用于微剂量学研究的无壁正比计数器系统

本文介绍了为模拟荷能重离子在等效生物组织中径迹和能量沉积分布研究而设计，制造的无壁正比计数器和探测系统，并利用放射源＾２３９Ｐｕ的α粒子（能量为５．１５５ＭｅＶ）在５００Ｐａ气压及工作气体为ＣＨ４（１０％）＋Ａｒ（９０％）下，对本探测器系统的分辨率与所加高压关系进行了实验，并就利用此探测器系统研究微剂量学的研究方法进行了讨论。     

用微机控制的母－子穿梭机探测装置

为了研究和甄别短寿命的核素，在近物所的ＨＩＲＦＬ重离子加速器上建立了由微机控制的氦喷技术传递、转轮扑集核反应物并送到穿梭机探测器进行测量的装置。该装置可用于研究重离子核反应产物，其寿命为秒级的核素。     

用微机控制的母—子穿梭机探测装置

为了研究和甄别短寿命的核素，在近物所的ＨＩＲＦＬ重离子加速器上建立了由微机控制的氦喷技术传递、转轮扑集核反应物并送到穿梭机探测器进行测量的装置，该装置可用于研究重离子核反应产物，其寿命为秒级的核素。     

6 空间高能重带电粒子微剂量学基础研究

通过广泛的文献调研，对空间高能重带电粒子辐射场的来源、核素组成、能谱分布及其在近地空间范围的空间分布等进行了调研并获得了相应的资料。建立了高能重离子的微剂量学量随机模拟计算模型，并开发了相应的计算机程序。开展了空间高能重离子探测器的初步设计工作并进行了其响应的理论分析。     

重离子径迹影像探测器研制及初步实验测试

研制了一套基于气体雪崩电离室和CCD(charge-coupled device)影像获取系统的重离子径迹影像探测器。利用239Pu放出的α粒子,对所研制的重离子径迹影像探测器系统进行了初步的实验测试。测试结果显示,所研制的重离子径迹影像探测器系统能够成功地抓拍到α粒子的径迹,其径迹形貌与气体雪崩电离室中工作气体的气压、CCD相机的曝光时间等参数密切相关。对工作气体气压为15 hPa、曝光时间10 s的α粒子径迹影像数据分析表明,径迹分布呈轴对称,径迹宽度沿轴向逐渐减小,径迹影像的像点密度沿轴向逐渐增加。     

原子高离化态研究装置

介绍了原子高离化态研究装置,包括重离子加速器、测量装置、数据获取和处理系统。     

CSR系统终端中子墙光电倍增管时间型分压系统的应用研究

在兰州重离子加速器冷却储存环将要建设的外靶实验终端上，中子墙探测装置是用来开展放射性束物理以及利用放射性束开展非对称核物质性质研究的一个重要的实验设备。本文对应用于该实验装置上的光电倍增管分压系统进行了研究，给出了适合时间性能探测的时间型分压器设计参数以及测试结果。     

重离子辐照装置控制系统准确性

研究了HIRFL上重离子辐照装置控制系统准确性,结果表明实验系统剂量的准确与剂量率有关,在一定的剂量下要选择合适的剂量率可保持控制系统的准确,同时在考虑精确剂量时,应修正实验数据。     

用微机控制的转轮传送装置

为了鉴别与研究短寿命核素，在中国原子能科学研究的ＨＩ－１３串列式静电加速器上建立了转轮送装置，该装置由电磁束挡板，靶轮，捕集轮和法拉第筒组成。整个装置由一单板机控制。该装置可用于寿命短到秒级的重离子反应产物的快速传送。     

兰州重离子研究装置辐射环境安全性评估

描述了兰州重离子研究装置(HIRFL)运行10多年来对其周围中子、γ辐射水平，环境中水、土、植物等介质的总α、总β放射性水平以及屏蔽周围的中子、γ辐射水平和工作人员个人剂量的测量结果，并进行了初步评价。监测结果表明，兰州重离子研究装置的运行没有造成环境的放射性污染，运行是安全的。     

