Effect of fortification of defatted soy flour on sensory and rheological properties of wheat bread

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of soy-fortified bread on the sensory and rheological properties. Ground defatted soy flour was blended with wheat flour at 3%, 7% and 12%. The organoleptic characteristics of soy-fortified wheat breads were carried out by taste panel. The effect of this fortification on the rheological properties of the resulting dough was investigated using farinograph and extensograph for quality assessment of the final product. The ash and protein contents of 3% and 7% wheat–soy bread blends increased compared with control. The results revealed that organoleptic characteristics score such as bendability, appearance, flavour and taste, crust texture and overall acceptability properties of bread containing 3% defatted soy flour was highest even though it is not significantly different. Therefore, we conclude that adding 3% or 7% defatted soy flour actually gives as good a loaf of bread as the 100% wheat bread with higher nutritional quality and acceptable consumer attitude with rheological and sensory characteristics.     

中型面粉厂小麦面包粉生产探讨

随着生活水平的日益提高，人们对面包粉的需求不断上升。为适应这一趋势，介绍了国内外小麦面色粉的质量要求；探讨了面包粉的生产工艺，包括面包粉小麦的选择、清理和制粉工艺以及面包粉提取后的处理。     

脂肪酶对面包粉品质的影响研究

通过流变学试验、面包烘焙试验,探讨了国产脂肪酶对面包粉品质的影响。试验表明,与对照组相比较,在添加脂肪酶后,面团的流变学性质、面包品质都得到一定改善。由烘焙试验结果可知,脂肪酶对面包制品的内部组织结构,面包芯柔软度等指标都有较好的改良作用。本试验条件下,添加脂肪酶20ppm为最适添加量。     

Heat Denaturation of Durum Wheat Semolina β-Amylase Effects of Chemical Factors and Pasta Processing Conditions

The susceptibility to heat denaturation of durum wheat β-amylase was studied in aqueous solution at 50 to 65°C. The activation energy of the reaction of denatnration was 439 kJ/mole between 56 and 65°C. Additives were tested to determine their protective effects on enzyme activity (at 65°C) in aqueous solution. Maltose, resulting from degradation of starch by β-amylase, appeared to be the most protective. The β-amylase became more resistant to heat with higher concentrations of maltose, indicating an enzyme-maltose complex which was more stable to heat than the enzyme alone. The same mechanism occurred when durum wheat pasta was processed: maltose produced either during mixing and sheeting or during extrusion protected the enzyme. The degree of protection was proportional to the intensity of mechanical work imparted to the dough.     

玉米粉配比对玉米-小麦混合粉及其馒头品质的影响

采用不同的配比将玉米粉与小麦粉搭配,通过测定玉米-小麦混合粉指标和馒头指标,以研究玉米粉对混合粉及其馒头品质的影响。结果表明:随着玉米粉比例的增加,混合粉的吸水率、稳定时间、粉质指数呈逐渐减小的趋势;最大抗延伸性、拉伸面积、沉降值、湿面筋、面筋指数也逐渐降低;峰值黏度、稀懈值、回升值、降落数值等都有所下降,而糊化温度和弱化度有所上升。玉米粉的使用在一定程度上影响了面团的流变学性能,降低了面筋的品质,但是在比例不超过15%时影响并不十分明显,辅以一定的改良技术,不但可以生产出食用品质优良的馒头,而且可以改善馒头的营养特性。     

小麦粉组分特点和馒头品质关系

馒头是我国传统食品,该文探讨小麦粉蛋白质、淀粉、脂质、酶及各种添加剂等组分对最终馒头品质特征影响;阐述馒头用粉对各种组分含量要求。     

面包专用粉研制与开发

面团流变性试验是评价小麦粉物理品质主要方法,其中,面团稳定性和评价值是最重要指标。品质改良剂(添加剂)对面包粉具有修饰改良作用,当面包粉某些性能尚不够完善时,添加剂能有助于改善其性能从而使之成为合格产品;但面包粉性能和质量主要取决于原料小麦品种、品质及制粉工艺,因此,小麦选择及其加工方式是决定面包粉质量关键。     

燕麦面包制作的工艺研究

燕麦的营养价值较其它谷物高,将燕麦粉和小麦粉配制成不同比例的混合粉,研究几种配方下制作面包的工艺性能。结果表明,当燕麦粉占混合粉的10%时,制作的面包工艺性能最佳。     

Effect of supplementation of wheat flour with resistant starch and monoglycerides in pasta dried at high temperatures

Quality of pastas made from wheat flour (WF) and durum wheat semolina (DWS) with added resistant starch (RS) and distilled monoglyceride was evaluated through a central composite rotational design. A press extruder was used to produce the pasta. Water absorption index showed statistical difference between the WF and DWS indicating that proteins present in each samples were different. Pasta samples obtained with the WF presented a shorter cooking time and less solid loss than those obtained with DWS. Increase in volume and weight gain was similar for both samples. Instrumental texture responses showed that pasta made from DWS had higher values for firmness and springiness and lower for adhesiveness when compare to WF pastas. Nevertheless, pasta made from both samples showed similar behaviours of final RS contents of 4% after cooking. Therefore, they could be considered as a source of fibres according to the Brazilian Laws (3 g dietary fibre/100 g product).     

麸皮粉对面包品质和微结构的影响研究

麸皮是人类重要的膳食纤维素来源。和普通面包相比,全麦面包存在形状、质构,以及口感上的差异,影响消费感受。改善全麦粉面包的口感是提高全麦粉产品消费面临的主要问题。本研究以国产强筋小麦品种生产的面包粉为原料,通过添加不同种类和数量的麸皮粉,借助C-Cell图像分析仪,分析麸皮纤维对面包微结构的影响程度;研究面包形状、内部结构等微结构的变化过程。结果表明,麸皮纤维主要通过降低面包气室厚度、气孔直径、气孔的数量或面积使面包体积缩小、亮度降低,影响面包的感官特性。改善结构和口感是提高全麦面包消费满意度的有效途径。     

制粉过程中各系统面粉流变学特性的研究

在生产面包及饼干专用粉的制粉过程中,粉路各系统不同出粉部位面粉的流变学特性呈现出明显的差异,这为粉流选择性混配提供了条件,使粉路在线配粉成为可能。研究表明,面包专用粉宜选择皮磨、渣磨、中路心磨及一部分前路心磨的面粉,饼干专用粉选择前路皮磨、前路渣磨及一部分心磨的面粉进行混配,由此能够配制出质量稳定的优质专用粉。