基于局部Zernike矩的RST不变零水印算法

旋转、缩放和平移(RST)等几何攻击能够破坏水印检测的同步性,使得水印检测失败。针对此问题,提出了一种基于图像局部Zernike矩的RST不变零水印算法。Zernike矩的幅度具有旋转不变性,再结合图像归一化,使其具有缩放和平移不变性。由于Zernike矩的图像重构效果不理想且重构过程中复杂度高,因此水印嵌入选择零水印方案。实验结果表明,该算法对旋转、缩放和平移(RST)的攻击具有很好的鲁棒性,同时对JPEG压缩、加噪、滤波等常见的图像处理操作也具有很好的鲁棒性。     

一种新的基于伪Zernike矩的图像盲水印算法

抵抗几何攻击的鲁棒性是目前数字水印技术中的热点也是难点。提出一种新的基于伪Zernike矩的图像盲水印算法,首先计算图像归一化后的伪Zernike矩,然后选取部分合适的矩通过量化调制嵌入水印信息。水印提取时,利用伪Zernike矩的相位信息估计旋转角度进行几何校正,以提高矩的几何不变性。实验结果表明,本算法对于抗几何攻击尤其是旋转攻击具有很好的鲁棒性,同时也能抵抗常规的信号处理攻击。     

抗几何攻击图像水印研究

研究图像数字水印安全问题.抵抗几何攻击一直是水印算法研究的难点和重点,在图像版权保护过程的研究,针对旋转、缩放和平移等几何攻击能够破坏水印检测的同步性,容易使常规水印算法检测不稳定的问题,利用图像伪Zernike矩的幅度具有旋转不变的性质,提出了一种可有效抵抗几何攻击的数字图像水印新方法.利用图像归一化技术将原始载体映射到几何不变空间内,以消除缩放、平移之影响,然后结合伪Zernike矩的旋转不变特性,计算出归一化图像的伪Zernike矩.最后选取部分低阶伪Zernike矩,并采纳量化调制策略将水印信息嵌入到伪Zernike矩幅值中.仿真结果表明,数字图像水印算法不仅具有良好的透明性,而且具有较强的抗攻击能力,为设计提供了可靠依据.     

基于四元数Zernike矩的RST不变彩色图像水印

提出一种基于四元数Zernike矩( QZM)的RST( Rotation, Scale, Translation)不变彩色图像水印方案,利用缩放平移归一化后的QZM模值具有旋转、缩放和平移不变性,采用抖动量化调制的方法在QZM模值中嵌入水印信息。该水印算法可以把水印嵌入所带来的误差扩散到红、绿、蓝3幅分量图像中,实验表明该算法在具有良好的不可感知性的同时对旋转、缩放和平移等几何攻击具有较好的鲁棒性。     

基于Zernike矩和NSCT-SVD的数字水印算法研究

以非下采样Contourlet变换、奇异值分解以及Zernike 矩知识为基础,结合图像不变质心在几何攻击前后相对位置不变的特性和Zernike 矩对旋转、缩放攻击的不变性以及对噪声不敏感的特性,提出了一种利用 Zernike 矩对图像几何校正的 NSCT-SVD几何鲁棒盲水印算法。该方案中宿主图像通过非下采样 Contourlet变换分解提取出低频区域,通过量化每块奇异值矩阵的欧氏范数来嵌入水印。水印检测时,先利用Zernike 矩和不变质心等几何参数对被检测图像进行几何攻击校正,恢复水印的同步信息后再提取水印。实验结果表明,该算法对噪声、滤波、压缩以及各类几何攻击具有较好的鲁棒性。     

基于修改的Zernike矩的抗几何攻击的数字水印方法

利用图像Zernike矩的幅度具有旋转不变的性质,提出了一种抗几何攻击的图像盲水印算法.算法首先对载体图像进行分块,计算子图像的Zernike矩后将其进行正则化,对正则化后的Zernike矩进行筛选,根据水印信息对选中的Zernike矩进行修改,并对差矢量进行Zernike矩重构,通过将重构的图像在空域迭加到原始子图像中实现水印的嵌入.该算法在抽取水印时不需要原始载体图像和原始水印.实验结果表明,该算法能够抵抗旋转、缩放攻击、裁剪攻击、JPEG压缩、噪声、滤波等常规攻击.     

