基于虚拟样机与二型模糊系统的机车粘着控制

为了抑制轮对空转,并使轮轨间的粘着处于极限状态,需要开发基于虚拟样机和现代控制理论的机车粘着控制技术。组建了包括电力机车多刚体动力学模型、电力牵引传动系统和控制系统的仿真平台。针对电力机车牵引系统的强非线性和不确定性,引入二型模糊逻辑以实现机车粘着控制。仿真结果表明,在该仿真平台上能够成功实现基于二型模糊系统的粘着控制,并且能够较好地抑制空转现象,实现优化粘着控制。     

基于模糊路况识别的电力机车粘着控制

在机车牵引控制系统中,是通过粘着控制实现车轴牵引转矩的控制。在传统的粘着控制方法中,由于不同路况下控制参数固定会导致机车牵引力损失过多,为优化轮轨间的粘着利用,提高机车的牵引力,提出了一种模糊路况识别的粘着控制方法,通过观测器观测到的粘着系数以及机车车轴参考速度估算模块计算的蠕滑速度模糊识别机车的运行路况,根据不同路况调整相应的空转判别参数以及牵引转矩输出函数。建立电力机车模型来验证方法的有效性,仿真结果表明,改进的粘着控制方法减少了牵引力的损失,提高了粘着利用效率,为电力机车的牵引运行提供更高的牵引力。     

机车粘着控制多学科仿真平台研究与实现

随着我国铁路运输的不断发展,机车的牵引力也不断增加.如何有效地增加机车牵引力,预防和控制打滑控制现象是粘着控制研究的重点.传统的粘着控制基于简化的二自由度机车数学模型,不能准确的表征复杂的机车模型.利用多体动力学仿真软件Simpack搭建机车模型,配合Madab/Simulink软件搭建的机车电机传动控制模型,利用Mathworks公司的基于模型设计方法,在传统仿真模型中加入DSP控制器,构建跨多学科的机车粘着控制仿真平台,仿真结果表明,多学科仿真平台能有效的实现机车粘着控制仿真.     

基于改进相位移法电力机车粘着控制

在研究电力机车优化控制的研究中,粘着控制是高速重载机车需要研究的关键问题.针对电力机车粘着控制传统方法在潮湿轨面中粘着利用率低及相位移法添加的正弦相移测相信号引起牵引转矩的波动,对电机产生不良影响等问题.为解决上述问题,设计了采用组合校正法及相位法相结合的粘着控制方法.在simulink中搭建机车动力学模型,应用改进后相位移粘着控制方法,仿真结果表明,新的粘着控制方法具有相位移粘着控制高粘着利用率优点,同时减小转矩波动对电机的不良影响时间,为机车粘着优化控制提供了参考.     

基于轨面辨识的电力机车粘着控制仿真研究

针对避免因轨面粘着条件变化而造成车轮空转,提出了基于模糊理论的轨面辨识控制方法,将实时蠕滑速度和全维状态观测器实时估计,并利用粘着系数通过模糊逻辑推理判断的当前轨面与标准轨面的相似度,快速、准确地辨识出当前轨面的粘着峰值点.最后通过对牵引电机的输出转矩动态调整,以实现充分利用当前轨面轮轨间接触力的目的.在MATLAB/Simulink中建立四轴电力机车模型进行仿真研究.仿真结果表明:基于模糊理论的轨面辨识粘着控制方法有效的防止了车轮空转,提高了列车运行的稳定性和铁路运输效率.     

电力机车粘着控制技术的相关问题及其研究现状

电力机车的牵引力和制动力的形成依赖于轮轨间的粘着,粘着性能的优劣决定于粘着控制系统的设计。随着我国高速铁路建设规模的扩大和运载负荷的增加,提高机车粘着控制的性能更加重要。本文主要介绍了粘着系统的基本理论和当前电力机车粘着控制方法的研究现状,详细介绍了三种典型的粘着控制方法并分析了其利弊,最后对粘着控制方法的发展进行了展望。指出粘着控制的发展在于改进和有效组合现有控制方法并发展智能方法。     

