锑掺杂对Mn-Ce/TiO2催化剂脱硝性能的影响

采用浸渍法制备了一系列Sb掺杂的Mn-Ce-Sb/TiO₂催化剂,考察了Sb/TiO₂摩尔比对催化剂脱硝性能的影响,采用X射线衍射、N₂吸附-脱附、NH₃程序升温脱附,H₂程序升温还原等表征手段对Mn-Ce/TiO₂和Mn-Ce-Sb/TiO₂(Sb/TiO₂摩尔比2∶10)催化剂进行表征,并对两种催化剂的脱硝性能、抗硫和抗水性能进行对比。结果表明：Sb的掺杂有利于催化剂的活性组分在载体上更好地分散,促进活性组分与载体之间的相互作用,促进低温氧化还原反应的进行;Mn-Ce-Sb/TiO₂催化剂具有较大的比表面积、较多的表面酸性位及优良的氧化还原性能,因此,与Mn-Ce/TiO₂催化剂相比,Mn-Ce-Sb/TiO₂催化剂具有更高的选择性催化还原NO活性及较好的抗硫、抗水性能。     

SiO2掺杂对V-Mo/TiO2催化剂脱硝性能的影响

采用共沉淀法制备不同SiO₂掺杂量的TiO₂-SiO₂复合载体,采用浸渍法在这些复合载体上负载活性组分V₂O₅和MoO₃,制备不同SiO₂掺杂量的V-Mo/TiO₂-SiO₂催化剂 (VMTS)。运用XRD,SEM,BET,H₂-TPR等分析手段对催化剂的理化性能进行表征,结果表明：随着SiO₂掺杂量的增加,VMTS催化剂的XRD谱图中不仅出现了SiO₂衍射峰,而且出现了锐钛矿型TiO₂的衍射峰,表明活性组分V₂O₅和MoO₃含量相对较低,主要以非晶态或微晶态形式存在;掺杂SiO₂的催化剂H₂-TPR还原峰向低温方向移动,同时比表面积和孔体积增大,孔径减小;与其他催化剂相比,SiO₂与TiO₂的质量比为0.2∶1的催化剂VMTS-(0.2∶1)具有最佳的氧化还原能力。脱硝效率评价结果表明：VMTS-(0.2∶1)催化剂具有最佳的烟气脱硝效率,烟气中通入SO₂时,VMTS催化剂烟气脱硝效率下降幅度均低于未掺杂SiO₂的催化剂,VMTS-(0.2:1)催化剂烟气脱硝效率下降幅度最小,说明掺杂SiO₂有利于催化剂抗硫性能的提高。     

SiO2掺杂对V-Mo/TiO2催化剂脱硝性能的影响

采用共沉淀法制备不同SiO₂掺杂量的TiO₂-SiO₂复合载体，采用浸渍法在这些复合载体上负载活性组分V₂O₅和MoO₃，制备不同SiO₂掺杂量的V-Mo/TiO₂-SiO₂催化剂 (VMTS)。运用XRD,SEM,BET,H₂-TPR等分析手段对催化剂的理化性能进行表征，结果表明：随着SiO₂掺杂量的增加，VMTS催化剂的XRD谱图中不仅出现了SiO₂衍射峰，而且出现了锐钛矿型TiO₂的衍射峰，表明活性组分V₂O₅和MoO₃含量相对较低，主要以非晶态或微晶态形式存在；掺杂SiO₂的催化剂H₂-TPR还原峰向低温方向移动，同时比表面积和孔体积增大，孔径减小；与其他催化剂相比，SiO₂与TiO₂的质量比为0.2∶1的催化剂VMTS-(0.2∶1)具有最佳的氧化还原能力。脱硝效率评价结果表明：VMTS-(0.2∶1)催化剂具有最佳的烟气脱硝效率，烟气中通入SO₂时，VMTS催化剂烟气脱硝效率下降幅度均低于未掺杂SiO₂的催化剂，VMTS-(0.2:1)催化剂烟气脱硝效率下降幅度最小，说明掺杂SiO₂有利于催化剂抗硫性能的提高。     

