Large Bubble Sizes and Rise Velocities in a Bubble Column Slurry Reactor

The results are reported of an experimental study of the gas holdup, ?_G, large bubble diameter, d_Lb, and large bubble rise velocity, V_Lb, in a 0.1 m wide, 0.02 m deep and 0.95 m high rectangular slurry bubble column operated at ambient temperature and pressure conditions. The superficial gas velocity U was varied in the range of 0–0.2 m/s, spanning both the homogeneous and heterogeneous flow regimes. Air was used as the gas phase. The liquid phase used was C₉‐C₁₁ paraffin oil containing varying volume fractions (?_S = 0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20 and 0.25) of porous catalyst (alumina catalyst support, 10 % < 10 μm; 50 % < 16 μm; 90 % < 39 μm). With increasing slurry concentrations, ?_G is significantly reduced due to enhanced bubble coalescence and for high slurry concentrations the “small” bubbles are significantly reduced in number. By the use of video imaging techniques, it was shown that the large bubble diameter is practically independent of the gas velocity for ?_S > 0.05 and U > 0.1 m/s. The measured large bubble rise velocity V_Lb agrees with the predictions of a modified Davis‐Taylor relationship.     

Prediction of Fluid Velocity Distribution near a Rising Bubble

A model is presented for predicting the fluid velocity distribution around a rising bubble which starts from rest on a distillation column tray by considering the unsteady fluid flow based on the method of stream function. Experimental measurement of the velocity distribution by using whole field digitized PIV (particle image velocimetry) method is briefly described. The velocity distribution predicted by the present model is in better agreement with the measurements than the others models published in literature.     

气液鼓泡塔内液体速度分布的测定

鼓泡塔作为一种常见的多相反应器,其中液体速度分布的研究一直是热点。本次实验选用用鼓泡塔高约5.5m,塔径0.5m。利用Pavlov管技术,在不同的操作条件下,我们对于塔不同截面处的液体速度分布进行了测定。实验表明,塔内液速分布呈半抛物线状。在无因次径向位置0.6-0.8左右处,液体速度方向发生改变。而影响转折点位置的主要因素是气相表观速度。     

上升气泡附近液体速度分布的预测

A model is presented for predicting the fluid velocity distribution around a rising bubble which staxts from rest on a distillation column tray by considering the unsteady fluid flow based on the method of stream function. Experimental measurement of the velocity distribution by using whole field digitized PIV (paxticle image velocimetry) method is briefly described. The velocity distribution predicted by the present model is in better agreement with the measurements than the others models published in literature.     

Bubble Behavior of a Large‐Scale Bubble Column with Elevated Pressure

Gas holdups and the rising velocity of large and small bubbles are measured using the dynamic gas disengagement approach in a pressured bubble column of 0.3 m in diameter and 6.6 m in height. The effects of superficial gas velocity, liquid surface tension, liquid viscosity, and system pressure on the gas holdups and the rising velocity of small and large bubbles are investigated. The holdup of large bubbles and the rising velocity of small bubbles increase with increasing liquid viscosity and liquid surface tension. Meanwhile, the holdup of small bubbles and the rising velocity of a swarm of large bubbles decrease. Moreover, the holdup of large bubbles and the rising velocity of a swarm of small bubbles decrease with increasing system pressure. A correlation for the holdup of small bubbles is obtained from experimental data.     

浆态床鼓泡反应器(SBCR)的研究进展

文章综述了浆态床鼓泡反应器的研究进展。主要介绍了浆态床鼓泡反应器中流型、相含率、气泡动力学等流体力学特性以及操作条件对流体力学特性的影响,并对浆态床鼓泡反应器的发展提出展望。     

费托合成浆态床速度分布和浓度分布的模拟及其影响规律

提出了浆态床速度分布的一维流体力学模型和合成气液相浓度分布的二维扩散模型,用于描述浆态床液相返混对费托合成反应的影响。模型计算结果与示范工厂数据符合良好。计算表明,液相返混状态对合成气转化率有显著影响。利用模型考察了空塔气速对合成气转化率和空时产率的影响规律,随气速增加,合成气转化率单调下降,空时产率先增大后缓慢降低;塔径放大后,中心液速和液相循环流率都增大,浆料返混加剧,费托合成反应转化率降低。     