基于小波矩的抗几何攻击数字图像水印算法研究

针对旋转、缩放和平移等几何攻击破坏水印检测同步,从而导致水印检测失败等问题,利用归一化图像的缩放、平移不变性及小波矩的旋转不变特性,结合奇偶量化技术,提出了一种有效抵抗几何攻击的数字图像水印新算法。首先利用图像归一化技术将原始载体映射到几何不变空间内;然后计算归一化图像的小波矩,并选取部分稳定的低阶小波矩用于水印嵌入;最后利用奇偶量化方法将水印信息嵌入到所选小波矩的不变量内。仿真实验结果表明,该图像水印方案不仅具有良好的透明性,而且具有较强的抵抗常规信号处理、几何攻击、联合攻击等能力。     

基于分块SVD和Zernike矩的鲁棒图像水印

图像水印的抗几何攻击能力仍是目前数字水印研究中尚未很好解决的问题.本文引入Zernike矩,提出了基于分块SVD和Zernike矩的鲁棒图像水印算法.对原始图像进行预处理得到一标准图像,然后进行分块SVD.将置乱后的水印信号逐比特自适应地量化嵌入到各子块的最大奇异值中.水印的提取是水印嵌入的逆过程.采用Zernike矩估计旋转角度并旋回,以提高水印检测性能.实验结果表明,本文提出的算法的图像保真度较好,并且对缩放、旋转、剪切等几何攻击有较强的鲁棒性.     

一种基于Krawtchouk矩的水印算法

提出一种基于Krawtchouk矩的水印算法,通过修改一些原始Krawtchouk矩并重构图像以获得水印图像.基于Krawtchouk矩与几何矩的关系,提出采用具有平移、比例缩放和旋转不变性的几何不变矩来检测水印.实验表明,与用Krawtchouk不变矩检测相比,该算法对于大角度旋转和图像平移的几何攻击具有更好的鲁棒性.     

基于几何不变性的图像水印

数字水印是信息隐藏技术的一个重要方向,它在版权保护和认证等方面应用的非常广泛。正因为此,水印对攻击具有鲁棒性是很重要的。本文首先介绍水印技术现状及其安全方面的一些研究,然后详细研究图像水印中的几何不变性水印。并着重研究基于不变矩的不变水印以及图像归一化技术。其中,本文所针对的对水印的攻击是几何攻击,包括缩放、翻转和旋转等基本的几何操作。     

基于图像Tchebichef矩抗几何攻击的零水印算法

由于目前基于图像矩技术的水印算法水印容量小,算法复杂,鲁棒性有待提高,提出一种新颖的抗几何攻击的零水印算法。该算法以图像归一化技术和Tchebichef矩系数的特点为基础,首先计算原始图像单位圆内旋转归一化的Tchebichef矩,将Tchebichef矩的左上角部分扫描成数值矩阵;然后根据数值矩阵和水印图像生成二进制密钥并保存到零水印信息库。证明版权时待检测图像也按相同的流程处理,利用密钥和生成的数字矩阵提取待检测图像的水印。实验结果表明,该算法对任意角度的旋转、缩放和常规信号处理及其组合攻击具有很强的鲁棒性。     

Translation invariants of Zernike moments

Moment functions defined using a polar coordinate representation of the image space, such as radial moments and Zernike moments, are used in several recognition tasks requiring rotation invariance. However, this coordinate representation does not easily yield translation invariant functions, which are also widely sought after in pattern recognition applications. This paper presents a mathematical framework for the derivation of translation invariants of radial moments defined in polar form. Using a direct application of this framework, translation invariant functions of Zernike moments are derived algebraically from the corresponding central moments. Both derived functions are developed for non-symmetrical as well as symmetrical images. They mitigate the zero-value obtained for odd-order moments of the symmetrical images. Vision applications generally resort to image normalization to achieve translation invariance. The proposed method eliminates this requirement by providing a translation invariance property in a Zernike feature set. The performance of the derived invariant sets is experimentally confirmed using a set of binary Latin and English characters.     

