爆炸洞法处理废旧弹药研究

介绍了爆炸洞法处理废旧弹药的技术操作,与野外炸毁法相比,爆炸洞法在处理效果、勤务处理、综合效益等方面具有明显优势,代表了报废弹药炸毁处理的趋势.     

爆炸洞法炸毁破甲弹研究

应用特制的爆炸洞模拟装置,试验探索了爆炸洞法炸毁破甲弹关键技术。认为利用水介质的柔性阻尼效应和悬挂引爆技术可以大大降低金属射流破甲能力,实现破甲弹的成功炸毁。     

爆炸洞法炸毁破甲弹研究

应用特制的爆炸洞模拟装置,试验探索了爆炸洞法炸毁破甲弹关键技术。认为利用水介质的柔性阻尼效应和悬挂引爆技术可以大大降低金属射流破甲能力,实现破甲弹的成功炸毁。     

清罐作业中硫化亚铁自燃的风险分析及管控措施

本文针对近几年炼化企业硫化亚铁自燃导致火灾爆炸事故频频发生的现状，对硫化亚铁的形成、存在形式、自燃机理进行充分的研究。结合车间清罐作业的实际情况，重点对清罐作业过程中如何预防硫化亚铁自燃进行技术分析，从清除可燃物、抑制助燃物、破坏温度条件等方面入手提出可以采取的管控措施，确保清罐作业安全受控。     

便携式爆破雷管包装箱设计研究

针对弹药炸毁作业中爆破雷管使用管理不规范的问题,根据爆破雷管的性能特点,设计了一种结构新颖的便携式雷管包装箱,详细论述了该包装箱的设计要求、结构造型及制作方法,该包装箱的使用对于提高弹药销毁作业的安全性有积极作用.     

贮氧罐高压截止阀爆炸事故的调查与分析

介绍一起贮氧罐高压截止阀爆炸事故的发生、调查和分析经过。其爆炸原因主要为清洗阀件的四氯化碳含油量严重超标,导致化学爆炸,灼伤两人。并针对事故谈了几点教训。图1。     

14万枚手榴弹在特定场地销毁的设计与实施

介绍了在1个只能进行少量炸毁作业的销毁场,采用集中引爆法分批销毁146264枚报废手榴弹(含TNT炸药量总计10238.48kg)的设计。根据工程爆破设计的流程,重点阐述了集中引爆法的药量、装药结构的选择,弹坑设计(大小及位置控制)的原则、依据和要求,以及本次销毁的重点安全防护措施。     

14万枚手榴弹在特定场地销毁的设计与实施

介绍了在1个只能进行少量炸毁作业的销毁场,采用集中引爆法分批销毁146264枚报废手榴弹(含TNT炸药量总计10238.48kg)的设计。根据工程爆破设计的流程,重点阐述了集中引爆法的药量、装药结构的选择,弹坑设计(大小及位置控制)的原则、依据和要求,以及本次销毁的重点安全防护措施。     

铝蜂窝夹芯结构爆炸罐动力响应研究

铝蜂窝芯具有良好的变形能力、优异的力学性能和缓冲吸能效果,在爆炸罐大当量化的应用方面展现出巨大的优势。结合单层爆炸罐试验和仿真计算结果,得出单层罐在爆炸荷载作用下的最薄弱位置,验证了数值模型的可靠性;基于此提出了一种内衬可滑动的钢板-铝蜂窝芯-钢板复合多层爆炸罐的结构设计,建立了复合多层罐的细观模型,并对其在承受爆炸荷载作用时的变形破坏过程进行了数值模拟。研究表明,单层爆炸罐的仿真计算结果与试验值基本吻合,端盖由于三波的汇聚使其承受荷载最大;铝蜂窝芯内衬的变形过程与能量的耗散同时进行,是耗能的主要途径;蜂窝芯内衬使爆炸罐获得了更好的抗爆能力,成功使1 000 g的TNT炸药量下复合罐的S_1测点的应变值小于150 g的TNT单层罐的S_1测点的应变值,该研究可为工程设计提供参考。     

14万枚手榴弹在特定场地销毁的设计与实施

介绍了在1个只能进行少量炸毁作业的销毁场,采用集中引爆法分批销毁146264枚报废手榴弹(含TNT炸药量总计10238.48kg)的设计.根据工程爆破设计的流程,重点阐述了集中引爆法的药量、装药结构的选择,弹坑设计(大小及位置控制)的原则、依据和要求,以及本次销毁的重点安全防护措施.     

工业氧及医用氧中痕量乙炔的检测

生产氧气的空分装置中如果乙炔含量超标,极易引发爆炸,须通过定期检测工业氧或医用氧中的乙炔含量进行预防.经过色谱条件优化,用FID检测器与三氧化二铝毛细柱配合,可检测出氧气中痕量级别的乙炔含量.     

