Windows平台下集成COTS软件的一种方法

基于COTS(CommercialOff-The-Shelf)的软件开发是一种新的软件开发方法,这种方法强调通过集成COTS软件来开发新的软件系统。该文针对没有提供接口的COTS软件,提出了通过包装器来使用它的方法,由包装器来为COTS软件提供接口和屏蔽不需要的功能,外界通过使用包装器接口实现对COTS软件的使用。根据这一思想,该文提出了一种抽象的包装器模型,并给出了这种包装器模型接口的具体设计方法和实现方法,还制作了帮助实现包装器接口的一些COM组件。这种包装器模型可以把COTS软件包装成COM组件、CORBA组件以及JavaBeans组件。     

COTS软件系统开发的研究*

基于COTS的软件开发方法日益受到重视。分析了用COTS组件来构建软件系统的优点和缺点,提出了这种软件系统开发方法需要解决的关键问题,并对COTS软件系统的体系结构及其各个部分进行详细剖析和研究,说明如何组织COTS组件来开发COTS软件系统。     

基于复用的.NET组件接口模型的研究

有较高封装性的组件是软件复用研究的重点。为了满足我们设计和定义的多种组件模型,首先介绍了支持软件复用的、支持设计和实现统一的、多种类型的.NET组件接口模型定义;接着介绍了各种类型接口的实现方式,包括类设计器和控件工具箱等;详细分析了采用多种组件接口模型的意义。     

基于模型的软件接口故障注入测试平台技术

针对软件接口类型多、接口故障注入自动控制复杂的困难以及目前缺少有效的软件接口故障注入工具现状,对软件故障注入中的交联接口故障注入技术展开研究,提出了一种基于模型的软件接口故障注入测试平台技术。通过交联接口测试可视化建模和接口故障注入算子设计,自动生成XML 格式的测试用例,并且通过基于XSLT的脚本自动化生成与执行技术实现测试的控制与执行。故障注入测试主机与接口故障注入器网络连接,接口故障注入器将接口故障数据转换成以太网、串口或CAN网络数据注入到被测软件中,并返回被测件输出数据到测试主机实现测试数据收集与判断。基于模型的软件接口故障注入测试平台具有较强的通用性与易用性,提高了接口故障注入测试的效率,降低了接口测试的成本。     

一种基于运行时交互约束的COTS构件集成测试用例生成方法

COTS(Commercial Off-The-Shelf)构件的源代码不可得,而且规约通常缺少交互语义信息,使得集成了COTS的构件软件系统无法采用基于源代码和基于规约的集成测试用例生成方法.提出基于运行时交互约束的COTS构件集成测试用例生成方法.方法在构件软件系统的初始功能测试用例执行过程中,获取COTS构件在系统上下文环境中的运行时接口交互约束信息,建立COTS构件与系统中其它构件的交互约束模型,根据建立的构件交互约束模型生成集成测试用例.当替换、更新集成的COTS构件时,采用生成的集成测试用例验证重新集成的COTS构件与系统其它构件交互的正确性.实现方法的自动化工具原型,并采用真实的系统实例对生成的测试用例的有效性进行了初步评估.     

成本约束下的最优质量现货软件产品选择模型

在软件开发中采用现货软件产品COTS(Commercial Off-The-Shelf)是节约成本、降低风险的有效措施.COTS多是针对构件级的软件功能进行开发的,软件构件的重要性程度决定了对COTS产品的质量要求和采购决策.如何在成本约束的条件下选择出最优质量的COTS是值得研究的课题.采用层次分析法对构件的重要性进行判断,并运用线性规划建立了在成本约束下的最优质量COTS选择模型.不同的COTS产品会因开发技术的不同而存在兼容性约束,运用0-1规划方法对具有兼容性约束的最优质量COTS选择模型进行了拓展,并以实例进行了验证.     

基于RTX的悬挂物管理系统实时测试设备设计

在对悬挂物管理系统的功能、性能进行地面检测时,为了提高测试设备的接口处理能力,设计了一种基于RTX(real time extension)的实时测试设备.设备硬件全部采用商用货架产品(COTS),设计了软件中间件以解决COTS模块引起的驱动软件接口不一致的问题,以提高设备的通用性;软件设计时,使对悬挂物管理系统进行激励及数据检测的功能性能测试软件运行在RTX系统下,以提高设备的实时性.传统基于Windows的测试设备只需要对软件进行升级,就可以转换为基于RTX的实时测试设备,并能够更“精准”地完成对悬挂物管理系统的测试.     