浆态床反应器内固体轴向悬浮特征的实验研究

实验研究了浆态床内固体的轴向悬浮特征。为了实现气体均布和优化固体悬浮效果,在浆态床内设置辐射式锐孔气体分布器和内部构件。实验以空气-水-玻璃微珠系统为研究对象,考察了初始固体质量含率(固含率)为0～30%,表观气速1～25 cm/s,液体循环量0～230 L/h对固体浓度均布的影响。从固体轴向分布的均匀性分别比较辐射式锐孔气体分布器和1 mm多孔板气体分布器的性能以及有/无内部构件的性能。结果表明,高表观气速下,辐射式锐孔气体分布器明显优于1 mm多孔板,内部构件明显优于无内部构件。由实验结果得知,该反应器适用于操作气速大于等于10 cm/s,最佳循环量为80～150 L/h,临界悬浮气速为10～12 cm/s,催化剂装填量的增加对临界悬浮气速影响不大。     

Gas Holdup and Volumetric Mass Transfer Coefficient in a Slurry Bubble Column

The gas holdup, ?, and volumetric mass transfer coefficient, k_La, were measured in a 0.051 m diameter glass column with ethanol as the liquid phase and cobalt catalyst as the solid phase in concentrations of 1.0 and 3.8 vol.‐%. The superficial gas velocity U was varied in the range from 0 to 0.11 m/s, spanning both the homogeneous and heterogeneous flow regimes. Experimental results show that increasing catalyst concentration decreases the gas holdup to a significant extent. The volumetric mass transfer coefficient, k_La, closely follows the trend in gas holdup. Above a superficial gas velocity of 0.04 m/s the value of k_La/? was found to be practically independent of slurry concentration and the gas velocity U; the value of this parameter is found to be about 0.45 s^–1. Our studies provide a simple method for the estimation of k_La in industrial‐size bubble column slurry reactors.     

Radial Profiles of Gas Bubble Behavior in a Gas‐Liquid Bubble Column Reactor under Elevated Pressures

The effects of operating conditions on radial variation of gas holdups, bubble swarm rising velocity, and Sauter mean diameter were investigated in a bubble column reactor under elevated pressures using a conductivity probe method. Air served as gas phase and tap water as liquid phase with varying gas velocity and pressure. All three parameters increased constantly with higher superficial gas velocity. Maximum holdup, velocity, and Sauter mean diameter were found at the center of the cross section. Two different cases for Sauter mean diameter distribution were observed. The gas holdups increase continuously with higher system pressure, but decrease for bubble swarm rising velocity and Sauter mean diameter. According to experimental results, an empirical correlation of the gas holdup profiles is presented.     

浆态鼓泡床反应器气液传质特性的研究进展

本文总结了有关浆态鼓泡床反应器气液传质特性的研究成果。详细地阐述了主要影响因素如系统压力、温度、气体表观气速、液体性质,固体浓度及其物性等对传质特性的影响,并对浆态鼓泡床传质模型进行了归纳介绍,最后对反应器未来的研究方向进行了预测。     

Experimental Determination and Modeling of Bubble Size Distributions in Bubble Columns

Using a five point conductivity technique local values of bubble size,bubble velocity and gas fractionhave been experimentally determined in a 288 mmID and 4.3 m high bubble column as a function of axial andradial position for the air/water and CO_2/N_2/aqueous MDEA systems.The experimental results are comparedwith predictions from a fundamental two-fluid model.The implementation of a non-steady lateral drag term inthe two-fluid model has been shown.In addition to improving the physical realism of the model,it is found togive slight improvements in the predictions of the distributions of local bubble size.Predictions of bubble size arefound in reasonable agreement with experimental values in the heterogeous flow regime,whereas they are stil1found to be unreliable at low gas velocities.Local void predictions are found in reasonable agreement with experi-mental values,but deviations occur in the homogeneous flow regime towards the wall.This is attributed to defi-ciencies in the simplified bubble size mode     