Cu/HZSM-5催化剂低温NH3-SCR脱硝性能研究

采用浸渍法制备Cu（x）/HZSM-5系列催化剂并应用于低温NH₃选择性催化还原脱硝性能研究。在固定床微型反应器上进行了O₂存在条件下催化剂的NH₃选择性催化还原NO活性评价,并通过XRD（X射线衍射仪）,SEM（扫描电子显微镜）,NO-TPD（程序升温脱附）,O₂-TPD,TG-DSC-MS（热重-差示扫描量热法-质谱联用）等对催化剂性能进行表征。结果表明,催化剂的催化脱硝活性随着Cu负载量增加而逐渐增强,Cu负载量影响催化剂表面活性物种分布、氧化还原性能和吸附脱附性能,Cu以CuO的形式存在于催化剂表面或空隙中。Cu（6）/HZSM-5表现出较好的低温脱硝性能,与其拥有较好的氧化性能和NO吸附脱附性能等有关,159～378℃时NO的转化率接近100%。     

Pt-Pd/SiO2-Al2O3催化剂芳烃加氢饱和性能研究

以SiO2质量分数40%的无定形硅铝和氢氧化铝干胶为主要原料,制备不同SiO₂含量的SiO₂-Al₂O₃载体,以氯铂酸和氯化钯为Pt和Pd的前躯物配制浸渍液,并用等体积浸渍法制备Pt-Pd/SiO₂-Al₂O₃催化剂。采用N₂吸附-脱附、X射线衍射、程序升温脱附、金相显微镜、透射电子显微镜等手段对所制备催化剂进行表征,在10 mL固定床加氢装置上,以2%（w）四氢萘+10%（w）十氢萘+88%（w）异辛烷混合物为原料对催化剂进行芳烃加氢活性评价。结果表明：在SiO₂质量分数为20%~40%范围内,随着SiO₂含量的增加,催化剂的比表面积增大,晶相组成不变,中强酸酸量增加,L酸酸量减少,B酸酸量增加;Pt-Pd在SiO₂-Al₂O₃载体上的分散由蛋壳型转变为均匀型,分散度增加;其催化四氢萘加氢的活性提高。随着浸渍液中盐酸浓度增加,催化剂上活性组分的分散度先增大后减小,盐酸浓度为0.1 mol/L时Pt-Pd/SiO₂-Al₂O₃活性组分的分散度最好,催化剂的四氢萘加氢活性最高。     

稀土La改性NiO/Al2O3重整生成油加氢催化剂的研究

以氢氧化铝干胶为原料,采用等体积浸渍法制备La改性NiO/Al₂O₃催化剂,以溴指数为3 836 mgBr/（100 g）的重整生成油为原料,在10 mL固定床微反装置上考察了La₂O₃引入顺序以及La₂O₃负载量对NiO/Al2O3催化剂选择性加氢脱烯烃性能的影响。结果表明：在反应压力1.0 MPa、体积空速8 h^-1、氢油体积比25的条件下,先La后Ni方式制备的La₂O₃负载量为1.0%的催化剂具有良好的烯烃加氢选择性,芳烃损失小于1.0%,溴指数低于200 mgBr/（100 g）。     