Invariant image recognition by Zernike moments

The problem of rotation-, scale-, and translation-invariant recognition of images is discussed. A set of rotation-invariant features are introduced. They are the magnitudes of a set of orthogonal complex moments of the image known as Zernike moments. Scale and translation invariance are obtained by first normalizing the image with respect to these parameters using its regular geometrical moments. A systematic reconstruction-based method for deciding the highest-order Zernike moments required in a classification problem is developed. The quality of the reconstructed image is examined through its comparison to the original one. The orthogonality property of the Zernike moments, which simplifies the process of image reconstruction, make the suggest feature selection approach practical. Features of each order can also be weighted according to their contribution to the reconstruction process. The superiority of Zernike moment features over regular moments and moment invariants was experimentally verified     

Color Image Zero-Watermarking Using Accurate Quaternion Generalized Orthogonal Fourier–Mellin Moments

In recent years, digital image zero-watermarking algorithm has made great progress. But there are still some problems. First, most algorithms only focus on robustness and ignore discrimination. Second, most methods have good robustness against conventional signal attacks but poor robustness against geometric attacks. Thirdly, most of the existing zero-watermarking algorithms only focus on gray-scale images, and there are relatively few researches on color images. In order to cope with these issues, this paper introduces a novel color image zero-watermarking scheme using accurate quaternion generalized orthogonal Fourier–Mellin moments (AQGOFMMs). In the first stage of the proposed method, accurate computation of generalized orthogonal Fourier–Mellin moments (GOFMMs) based on the polar pixel tiling scheme. In the next stage, the high-precision GOFMMs are extended to the accurate quaternion GOFMMs (AQGOFMMs). Finally, the immutable set of features is extracted to construct a zero-watermark. It is worth mentioning that, different from the traditional way of constructing watermark with the amplitude of moments, this algorithm uses the full 4-D features of AQGOFMMs to construct watermark. The experiment proved that proposed zero-watermarking scheme gives a good balance between discriminability and robustness. Furthermore, the proposed algorithm achieves better performance than the other existing zero-watermarking.

     

基于Fourier-Mellion变换抗仿射变换水印算法

现有的数字水印技术大多难以抵抗几何变换类攻击,如旋转、平移和尺度变换等,特别是仿射变换（旋转、平移和尺度变换混合的多种攻击）,其中一个最主要的原因是：几何变换虽然并未去除图像中的水印信息,但却使水印的检测与嵌入之间失去同步,从而导致水印检测的失效。针对以上原因提出了一种基于图像矩和傅里叶梅林变换抗仿射不变性水印算法。对于平移造成的几何攻击,在水印检测之前利用原始图像的几何矩估计水印图像所经过的几何变换,根据估计的参数对水印图像进行相应的校正和水印检测。对于旋转和尺度变换造成几何攻击,通过对数极坐标系能将笛卡尔坐标系中的旋转和缩放变换为平移的性质,结合Fourier变换来抵抗旋转和缩放攻击。实验结果证明,该方法可以获得良好的图像视觉效果,同时对于几何攻击具有很好的鲁棒性。     

On image reconstruction,numerical stability,and invariance of orthogonal radial moments and radial harmonic transforms

Various radial moments viz. Zernike moments, pseudo Zernike moments, orthogonal Fourier Mellin moments, radial harmonic Fourier moments, Chebyshev-Fourier moments and polar harmonic transforms such as polar complex exponential transforms, polar cosine transforms and polar sine transforms satisfy orthogonal principle. By virtue of which these moments and transforms possess minimum information redundancy and thereby exhibit a good characteristic of image representation. In this paper, a complete comparative analysis is performed by considering image reconstruction capability of each individual moment and transform. The orthogonal properties of above mentioned moments along with the causes of their, reconstruction error, numerical stability and invariance are described.     

On invariance analysis of Zernike moments in the presence of rotation with crop and loose modes

Zernike moments are widely applied in digital image processing fields based on many desirable properties, such as rotational invariance, noise robust and efficient representation of pattern. On the computational analysis of Zernike moment is challenging issue. From an algorithmic aspect, in this paper we investigate the effect of image rotation (including crop rotation and loose rotation) operations on Zernike moments in both theoretical and experimental ways. For the crop rotation, we suggest to extract the Zernike moments by mapping the image over a disc instead of inside a circle since the outside of an image after the crop rotation will be distorted. Referring to the loose rotation, we propose a preprocessing step (which is called image size normalization) to embed an image and its rotated versions into a predefined size of zero-value image in such a way that the effect of image size change due to loose rotation can be eliminated. By incorporating the proposed image size normalization operation, we introduce an effective extraction method of image Zernike moments against loose rotation operation. Experimental results show the validity of the proposed extraction method.