驱动齿轮冷挤压成形研究

分析了驱动齿轮的冷挤压成形工艺特征,确定其成形方式为齿轮与内花键同步挤压成形。利用Deform-3D有限元分析软件对驱动齿轮挤压成形过程进行数值模拟,分析了毛坯尺寸、凹模入口角对其挤压成形特性的影响。研究结果表明:当毛坯的外径尺寸大于齿顶圆直径尺寸2 mm、毛坯的内径尺寸为花键小径及凹模入口角为50°时,齿轮和内花键的齿形填充效果较好,同步挤压成形力相对较小。采用模拟得到的优化工艺参数进行挤压成形工艺试验,得到了符合成形精度要求的驱动齿轮成形件。     

大模数圆柱直齿轮正挤压数值模拟与实验研究

根据某型圆柱直齿轮的结构特点,提出了正挤压成形工艺。基于数值模拟研究了凹模入模角和坯料直径对成形性的影响。结果表明:当凹模入模角取45°时,凹模型腔充填最好,能获得完美的齿形。采用优化后的工艺参数对圆柱直齿轮进行了冷挤压成形试验。结果表明,冷挤压成形工艺方案适合空心直齿轮的成形。     

异形齿离合器盘毂冷挤压工艺优化分析与实验研究

针对某带有异形齿法兰离合器盘毂的结构特点提出冷挤压成形工艺。结合有限元分析与正交试验设计方法,以异形齿盘毂冷挤压成形峰值载荷、齿形充填情况以及最大损伤值为目标函数进行正交实验设计,并采用有限元模拟软件分析其凹模入模半锥角、凹模过渡圆角半径、坯料直径、摩擦系数和挤压速度对盘毂冷挤压成形性的影响。分析结果表明:凹模入模半锥角、凹模过渡圆角半径、坯料直径对盘毂冷挤压成形性具有显著影响,并得到最佳工艺参数组合为:入模半锥角40°、凹模过渡圆角半径3 mm和坯料直径Φ53.5 mm。工艺试验结果表明,采用优化后的盘毂冷挤压工艺可以生产出质量合格的产品。     

小规格TiNiNb管材的反向挤压成形工艺参数

针对44 mm×10.5 mm小规格Ti Ni Nb管材反挤压成形试验的工艺参数确定和模具设计问题,采用有限元热力耦合数值模拟和单因素轮换法,分析在满足制件成形质量(挤出温度低于共晶熔点)的前提下,挤压力与凹模模角和定径带长度、凹模和挤压筒温度、毛坯初始温度、挤压速度及摩擦因子等工艺参数和模具结构参数之间的关系,确定影响挤压力的主要工艺参数和模具结构参数分别为凹模模角、初始坯料温度、挤压速度和摩擦因子,并给出上述参数的取值范围。通过基于数值模拟的正交试验方法,得到了主要工艺参数和模具结构参数的最佳组合,即在保证润滑效果的前提下,取凹模模角110°、毛坯初始温度为950℃、挤压速度为50 mm/s。利用铅和45号钢毛坯在6.5 MN多向模锻挤压液压机上进行了验证实验。     

基于数值模拟的大长径比筒形件正挤压成形工艺研究

基于DEFORM-3D数值模拟软件,以某深孔汽缸为研究对象,建立了大长径比筒形件正挤压成形的有限元仿真模型,研究入模角α、凹模圆角r、定径带长度h、挤压速度v等工艺参数对金属塑性变形的影响;以挤压力峰值Lmax、坯料损伤峰值Dmax和凹模磨损量W为优化目标,进行正交试验方案设计,分析各工艺参数对优化目标的影响规律,获得较合理的工艺参数组合。研究结果表明,当入模角α=90°、凹模圆角r=3 mm、定径带长度h=20 mm、挤压速度v=10 mm/s时,可有效降低挤压力峰值和凹模磨损量,保证了零件的成形质量与模具的使用寿命。     

冷挤压成形工艺对圆柱直齿轮成形精度的影响

为了充分利用精密塑性成形技术原材料利用率高、生产易于实现自动化、产品质量好的优点,对圆柱直齿轮进行冷挤压成形,并通过有限元数值模拟方法研究了各种工艺参数对圆柱直齿轮挤压成形精度的影响。结果表明,入模角和毛坯直径是影响齿轮成形精度最为重要的两个因素。     

空心圆柱斜齿轮正挤压数值模拟研究

针对空心圆柱斜齿轮的几何特点,利用有限元软件Deform-3D对其闭式模锻工艺和空心坯料正挤压工艺进行模拟分析;利用有限元软件模拟在不同凹模入模角下的正挤压成形过程。结果表明:采用正挤压工艺比闭式模锻更合理;当凹模入模角为80°左右时,可得到几何形状满意的齿轮锻件,成形效果最好,适合空心斜齿轮的正挤压。该研究结果对空心圆柱斜齿轮精锻成形工艺的应用有一定的参考价值。     

螺伞齿轮冷挤压工艺与试验研究

采用数值模拟和实物挤压试验相结合的方法,对螺伞齿轮挤压工艺进行分析研究。试验结果既说明此方案可行,也验证了数值模拟的可靠性,为工艺方案的优化设计奠定了基础。结合正交试验设计方法和数值模拟技术,以毛坯外圆直径、毛坯内锥直径、凸模分流角和挤压速度4个关键挤压工艺参数作为设计变量,以成形时载荷值最小为目标,对工艺进行了优化。最后通过试验确定最佳方案。     

基于数值模拟杯套的温挤压成形工艺研究及模具磨损分析

以研究杯套的温挤压成形工艺及模具磨损分析为目的,设计了带有限流套的模具结构,解决其传统工艺中端面不平度的问题;根据杯套的结构特点,提出了杯套温挤压成形工艺方案;并且基于DEFORM-3D有限元模拟软件对两种不同直径毛坯的分别进行数值模拟。模拟结果显示,?31.8mm的毛坯挤压件成形效果好。基于正交试验采用方差分析法和极差分析法共同分析,以成形载荷,等效应变,凸模磨损量及其凹模磨损量的大小作为评判指标,获得最佳工艺参数组合;参数的最佳组合确定之后,采用最佳的参数组合来探寻不同摩擦系数对成形载荷和不同凸模初始硬度对凸模磨损量以及不同凹模初始硬度对凸模磨损量影响规律;利用最佳的组合参数来探寻挤压件中损伤因子云图、等效应变云图、速度场云图、温度场云图以及折叠角云图与优化前的变化规律。对杯套零件的实际生产及其相似零件的生产都有实际的指导意义,且有助于提高模具寿命,降低试模成本。     

工艺参数对T2紫铜微齿轮挤压成形的影响

经过不同热处理工艺的T2紫铜圆柱坯料通过压缩试验测得材料常温下的流动应力应变曲线,利用DEFORM-3D软件对T2紫铜微型齿轮正挤压过程进行了数值模拟,分析了晶粒尺寸、摩擦因数、挤压速度、入模角和挤压比等工艺参数对凸模单位挤压力和材料等效应力应变分布的影响,研究讨论了各参数对微齿轮正挤压成形过程的影响规律。根据模拟结果选取了最优参数组合并在此参数组合下进行了微齿轮挤压模拟试验。结果显示:在该参数组合下(晶粒尺寸为50μm,摩擦因数为0,挤压速度为0.1 mm/s,入模角为30°,挤压比为2.25)凸模稳态挤压力小于其他各组,各特征点最大等效应变、等效应力均较小,材料流动均匀性更好,从而验证了之前模拟结果与分析的正确性。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.