噻吩脱硫过程中钒氧化物晶格氧的作用

以γ-Al₂O₃、VO₂和V₂O₅为催化剂,在连续固定床微反装置上、500℃下,考察了噻吩在常压下的脱硫反应过程,并进行了噻吩原位吸附红外光谱、XPS光电子能谱、XRD等表征。结果表明,在催化裂化反应条件下,采用具有单纯L酸中心的催化剂时,噻吩脱硫反应的转化率很低;采用具有单纯氧化-还原中心的催化剂时,噻吩可被氧化成CO、CO₂及SO₂,但转化率也较低;采用既具有酸中心又具有氧化 还原中心的V₂O₅时,由于酸中心和氧化-还原中心的协同作用,噻吩脱硫反应的转化率最高,H₂S和SO₂的产率也最高。催化裂化反应条件下,噻吩可以被钒氧化物的晶格氧氧化,同时V₂O₅与VO₂失去部分晶格氧被还原为V₂O₃等低价态产物;由于V₂O₅比VO₂活泼晶格氧数目多,较易被还原,因此噻吩脱硫反应的SO₂产率更高。V₂O₅表面存在的L酸中心Vⁿ⁺－O－V为噻吩的初始吸附中心,L酸中心与临近的V=O双键的作用促进了噻吩的氧化。     

溶剂热合成法制备三氧化二钒催化剂及其二苯并噻吩的氧化脱硫性能探究

通过一种新型的溶剂热法合成了具有高比表面的V₂O₃纳米颗粒,制备过程中没有用到任何表面活性剂和模板剂。得到的V₂O₃纳米颗粒大多在10-30nm,并且其比表面高达了49 m²/g。本文通过不同的合成方法得到了几种不同的V₂O₃催化剂,这些V₂O₃催化剂都具备较高的氧化脱硫活性,氧化脱硫反应的氧化剂为叔丁基过氧化氢。其中表现出活性最高的V₂O₃催化剂是以如下方法得到的：V₂O₅作为钒源,甲醇为溶剂,草酸为络合剂,并且甲醇与草酸的摩尔比为 1:2。二苯并噻吩的氧化脱硫反应条件十分温和,在相对较低的温度和常压下即可进行。结果表明氧化脱硫活性最高的V₂O₃催化剂具备的比表面最高。     

Bi2O3/Bi2WO6异质结光催化剂的制备及其活性

采用一步水热法,制备了具有高效光催化活性的Bi₂O₃/Bi₂WO₆异质结催化剂。利用X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）、X射线光电子能谱（XPS）和N2物理吸附（BET）等技术对催化剂样品进行表征,分析了不同Bi₂O₃负载量Bi₂O₃/Bi₂WO₆催化剂样品的催化活性并进行了光催化机理探究。结果表明：Bi₂O₃/Bi₂WO₆具有典型的异质结构,Bi₂O₃负载于Bi₂WO₆片层结构的表面,两者紧密结合并且没有破坏彼此的物相结构;相比于单体Bi₂WO₆,Bi₂O₃/Bi₂WO₆能有效促进光生电子和空穴的分离,其禁带宽度仅为2.47 eV,具有良好的可见光吸收性能。模拟太阳光活性考察,2 h内Bi₂O₃摩尔分数10%的Bi₂O₃/Bi₂WO₆对10 mg/L罗丹明B溶液光降解效率可高达91.1%。     

焙烧温度对Au/TiO2催化愈创木酚加氢脱氧反应性能的影响

采用沉积-沉淀法制备了不同焙烧温度的Au/TiO₂系列催化剂,采用TEM、XPS、XRD、N₂吸附-脱附、ICP以及NH₃-TPD等手段表征了Au/TiO₂系列催化剂的物化性能。考察了Au/TiO₂系列催化剂在木质素模型化合物(愈创木酚)加氢脱氧反应中的催化性能,及反应条件对Au/TiO₂-1(焙烧温度为350 ℃)催化愈创木酚加氢脱氧反应性能的影响,并探讨了反应机理。结果表明,当焙烧温度由350 ℃升至650 ℃,Au/TiO2催化剂中Au颗粒平均粒径从2.7 nm增至7.9 nm,晶型保持为锐钛矿型,催化剂比表面积由90 m²/g减至49 m²/g;新鲜和反应后催化剂中的Au均以金属态存在。在愈创木酚加氢脱氧反应中,Au/TiO₂催化剂对酚类产物有很高的选择性。随着催化剂焙烧温度增加,其活性逐渐降低,产物中酚类物质的选择性基本不变;当催化剂上Au颗粒平均粒径小于6 nm时,出现了新的反应路径,即愈创木酚上甲氧基中的甲基加氢生成甲烷。不同反应温度与氢气压力的结果表明,Au/TiO₂催化剂能够高选择性地断裂1个C-O键,而苯环不会被饱和,酚类产物的分布基本没有变化。催化剂重复使用2次性能稳定。     