Design and fabrication of a full elastic sub-micron-Newton scale thrust measurement system for plasma micro thrusters

In this work,a force measurement system is proposed to measure the thrust of plasma micro-thruster with thrust magnitude ranging from sub-micro-Newtons to hundreds micro-Newtons.The thrust measurement system uses an elastic torsional pendulum structure with a capacitance sensor to measure the displacement,which can reflect the position change caused by the applied force perpendicular to the pendulum axis.In the open-loop mode,the steady-state thrust or the impulse of the plasma micro-thruster can be obtained from the swing of the pendulum,and in the closed-loop mode the steady-state thrust can be obtained from the feedback force that keeps the pendulum at a specific position.The thrust respond of the system was calibrated using an electrostatic weak force generation device.Experimental results show that the system can measure a thrust range from 0 to 200 μN in both open-loop mode and closed-loop mode with a thrust resolution of 0.1 μN,and the system can response to a pulse bit at the magnitude of 0.1 μN s generated by a micro cathode arc thruster.The background noise of the closed-loop mode is lower than that of the open-loop mode,both less than 0.1 μN//√Hz in the range of 10 mHz to 5 Hz.     

基于FPGA的连续自动测氡仪控制系统设计

介绍了基于FPGA的连续自动测氡仪的测量系统的设计。该系统核心是FPGA控制系统的设计．控制部分主要由预置模块、电子万年历模块和驱动模块等构成;实现了对氡浓度和氡析出率的连续自动测量,信息数据采用LCD显示,超高速微型打印机自动打印最后的测量结果。采用FPGA来设计连续自动测氡仪的测量系统,提高了系统的精度和稳定度。     

Small Gas Leakage Rate Measuring and Monitoring System for Spent Fuel Transport/Storage Cask

A containment function of transport and/or storage casks of radioactive materials is essential to prevent the materials from being released excessively into the environment. It is not practical for containment tests to measure directly the radioactivity release so that gas volumetric leakage rates are usually assessed and gas pressure decrease or increase method is usually applied. As gas flow model for evaluation, the ISO standards has deleted the concept of choked flow which is adopted by ANSI N14.5. Provided that the choked flow is not adopted to the leakage rate evaluation, the criteria of the test should be severer, and a new leakage rate measuring system with high accuracy and reasonable measuring time is required. Transport casks are often inspected in a temporary cask-storage facility where simultaneous measurement of many casks is required. In a storage cask system, multiple casks are monitored on their containment function during a storage period, and the method for simultaneous monitoring at many points for long term is required. In this study, two kinds of small gas leakage rate measuring systems are developed. One is to measure gas leakage rates directly and is called “flow measuring system”, which can measure gas leakage rate of 10^?4 to 10^?2 cm³/s with high accuracy and short measuring time. The other is to measure the pressure decreasing rate and is called “pressure decreasing rate measuring system”, which can monitor the pressure change at many points simultaneously.     

Control System of Neutral Beam Injection on HT-7

Neutral Beam Injection control system (NBICS) is constructed to measure the plasma current, Magnet current, vacuum pressure, cryopump temperature, control water cooling, filament voltage, and power supply， etc. The NBICS, consisting mainly of a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) subsystem, data acquisition and processing subsystem and cryopump and vacuum pressure monitoring subsystem, has successfully been used on a NBI device. In this article, the design of NBICS on HT-7 is discussed and each subsystem is described in particular.In addition, some experimental results are reported which are very important data for further research related to the HT-7 tokamak.     

Measurement of ionization distributions at nanometre level in tissue—equivalent gas

The developed track detector consists of two parts:a small drift region to obtain a good tracking and a relatively large multiplication region for getting an enough high gain at low pressure.All the track detector can be moved in the direction perpendicular to the beam by means of a micrometric screw.An automatic system allows the counting gas to flow continuously at constant pressure through the detector during the measurements.The system can measure ionization distributions at a few nanometer range.     