对二甲苯鼓泡塔氧化过程的实验研究

以醋酸为溶剂,醋酸钴、醋酸锰为催化剂,溴化物为促进剂,在实验室鼓泡塔式反应器中,进行了对二甲苯(PX)氧化生成对苯二甲酸(TA)的工艺过程的研究,考察了氧化反应温度、压力、催化剂浓度、溶剂比等条件对粗对苯二甲酸(TA)产品中对甲基苯甲酸(p-TA)和对羧基苯甲醛(4-CBA)两种主要杂质含量以及产品粒度的影响。为工业装置对苯二甲酸产品粒度的改善和杂质含量的降低提供基础实验数据。     

外环流浆态床反应器浆液循环速度的研究

浆液循环速度是外环流浆态床反应器研究中一个重要的流体力学参数,对流体的流动行为和相间传质有重要的影响.根据操作条件、体系性质等因素对浆液循环速度的影响规律,关联出了浆液循环速度同主要影响因素的经验关联式。并根据动量衡算原理,建立了预测浆态床顶部气液分离器的局部阻力系数的计算模型,试验值同模型的预测值吻合良好。     

Gas‐Liquid Mass Transfer in a Slurry Bubble Column at High Slurry Concentrations and High Gas Velocities

The volumetric mass transfer coefficient k_La in a 0.1 m‐diameter bubble column was studied for an air‐slurry system. A C₉‐C₁₁ n‐paraffin oil was employed as the liquid phase with fine alumina catalyst carrier particles used as the solid phase. The n‐paraffin oil had properties similar to those of the liquid phase in a commercial Fischer‐Tropsch reactor under reaction conditions. The superficial gas velocity U_G was varied in the range of 0.01 to 0.8 m/s, spanning both the homogeneous and heterogeneous flow regimes. The slurry concentration ?_S ranged from 0 to 0.5. The experimental results obtained show that the gas hold‐up ?_G decreases with an increase in slurry concentration, with this decrease being most significant when ?_S < 0.2. k_La/?_G was found to be practically independent of the superficial gas velocity when U_G > 0.1 m/s is taking on values predominantly between 0.4 and 0.6 s^–1 when ?_S = 0.1 to 0.4, and 0.29 s^–1, when ?_S = 0.5. This study provides a practical means for estimating the volumetric mass transfer coefficient k_La in an industrial‐size bubble column slurry reactor, with a particular focus on the Fischer‐Tropsch process as well as high gas velocities and high slurry concentrations.     

鼓泡浆态床反应器中传质对费托合成的影响

采用建立数学模型的方法在鼓泡浆态床反应器体系中讨论了传质对费托合成反应行为的影响.通过改变传质系数定性探讨了费托合成反应体系传质控制和动力学控制,并给出了其三维示意图.在传质控制区,重点讨论了传质的变化对费托合成反应产物分布的影响.结果表明,在传质控制区,传质增强,产物烯烷比增大,甲烷选择性降低.传质增强,将促进重组分的生成.     

浆料鼓泡塔反应器部分流体力学参数研究综述

本文综述了浆料鼓泡塔反应器的主要流体力学参数－流域,气泡的大小和上升速度,相含率和固定颗粒悬浮的临床气速等－的测定和影响因素。简要介绍了国外采用的汉体力学参数测定方法－动态气体逸出法。     

Simulation of Liquid Velocity Field in a Gas-Liquid Bubble Column

A simplified turbulent model and a modified k-Σ two equation model are proposed todescribe the liquid velocity profiles in a bubble column taking into consideration of the effect of gasdrag force and gas hold-up.In the simplified mode1 the Reynolds equation of motion was adoptedand the turbulent viscosity was calculated from an empirical correlation which was deduced fromour experimental data.The calculated liquid velocity profiles were compared between the proposedmodel and the standard k-Σ two equation model as well as experimental data.The result shows thatthe proposed model simulates and predicts the liquid velocity field most satisfactorily and in goodagreement with the experimental measurement.     

浆态鼓泡床反应器合成乙酸正丁酯工艺的研究

采用浆态鼓泡床反应器,改性阳离子交换树脂作催化剂,正丁醇和冰乙酸为原料,对乙酸正丁酯的合成工艺进行了研究,确定了最佳工艺条件:反应温度为110℃,反应时间75min,原料摩尔比n(正丁醇)∶n(乙酸)=1.2∶1,催化剂用量占乙酸用量的40%,乙酸正丁酯的产率可达到98%以上。