Oxidehydrogenation of Ethylbenzene Over Supported TiO2 Catalysts

Six different metals as active components of catalyst for dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene were supported over TiO₂ using isovolumetric impregnation method. In the bench scale experiment at 623 K an effective catalyst V₁/TiO₂ was found, 18.8% ethylbenzene with 100% styrene selectivity acquired. Various characterization techniques, physisorption, SEM/EDX, XRD, TGA, and particle size analyzer, were employed to analyze the features of catalysts. Results showed that lower calcined temperatures helped to increase the selectivity of styrene when V₁/TiO₂ was calcined at 523 K while the reaction temperature was 623 K. The pore distribution was concentrated and the growth of active components crystalline grains in V₁/TiO₂ catalyst could be effectively controlled when it was calcined in lower temperature during preparation. The agglomeration of V on the surface of V₁/TiO₂ catalyst during reaction leads to the decrease of ethylbenzene conversion.     

催化重整生成油选择性加氢脱烯烃催化剂NiO/Al2O3的研究

以氢氧化铝干胶为原料,采用等体积浸渍法制备了NiO/Al2 O3催化剂;以溴指数为3836 mgBr/(100 g)的催化重整生成油评价NiO/Al2 O3催化剂的选择性加氢脱烯烃性能.考察了载体焙烧温度和NiO负载量对NiO/Al2 O3催化剂选择性加氢脱烯烃性能的影响.结果表明:载体焙烧温度为650℃时,采用NiO...     

PREPARATION OF NEW TYPE CATALYST WITH GOOD PROPERTIES FOR HYDRODESULFURIZATION

The CoMo/TiA catalyst for hydrodesulfurization (HDS) and its composite support TiA with industrial scale had been produced through the certain process and the studied range of ratio of TiO₂/(TiO₂ + Al₂O₃) was enlarged. The good properties of the support TiA were attributed to its special pore structure. When the ratio of TiA/(TiA + Al₂O₃) was 0.80, the specific surface area of the support and its pore volume reached their maximum respectively. The range of atom ratio of Co/(Co + Mo) of the catalyst CoMo/TiA from 0.25-0.31 proved best, during which activity of the catalyst reached the maximum. The disperse state of TiO₂ on the surface of TiA and effect of the promoter Co content on the surface structure of the catalyst had been studied by XRD, LRS and XPS. The analytic results showed that 0.47 g TiO₂/g γ-Al₂O₃ was the schwellenwert for the coverage of TiO₂ on the surface of TiA. Beyond this, TiO₂ lies on the surface of TiA with a single layer; otherwise, it existed in the form of TiO₂ crystal phase (anatase phase). When adding a few promoters Co into the catalyst, the dispersity of MoO₃ on the surface of the support TiA increased remarkably and activity of this catalyst was also improved.     