论钛钢复合板覆层钛板特性及对爆炸复合板的影响

本文论述了爆炸钛钢复合板的覆层用钛板的特性和工艺要求,分析了爆炸强化对覆层钛板的影响,并结合爆炸钛钢复合板的生产实践论述了用于爆炸复合的钛板的特点及对生产、检验、使用的影响,指出爆炸复合板用钛板其更低的杂质含量及良好的塑性更适合于生产爆炸复合板,而且耐腐蚀性更优良,其强度也会在爆炸过程得到提高。     

Investigations of the formation of explosive mixtures in dryers for coatings

In the following we will discuss a specific problem of explosion protection in dryers for coatings. It is mainly encountered in chamber dryers as these pose specific problems as regards occupational safety and health. During the drying process of most coatings, solvent vapours are released most of which can form explosive mixtures when a specific concentration, the lower explosion limit, is reached. The European Standard EN1539:2000 requires explosion venting areas for most of these dryers without adequate explosion protection measures such as appropriate limitation of the solvent input being taken into account. Different aspects of the model underlying the calculations are evaluated, and it will be shown that this model is still reliable in most applications. The investigations consisted of three parts. At first there have been made investigations of the operating conditions in different enterprises aimed to get information about specific parameters, problems and failures. Laboratory experiments have been made to investigate in detail the major influencing parameters. Attempts to set up a simple but basic physical model for the experimental data have also been made. Evaporation and diffusion have been examined. The numerical models have been kept as simple as possible to be a potential tool for designers/manufacturers and users.     

一起氧气管道低温态爆破事故

介绍一起氧气管道低温态超压爆破事故，分析了原因，并提出防范措施。     

一起氧气管道低温态爆破事故

介绍一起氧气管道低温态超压爆破事故,分析了原因,并提出防范措施。     

工业炸药有毒气体测试容器的研制

针对测量工业炸药有毒气体含量的爆炸弹筒法无法应用在大药量和常压情况下的难题,通过爆炸相似率和动力系数法进行理论计算及工程设计,研制出了容积15 m³下端为圆柱体,顶端为半球形结构的大型密闭爆炸容器。研制的爆炸容器可以研究工业炸药在常压状态下的爆炸气体产物,并对其有毒气体含量进行分析,解决了爆炸弹筒法由于装药量小且必须在真空状态下引爆炸药的困境。同时通过气密性及抗爆性试验对爆炸测试容器进行了进一步的安全测试,均无异常。设计结果表明该爆炸容器用于工业炸药有毒气体测试安全可靠、功能满足试验要求。研制方法可为同类型爆炸容器的设计提供参考。     

The venting of dust explosions in a dust collector

Pressures generated by dust explosions in a commercial dust collector have been measured. The dust clouds were formed while the collector was operating under normal working conditions, i.e. dusts were dislodged from the filter elements inside the collector by pulsed reversed air jets. The vented explosion pressures measured under these conditions provide a realistic guide to the explosion pressures that the filter may have to withstand in practice. These pressures are low (2 kPa) when the explosion is vented through a vent close to the ignition source. If, however, the vent is remote from the ignition source and flame turbulence is generated, the rate of combustion is increased and the explosion pressures are higher (14 kPa). The vented explosion pressures encountered when the flame becomes turbulent are reasonably well predicted by the K_st nomograph approach. Pressures generated by highly turbulent explosions in a silo-shaped container have also been compared to the K_st homograph predictions. In these experiments, the pressures were always much higher than predicted.     

氧化剂对炸药水中爆炸能量输出结构的影响

为了研究氧化剂对炸药爆炸能量输出结构的影响,采用水中爆炸试验方法研究了高氯酸铵(AP)对炸药水中爆炸冲击波的影响。试验结果表明,在炸药中添加AP,可以调整炸药爆炸能量输出结构,降低炸药水中爆炸冲击波的压力衰减速度,提高炸药水中爆炸冲击波冲量。通过等质量替换试验发现,AP在试验所用的炸药体系中释放的能量高于黑索今(RDX),试验结果可为炸药配方精细化设计及水中兵器毁伤设计提供指导。     

Failure Modes and Manifestations in a Mine Gas Explosion Disaster

In 2009, a serious gas explosion happened in Tunlan coal mine at Shanxi province, P.R. China, which claimed the lives of 78 miners. One hundred and fourteen miners got injured, and nearly 4 million dollars of economic loss was reported. On the surface of it, it seems to be an independent happened accident. However, the formation of a gas explosion is dependent on various conditions and all these conditions must be met at the same time so as to result in such explosion. Hence, the explosion itself is not a single event in time. With considering the gas explosion causing the mine ventilation system failure, there must be a number of related causations existing in the system which play important roles that contribute to the system failure. In other words, explosion can be considered as an evolution resulting from various related other failures in the system. Hence, in this paper, failure modes and their contributions to the explosion are going to be investigated. Based on the requirements of an explosion and its propagation characteristics in the underground roadway network, this paper summarizes all failure modes in the gas explosion accident through the initial formation of explosion to its post effects. Moreover, using the theoretical approach and simulation method, the corresponding contributions are also interpreted. The research efforts show that (1) it should not simply treat the explosion as an independent event. Various linked failure modes can be observed during the analysis. It is a quite interesting and also needed for mining engineers to well understand their formations and effects on the system, which may greatly improve the system design in the future to avoid such accidents and (2) the domino effect is involved in various failure modes. It also provides a solution to stop the accident’s propagation by breaking any chain reactions. The research results presented in this paper can be used as theoretical guidelines for improving the safety considerations of a mine ventilation system design work in the future practices.     

Nonlinear dynamical model of compartment fire flashover

A new dynamical model predicting compartment fire flashover is presented. The development is motivated by apparent deficiencies of available models. Innovative interpretation of flashover in terms of thermal explosion theory is proposed. In contrast to previously developed flashover dynamical models, which can be interpreted in terms of classical thermal explosion, the present model is interpreted as a conjugate thermal explosion. Therefore, the general conjugate thermal explosion concept finds its natural application in compartment fire dynamics. Critical conditions for compartment fire flashover are derived for the present model, and compared to those available from earlier studies.