问与答

问:Java Beans组件是什么? 答:Java Beans是一种可重用的软件组件,并可在组件框架中被可视化地操纵。Java Beans组件模型并没有修改Java语言的语法和语义,开发人员在制作一个Java Beans组件时仅需遵循一定的命名和设计规范。同时,Jana Beans组件模型为开发人员提供了一整套APls(Jana Beans包)来对组件进行描述,这是组件和框架互操作的基础,框架可根据组件描述来操作动态加载在框架中的所有组件,如定制组件的属性、调整组件的位置、设计不同组件间的交互、等等。问:Java Beans组件模型可以提供哪些服务? 答:Java Beans可提供的服务总体来说有以下六种: 1.组件接口的公开和发现。这是组件接口的公开机制,通过公开出来的接口,其他组件或框架环境通过方法调用或者事件传递来驱动组件。 2.事件处理:事件处理是组件产生并广播事件的机制,通过这种机制,事件传递到特定组件上,被通知的组件执行相应的事     

ATS集成中的COTS选型决策研究

针对目前ATS集成中COTS选型方法存在的问题,提出了应用AHP方法进行COTS选型决策的基本框架和方法;在综合考虑影响COTS选型各种因素的基础上,分析了COTS选型决策过程,建立了COTS选型AHP模型;利用层次分析法对各相关因素进行比较排序,确定相对的权重之后,对于COTS的评价和选择就是基于最终的权重指数做出的决策;提出的方法减少了人为主观因素偏离的影响,可以更准确地评价COTS产品及其供应商;最后,以某型检查仪的研制过程为例,说明了该选型决策方法的有效性与合理性.     

用DS2432实现双向认证及软件功能保护

介绍了一种应用DS2432器件实现双向认证及软件功能保护的方法。首先分析了信息认证的基本计算模型,然后应用DS2432器件并使用SHA-1算法实现了1-Wire网络的安全认证。分析了其质询-响应认证过程,从而得出可将系统密钥存放在安全存储器中,而不必存放在程序代码内。这种系统便于扩展,DS2432的数据安全性甚至可以实现远程配置信息修改,节省设计时间,实现了低成本的安全认证功能。     

On the efficiency of domain-based COTS product selection method

Use of commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) products is becoming a popular software development method. Current methods of selecting COTS products involve using the intuition of software developers or use a direct assessment (DA) of the products. The former approach is subjective, whereas the latter approach is expensive. This high cost is because the efficiency of the DA approach is inversely proportional to the product of the number of modules in the system to be developed and the total number of modules in the candidate COTS products. With the increase in the number of available COTS components, the time spent on choosing the appropriate COTS products could easily offset the advantages of using them. Neither of the selection approaches mentioned leads to quality results. Furthermore, inappropriately chosen COTS components may cause much greater damage to a development project than faults in software units that are developed in-house. A domain model is a generic model of the domain of an application system. It captures all of the features and characteristics of the domain. We have developed a new indirect selection approach, called the domain-based COTS product selection method, which makes use of domain models. We have successfully applied our selection method to the development of an on-line margin trading application. In this paper, we first analyze the efficiency of the domain-based COTS product selection method qualitatively. Then, we study the efficiency of the method by means of a formal approach and also through the case study of the on-line margin trading application. All of these results show that the domain-based COTS product selection method is more efficient than the DA methods.     

基于差异分析的商业构件评估方法

在基于商业构件的软件开发中,构件评估与选择是贯穿整个开发过程的关键步骤。该文提出一种基于差异分析的构件评估方法,通过辨识构件与需求在功能性上的差异,由功能点模型估算以软件功能规模度量的差异及其相应的修正代价。构件对需求的适应度被定义为符合需求的目标系统的功能规模与以功能规模度量的构件总代价的比率。     