COMPARISON BETWEEN THE PERFORMANCE OF CONVENTIONAL AND HIGH-METAL Co-Mo AND Ni-Mo CATALYSTS IN DEEP DESULFURIZATION OF KUWAIT ATMOSPHERIC GAS OIL

Due to environmental constraints, sulfur content of diesel fuel has been restricted to very low levels (500 ppm maximum) in many countries. As a result, a greater emphasis has been placed in recent years on the development of catalysts and processes for deep desulfurization of diesel blending streams to produce low sulfur diesel fuel. In the present work we have compared the performance of a conventional Co-Mo catalyst with that of high metal loading Co-Mo and Ni-Mo catalysts in deep desulfurization of Kuwait atmospheric gas oil. The tests were carried out in a fixed bed reactor unit using 75 ml of catalyst under the conditions: P=32 bar; LHSV = 4h^-1; H₂/oil ratio = 100 ml/ml; temperature range = 330 - 390°C. HDS activity of the high molybdenum Co-Mo catalyst was superior to that of the conventional Co-Mo hydrotreating catalyst. High metal loading Co-Mo/Al₂O₃ catalyst also showed a substantially higher HDS activity than the Ni-Mo/Al₂O₃ catalyst containing a similar high metal loading. The unreacted sulfur compounds remaining in the product after high severity hydrotreating were identified as dibenzothiophenes with alkyl substituents next to the sulfur atom. The desulfiirization of such low reactive alkyl dibenzothiophenes was found to occur at a substantially lower temperature over the high metal loading Co-Mo catalyst compared with the conventional Co-Mo catalyst. The results have been explained on the basis of the stacking and dispersion of MoS₂ slabs as well as in terms of the nature of the sulfur vacancies in the MoS₂ layers in these catalyst systems.     

Hydrotreating Activity of Heavy Gasoil over NiMo/γ-Al2O3-TiO2

Different γ-Al₂O₃-TiO₂ catalysts were tested in a pilot plant fixed-bed reactor in order to evaluate the effect of atomic ratio (Ni/Ni + Mo) on hydrotreating activity of heavy gasoil FCC feed. Hydrotreating reactions were carried out at three temperatures (330, 365, and 400°C) and LHSV of 6 h^-1. Studies of atomic ratio were done varying Ni amounts (2, 2.4, and 2.95 wt%) whereas molybdenum loading was kept constant (6 wt%) for all catalysts, the behavior of these catalysts was compared with a reference catalyst containing 11.5 wt% of Mo and 2.95 wt% of Ni, which was evaluated at the same conditions. All catalysts were prepared by incipient impregnation method over γ-Al₂O₃-TiO₂ (Ti = 5.6 wt%). Experimental results showed correlation between the atomic ratio (Ni/Ni + Mo) and the best results for hydrodemetallization where found for the catalyst with atomic ratio of (Ni/Ni + Mo) = 0.45.     

钼负载量对FCC干气和混合C4组合进料制丙烯催化剂反应性能的影响

基于提高烯烃利用率和增产丙烯的目的,在C4烯烃裂解制丙烯工艺中,将FCC干气和混合C4按一定比例混合后作为进料.采用初湿浸渍法向ZSM-5分子筛催化剂中引入MoO3,以实现裂解反应与歧化反应的耦合.采用X射线衍射技术(XRD)、Py-FTIR光谱及BET技术对MoO3/ZSM-5-Al2O3催化剂进行表征.结果表明,钼...     

MgO-Cr2O3/Al2O3催化剂对丙烷脱氢反应的再生性能

制备了Mg改性Cr₂O₃/Al₂O₃催化剂,利用XRD,UV-Vis,XPS,H₂-TPR,NH₃-TPD,TG等方法考察了新鲜和再生后催化剂的结构与性能。实验结果表明,助剂Mg的添加有利于催化剂再生后的物相结构稳定;随再生次数的增加,催化剂孔径增大,比表面积降低,催化剂表面Cr⁶⁺含量降低,Cr⁶⁺组分逐渐不可逆还原为Cr³⁺等稳定状态;催化剂表面主要为弱酸和中强酸,随再生次数的增加,酸量减少,但酸强度增加,Cr物种价态及其与载体的相互作用影响了表面酸性进而影响了催化剂活性;新鲜催化剂催化活性略高于再生催化剂,经多次再生后催化剂性能趋于稳定,丙烷转化率稳定在30%左右,丙烯选择性在88%以上。