50CrVA钢弹簧氢致延迟断裂失效分析

在服役一段时间后发现飞机舱门的50CrVA钢弹簧在螺纹处发生断裂失效,分别对断裂弹簧的断口形貌、显微组织、硬度、氢含量和化学成分进行了测试与分析。结果表明,弹簧发生失效的原因是氢致延迟断裂,断口裂纹源区为沿晶开裂,晶粒表面存在典型氢脆断口的微观形貌特征。调查制造工艺流程发现,该弹簧首次镀镉后镀层存在缺陷,在未除氢的情况下退除镀层并重新电镀,致使基体引入了更多的氢,加上弹簧装配时螺纹处承受了偏斜载荷,促使弹簧在服役过程中加速断裂。对50CrVA弹簧钢进行工艺验证试验,复现了氢致延迟断裂的失效模式。     

螺旋压缩弹簧断裂分析

材料为50CrVA钢的弹簧在疲劳试验时发生批次性断裂,对断裂弹簧的断口进行宏、微观观察和能谱分析,对弹簧的组织进行检查,并测试其硬度,结合弹簧的制造工序,对裂纹的形成原因进行综合分析。结果表明:弹簧的断裂性质为镉致脆性断裂,镉脆发生在除氢工序,裂纹起源于镀镉过程中产生的凹坑处,弹簧镉脆断裂与除氢过程中的超温及喷丸与总检工序中防锈不当而产生的锈蚀有关。通过加强防锈处理及温度控制可以预防弹簧镉脆失效。     

摩托车刹车毂失效分析

运用宏观分析、显微组织检查、断口分析、化学成分与硬度测试等手段对摩托车上的刹车毂进行了失效分析,结果表明摩托车刹车毂断裂是由弹簧最先断裂引起,而硬度过高,表面质量差,是导致该弹簧早期疲劳断裂的主要原因。     

某型导弹发射装置用压气阀断裂分析

某型导弹发射装置用压气阀在进行气密性检验时发生断裂.本文对失效压气阀的外观与化学成分进行了检查,采用扫描电镜对失效件原始断口与人工打开断口的宏微观形貌进行了观察,并对失效件与同批次完好件的金相组织、硬度及氢含量进行了测定与对比分析.结果表明,该压气阀失效机制为氢脆断裂,硬度和氢含量的偏高是造成失效的主要原因.零件在表面处理工序后除氢不彻底造成了零件氢含量偏高.     

50CrVA钢弹簧的断裂分析和解决措施

对出现早期断裂的50CrVA弹簧材料进行金相、断口形貌和硬度分析。结果表明,磨削过程中产生的二次马氏体是弹簧失效断裂的主要原因。含二次马氏体的试样经450℃回火30 min后,可以消除其危害,硬度明显降低,弹簧的疲劳寿命有所提高。     

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 通过断口分析、X射线能谱分析、硬度及金相检验等试验方法,对油门停车限动卡弹簧的断裂进行了综合分析,结果表明：该弹簧断裂失效性质为疲劳断裂;弹簧钢丝冷拉时表面产生的微裂纹缺陷是导致弹簧断裂的根本原因;此次弹簧断裂为一次偶发性个案,不具备批次性问题。     

汽车冲压模具弹簧的失效分析

为了寻找某一汽车零件冲压模具弹簧的失效原因,对弹簧断口部位进行了化学成分、金相组织、硬度、断口SEM扫描等测试。检验的结果表明,失效是由于在高交变应力作用下,弹簧丝在内侧表面附近区域形成了疲劳裂纹源,并最终导致弹簧早期疲劳断裂。     

30CrMnSiA钢螺栓的断裂失效分析

通过显微组织分析、硬度测试、断口形貌及能谱分析、氢含量测试等手段对发动机固定螺栓的断裂失效原因进行了分析。结果表明,当氢含量偏高、硬度偏高、承受较大载荷这三个条件同时具备才导致螺栓发生氢脆断裂。     

城轨机车HXD3B 一系弹簧断裂失效分析

采用化学成分分析、金相分析、硬度测试、X射线衍射法残余应力测试和扫描电镜断口观察等手段,对发生断裂的铁路机车HXD3B一系弹簧断裂失效原因进行分析。结果表明,弹簧的组织出现了明显的混晶现象,弹簧表面出现较为严重的脱碳现象,在工作过程中若承受过大应力时,在夹杂物处产生疲劳裂纹源,最终导致该弹簧早期疲劳断裂失效。     

高强度钢螺栓断裂失效分析

通过外观检查、断口宏微观观察、能谱分析、氢含量测试、硬度检测和金相检验对断裂失效螺栓进行了分析。结果表明,螺栓失效性质为氢致脆性断裂;螺栓断裂主要与抗拉强度和相对的氢含量较高有关。建议改善热处理工艺降低螺栓的抗拉强度,增加除氢时间以降低氢含量。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.