气溶胶直接进样装置样品引入流量优化及气溶胶损失率研究

由于空气中的氧气会影响电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)的测量,空气直接进样测量会导致待测核素的离子化程度降低,从而使灵敏度大大降低甚至于熄火停机。因此为了实现ICP-MS直接对空气气溶胶样品测量,设计了一套气溶胶直接进样装置以实现空气和工作氩气的交换,保证气溶胶由氩气载带进入ICP-MS进行测量。针对该进样装置进行了置换效率测定与分析,通过与ICP-MS联机测量系统本底结果以及整套测量系统的运行成本分析,选择了最优化的空气样品引入流量为0.8 L/min,氩气引入流量为10 L/min。通过气溶胶损失率研究,证明气溶胶经过该直接进样装置时基本无需考虑气溶胶损失的问题。基于气溶胶直接进样装置的研制和性能测试,实现了ICP-MS直接快速测量场所空气中气溶胶,为后续ICP-MS快速定量测量空气气溶胶中的各种长寿命放射性核素奠定了基础,为场所和流出物中气溶胶的快速连续测量提供了一种新的方法。     

西安脉冲堆脉冲参数测量装置研制

介绍了我国自主研制的第一套商用脉冲反应堆脉冲参数测量装置（西安脉冲堆脉冲参数测量装置）的设计方案、系统组成、工作原理、技术特点和应用情况。该装置是西安脉冲反应堆主控室控制台的主要仪表之一，具有脉冲参数测量和堆保护功能。装置采用微电子和计算机技术，实现了对反应堆脉冲工况下堆功率变化、脉冲波形与多个参数的实时自动测量与显示，并在功率超限时向反应堆保护系统和报警系统发出信号。文中对装置的工作特性做了描述，并对现场调试和运行情况作了简要介绍。     

Displacement Measure Research on EAST Magnet

For the safe operation of Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST) with the higher precise control of plasma, it is important to estimate the displacement of the magnet system. This paper force on the displacement measure method on the EAST magnet system during the device operation. Owing to the complicated constitution and environment of the EAST device, an optical metrology system was built to measure the displacement, and the measure result was also described in the paper.     

A new technique for detection of dynamic crack initiation

A new test device was constructed to measure dynamic fracture toughness using electromagnetic force as a dynamic load and a laser system for the detection of load-line deflection. This method provides several advantages with respect to load control, high strain rate and easy instrumentation of the test device.Using the device, experiments on the dynamic fracture were performed with use of edge-cracked three point bending specimens which were made from the nuclear pressure vessel material A508cl.3.The present paper reports on the characteristic feature of dynamic fracture, the measuring technique of dynamic loading and deflection, the detection of dynamic crack initiation and fractographic observation.The detection of the dynamic crack initiation was made possible by the application of an AC electrical potential method that employs a lock-in amplifier driven by a demodulation mode of signal averager and guarantees a fast response to the crack initiation.It was found that the fracture was initiated after unloading of the electromagnetic force is finished, in other words, the fracture was caused by an inertia force and the dynamic fracture toughness J_Id of the test material was elevated with the increasing loading rate.     

Experimental Verification of Modified Lee’s Model Using a Newly Designed and Constructed Filippov-Type Plasma Focus Device

A new 20 kJ Filippov-type plasma focus device has been designed and constructed in Isfahan University. The paper reports on the design and construction of the Iranian Filippov-type plasma focus device (UIPFF1) using modified Lee’s model. A Rogowski coil has been used to measure the experimental discharge current. Equivalent electric circuit of the device is RLC circuit; therefore the discharge current has a sinusoidal shape which its amplitude decreases exponentially during the time. The current signal contains a set of data from physical processes in the device as well as discharge current characteristics. In a typical discharge experiment these values were obtained: the discharge current was 181 kA, period of current signal 7.9 µs, the total inductance of the device 132 nH and electrical resistance of the circuit 77 mΩ. By averaging from data obtained with a set of five experiments the calibration factor was obtained 121 kA/V. Temporal changes in plasma focus discharge current, confirmed the occurrence of pinch at a specific pressure of argon, neon and nitrogen gases. UIPFF1 has been tested between 15 and 25 kV and wide range of pressure for various gases. Experiments at various pressures and voltages have also confirmed reproducibility and stability of the plasma focus device.