快速小波算法在机车信号检测中的应用

在我国机车控制信号中大量采用移频键控信号（FSK）来传送各种机车速度控制信息。因此,快速准确地检测FSK信号对机车快速安全运行有着十分重要的现实意义。小波分析是分析非稳定信号的一种非常有效的方法,而Mallat快速小波算法使得小波分析的实际应用成为可能。首先研究了机车FSK信号的特征,提出了基于Mallat和FFT相结合的FSK信号实时处理方法,该方法在TMS320C5409组成的信号处理系统上仿真实现。给出了实际采集信号的处理结果,结果表明该方法是实时处理机车信号的一种有效方法。     

动态多子群QPSO算法及其在机车粘着优化控制中的应用

针对列车重载和高速运行时轮轨间粘着存在极限状态以及此时最优粘着利用能否获得的问题,利用所提出的动态多子群QPSO算法训练神经网络,并基于训练好的神经网络设计了机车粘着智能优化控制器,通过对电机转矩的动态调整,实现了轮轨间粘着的最优利用.仿真研究中,利用典型测试函数对所提出的动态多子群QPSO算法进行性能测试,证明该算法具有相对较高的寻优精度和效率,能有效提高神经网络的收敛速度和学习能力,将该算法应用于机车粘着优化控制中,得到了良好的控制效果.     

城市轨道交通列车空转检测与校正方法研究

城市轨道交通列车牵引过程中由于诸多原因可能发生列车车轮空转的现象,空转会引起速度测量误差,可以导致轮轨擦伤甚至是脱轨事故的发生;文中提出速度差判别法对列车的空转进行检测,并研究列车速度及走行距离校正模型,由于列车牵引过程目标速度低,为了快速平稳地实现目标速度的跟踪和空转的补偿,进而设计模糊控制系统对列车的速度进行控制;在Simulink环境下搭建模型并进行仿真,仿真结果表明,该模糊控制系统补偿空转的同时实现了给定列车速度的跟踪。     

基于Nios Ⅱ的机车速度信号处理片上系统设计

介绍频率等精度测量原理,并应用于基于Nios Ⅱ的机车速度信号等精度采集与防滑、防空转控制片上系统的设计中.试验证明,完全满足机车双闭环调速控制系统对速度反馈信号的要求,同时在此基础上实现的机车防(滑)空转保护控制,实际应用效果良好.     

Synergetic control of asynchronous electric traction drives of locomotives

The problem of synthesis of the control system of locomotive asynchronous electric traction drives with regard to processes in the wheel-rail contact. In this system, the wheels can slip relative to the rail, and the excessive slippage has a negative effect on the locomotive traction properties and increases the wear of the wheel pair and rail surface. Modern techniques of solving this problem are based on the forced increase of the coefficient of traction in the wheel-rail contact and on tracking the acceleration of the wage wheels rotation rate as the wheel slip development is evaluated. A new approach to the synthesis of locomotive traction controllers is proposed that is based on the theory of synergetic control. The proposed traction controller ensures a prescribed slip rate of the wage wheels relative to the rail thus ensuring the maximum traction; furthermore, this controller minimizes the loss of energy in the power unit of the electric traction drive.     

Practical active traction control for independent-wheel-drive electric vehicle based on slip-ratio threshold determination

The traditional traction control system (TCS) based on hydraulic braking only works when the wheels are slipping, which will cause the problem of slow response to extreme slip. In addition, the TCS of four-wheel-independent-drive electric vehicle (4WIDEV) is often based on road adhesion characteristics identification or optimal slip ratio identification to implement active control, which is difficult to achieve in engineering. Aiming at this problem, a practical active TCS is proposed in this paper. Firstly, according to the wheel slip state of the front and rear axles, the dynamic transfer of torque between axles is realized to maintain the vehicle propulsion power. Second, the adhesion conditions between road and tire are classified, and two sets of target slip ratio thresholds are formulated for high and low adhesion pavement, respectively. Then the current road adhesion coefficient is estimated by using the advantage that the in-wheel motor torque can be obtained in real-time. Thirdly, the overall framework of the control strategy is established, the logic threshold control algorithm is adopted for tracking the wheel target slip ratio. Finally, the simulation results show that the proposed active TCS can improve the vehicle power and avoid excessive wheel slipping.     

