部位出现与加载轴线呈25°—45°的剪切带。拉伸和弯曲过程中,泡沫铝应力快速增加,当达到应力峰值即屈服点后急剧减小,在最终破断失效前,没有明显的屈服变形带。压缩坪应力Rpl、拉伸屈服应力RUTS和冷弯屈服应力Rf随密度的增加而增加。     

Bending behavior of aluminum foam-filled double cylindrical tubes

Quasi-static experiments and numerical simulations are carried out to study three-point bending behavior of a new kind of structures, i.e., double cylindrical tubes filled with closed-cell aluminum foam. The deformation and failure mechanism of this new structure were observed and analyzed numerically using the finite element method. It is revealed that the stress distribution and fracture of the foam-filled double-tube structure are different from those of an empty tube and foam-filled single tube. Two cracks were found experimentally, and both experiments and numerical simulation show that cracks initiated in the aluminum foam. In comparison with empty and foam-filled single tubes, the load-carrying capacity of this new structure is much steadier, the bending resistance is enhanced, and the weight efficiency of energy absorption is higher. Parameters affecting the performance of the foam-filled double-tube structures are also studied.     

梯度泡沫金属的冲击吸能特性

基于闭孔泡沫铝的显微CT扫描信息,考虑胞孔的不规则形貌及胞孔分布的不均匀性,以及胞孔尺寸和壁厚沿泡沫高度的梯度分布,建立了梯度泡沫金属材料的二维细观有限元模型,分析了梯度泡沫金属材料在动态压缩过程中的变形、塑性波的传播和能量变化特征。对于平均相对密度0.3、平均梯度系数0.4的梯度泡沫铝,低速（10 m/s）加载时,梯度泡沫金属在变形的整个过程中吸收的总能量均低于均匀泡沫金属;高速加载时,梯度泡沫金属沿负梯度方向压缩的早期吸能比均匀泡沫金属有优势,而且速度越高,优势越明显。     

On the FE Modeling of Closed-cell Aluminum Foam

This investigation is concerned with the development of a multi-unit-cell which enables the modeling of the mechanical response of metallic foams subject to oblique loadings. The geometry of the cell was derived from careful observation of the foam morphology. The new closed unit cell is formed by the use of ellipsoids which are interconnected through a truncated pyramid. In this approach, we represent the morphology of closed-cell aluminum foams through the use of corresponding average uniform geometrical and mechanical properties. Extensive multi-unit-cell finite element analyses were conducted to examine the effect of key geometric parameters on the collapse load, normalized crush force versus deformation characteristics as well as the corresponding energy absorption. The numerical simulations were compared with crush test experiments involving different oblique loads. In spite of showing an initial stiff response, which is typical in idealized numerical models, the results revealed that the developed multi-unit-cell is able to simulate the crush behavior of closed-cell foams.