Uncertainty explicit assessment of off-the-shelf software: A Bayesian approach

Assessment of software COTS components is an essential part of component-based software development. Poorly chosen components may lead to solutions of low quality and that are difficult to maintain. The assessment may be based on incomplete knowledge about the COTS component itself and other aspects (e.g. vendor’s credentials, etc.), which may affect the decision of selecting COTS component(s). We argue in favor of assessment methods in which uncertainty is explicitly represented (‘uncertainty explicit’ methods) using probability distributions. We provide details of a Bayesian model, which can be used to capture the uncertainties in the simultaneous assessment of two attributes, thus, also capturing the dependencies that might exist between them. We also provide empirical data from the use of this method for the assessment of off-the-shelf database servers which illustrate the advantages of ‘uncertainty explicit’ methods over conventional methods of COTS component assessment which assume that at the end of the assessment the values of the attributes become known with certainty.     

Evaluating COTS component dependability in context

The software industry has increasingly expanded its adoption of COTS components for complex, mission-critical applications. Using COTS products can shorten development and deployment time because they let system developers focus on creating domain-specific services. Selecting the right COTS component, however, is no easy task. We present a practical process that developers can use to empirically evaluate component dependability in their context. Our approach uses the unified model of dependability, a requirements engineering approach specially devised to capture dependability in context. This model clearly specifies the measurable characteristics the component must have to be dependable in a specific context. The model then serves as a reference, providing guidance on effectively designing experiments to compare similar components and interpret collected data. The process can be applied to any specific context and COTS component. Here, we describe our comparison of the dependability of real-time Java virtual machines (RT JVM) in the spacecraft software context.     

Multi-Criteria Methodology Contribution to the Software Quality Evaluation

Industrial evaluations of COTS software largely used the quality models provided by the international standards. But the context and objectives of COTS evaluations are fundamentally different than those primarily defined by the standards. Several key issues are often forgotten: (1) the existence of several evaluators and several quality models sharing common factors, criteria and measures, (2) the purpose of the evaluation model, (3) measures of different types, and (4) the recursive nature of the model since each node is an evaluation model itself. We had the occasion to study the results of real standard-based COTS evaluations. Faced with the difficulties to exploit them, we experimented the use of multi-criteria methodology. This work allows us to understand some of the problems generated by the application of the standards to COTS evaluations, and to propose new principles for evaluating software quality that should be considered in an evolution of the standards. This paper reports our experiment.     

SBFS：基于搜索的软件缺陷预测特征选择框架

软件缺陷预测通过预先识别出被测项目内的潜在缺陷程序模块,有助于合理分配测试资源,并最终提高被测软件产品的质量。但在搜集缺陷预测数据集的时候,由于考虑了大量与代码复杂度或开发过程相关的度量元,造成数据集内存在维数灾难问题。借助基于搜索的软件工程思想,提出一种新颖的基于搜索的包裹式特征选择框架SBFS。该框架在实现时,首先借助SMOTE方法来缓解数据集内存在的类不平衡问题,随后借助基于遗传算法的特征选择方法,基于训练集选出最优特征子集。在实证研究中,以NASA数据集作为评测对象,以基于前向选择策略的包裹式特征选择方法FW、基于后向选择策略的包裹式特征选择BW、不进行特征选择的Origin作为基准方法。最终实证研究结果表明：SBFS方法在90%的情况下,不差于Origin法。在82.3%的情况下,不差于BW法。在69.3%的情况下,不差于FW法。除此之外,我们发现若基于决策树分类器,则应用SMOTE方法后,可以在71%的情况下,提高模型性能。而基于朴素贝叶斯和Logistic回归分类器,则应用SMOTE方法后,仅可以在47%和43%的情况下,提高模型的预测性能。     

Encapsulating windows-based software applications into reusable components with design patterns

Reusing software by integrating Commercial Off-The-Shelf (COTS) applications into a software system is maturing in practice. Our previous work [1] presented a component wrapping approach to convert Windows-based COTS applications into CORBA objects. A formal and generalized representation of the conversion process for a Windows-based COTS application into a reusable software component would be useful and desirable for applying such software reuse to COTS-based system development. This study addresses a pattern-based representation of our experience. The patterns in this study offer clear documentation and sufficient information for a software developer to develop a COTS-based software system rapidly. An example system, Graphic Mechanical Part Management System (GMPMS) assembling two COTS applications under MS-DOS and MS-Windows 2000/XP, respectively, is also developed in this study to reveal how the patterns are utilized.