电动汽车TCS滑模控制器设计

针对电动汽车在冰雪低附着极端工况极易出现的驱动轮过度滑转问题,以电动汽车驱动电机转矩为控制变量,设计了一种电动汽车驱动防滑防牵引力控制系统(Traction control system,TCS)滑模控制器,控制器通过调节驱动电机转矩,将滑转率控制在目标值附近,使汽车持续获得最大路面附着,防止车轮过度滑转,对应用滑模控制出现的抖振问题,设计了一种改进的指数型趋近律,用以削弱系统抖振。仿真结果表明,设计的TCS滑模控制器通过控制驱动电机转矩能将汽车的滑转率控制在目标值附近,使得汽车持续获得最大的路面附着,充分抑制汽车打滑,提高了汽车行驶稳定性,在整个控制过程中驱动电机转矩和状态变量收敛快速且十分平滑,抖振削弱效果良好。     

Development of a Tracked Climbing Robot

This paper describes a climbing robot, using chain-track as the locomotive mechanism and suction cups as the adhesion method. The main structure, sensors, and the vision-based motion control system of the robot are described in the paper. The robot can turn in a limited range by adjusting the steering wheel and twisting the chain. The turning gait is discussed and relations between turning angles of the chain node, the front wheel, and the frame of the robot are formulated. Forces applied to the robot are analyzed in order to obtain a safety condition that prevents the robot from slipping and falling. An experiment is conducted to measure the safety factor of suction cups and determine the payload capacity of the robot.     

Evaluation of antilock braking system with an integrated model of full vehicle system dynamics

Antilock braking system (ABS), traction control system, etc. are used in modern automobiles for enhanced safety and reliability. Autonomous ABS system can take over the traction control of the vehicle either completely or partially. An antilock braking system using an on–off control strategy to maintain the wheel slip within a predefined range is studied here. The controller design needs integration with the vehicle dynamics model. A single wheel or a bicycle vehicle model considers only constant normal loading on the wheels. On the other hand, a four wheel vehicle model that accounts for dynamic normal loading on the wheels and generates correct lateral forces is suitable for reliable brake system design. This paper describes an integrated vehicle braking system dynamics and control modeling procedure for a four wheel vehicle. The vehicle system comprises several energy domains. The interdisciplinary modeling technique called bond graph is used to integrate models in different energy domains and control systems. The bond graph model of the integrated vehicle dynamic system is developed in a modular and hierarchical modeling environment and is simulated to evaluate the performance of the ABS system under various operating conditions.     

Evaluation of antilock braking system with an integrated model of full vehicle system dynamics

Antilock braking system (ABS), traction control system, etc. are used in modern automobiles for enhanced safety and reliability. Autonomous ABS system can take over the traction control of the vehicle either completely or partially. An antilock braking system using an on–off control strategy to maintain the wheel slip within a predefined range is studied here. The controller design needs integration with the vehicle dynamics model. A single wheel or a bicycle vehicle model considers only constant normal loading on the wheels. On the other hand, a four wheel vehicle model that accounts for dynamic normal loading on the wheels and generates correct lateral forces is suitable for reliable brake system design. This paper describes an integrated vehicle braking system dynamics and control modeling procedure for a four wheel vehicle. The vehicle system comprises several energy domains. The interdisciplinary modeling technique called bond graph is used to integrate models in different energy domains and control systems. The bond graph model of the integrated vehicle dynamic system is developed in a modular and hierarchical modeling environment and is simulated to evaluate the performance of the ABS system under various operating conditions.     

基于CAN总线的列车无线同步控制系统设计

铁路运输是国民经济的大动脉,为了实现多机牵引,提高列车的货运能力,采用无线通信技术和CAN控制器局域网络技术设计了一套针对SS3B型电力机车的多机牵引无线同步控制系统.试验表明,系统样机运行稳定,实现了多台电力机车的无线重联同步控制目标,为实现国产化万吨级重载技术做了铺垫性研究.     

一维云模型控制器在轮式机器人中的应用

云模型控制理论是智能控制学科的新兴领域,该理论从提出至今,主要以理论研究和仿真实验为主.针对云模型理论的研究现状,提出了基于单片机的一维云模型控制器的设计方法,应用该方法设计的云模型控制器成功地对轮式机器人进行了实时定位控制.实验结果表明,一维云模型控制器可以保证轮式机器人定位系统具有良好的控制性能和较强的干扰性,证明了该设计的有效性和科学性,为今后云模型控制器设计提供了一定的参考.