有机硅聚醚共聚物的合成及其在聚乙烯加工中的应用

以含氢硅油与不饱和聚醚的硅氢加工反应合成有机硅聚醚共聚物，该共聚物稳定性良好，粘温性适宜，应用的聚乙烯的加工中，能有效地解决熔体破裂问题，降低设备能耗，赋予聚乙烯易加工性，且用量少，活性高。     

中国专利

<正>一种透明多因子降解改性聚乙烯膜及其制备方法本发明公开了一种透明多因子降解改性聚乙烯膜及其制备方法,属于高分子新材料制备技术领域。配方包括聚乙烯、磺化聚醚醚酮、苯基磷酸锌、马来酸酐接枝1-辛烯-乙烯共聚物、聚乙烯醇-聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物、微生物营养添加剂、聚乙二醇(PEG 400)、山梨醇聚醚、硬脂酸锰、甲基乙烯基醚马来酸酐共聚物、壳寡糖、丙交酯、环氧基硅烷偶联剂和叶腊石细粉,通     

聚醚聚硅氧烷季铵盐嵌段共聚物的合成及其在洗发香波中的应用

以端烯丙基聚醚、四甲基二氢二硅氧烷、环氧丙烯醚、八甲基环四硅氧烷等为原料，合成出聚醚聚硅氧烷季铵盐嵌段共聚物，讨论了聚醚聚硅氧烷季铵盐嵌段共聚物的产品结构、辅助调理剂的种类及烷基长度对洗发香波性能的影响，比较了线形结构与梳形结构的聚醚聚硅氧烷嵌段共聚物对洗发香波调理性的影响。结果表明，随着聚醚聚硅氧烷季铵盐嵌段共聚物中聚醚与聚硅氧烷的质量比的加大，香波的粘度和泡沫高度下降；洗发香波的调理性与聚醚聚硅氧烷季铵盐嵌段共聚物中聚醚的含量有关，亲水聚醚的含量高，则洗发香波的湿态手感好，干态手感则相反；线形结构的聚醚聚硅氧烷季铵盐嵌段共聚物中配制的洗发香波的干态手感比梳形结构的好，干态摩擦阻力系数则比梳形结构的略低；选择合适的辅助调理剂，可以解决洗发香波粘度降低的问题；聚醚聚硅氧烷季铵盐嵌段共聚物中烷基长度以十六～十八为宜。     

2004年我国热塑性工程塑料进展

根据2004年国内公开发表的文献,综述(丙烯腈／丁二烯／苯乙烯)共聚物、聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、聚醚、饱和聚酯等通用热塑性工程塑料的高性能化,聚醚砜、聚醚砜酮、聚醚醚酮酮、聚四氟乙烯、液晶聚合物等特种工程塑料的实用化,以及聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚氯乙烯、聚苯乙烯、热塑性弹性体等通用塑料的工程化等方面的研究进展．展望今后热塑性工程塑料的发展趋势。     

PET塑料增韧改性的进展

本文综述了用高聚物通过共混改善 PET 塑料抗冲性能的最新进展。这些高聚物包括:PBT、PC、聚酯聚醚弹性体、尼龙、酸酐改性聚烯烃(如:聚乙烯、乙丙橡胶、氢化 SBS 等)、乙烯——丙烯酸酯共聚物等。     

聚羧酸系无磷阻垢剂阻磷酸钙垢的对比研究

羧酸系阻垢剂具有对水环境无磷污染优势。通过实验对新型聚醚型羧酸系共聚物马来酸酐-烯丙氧基聚乙烯氧基羧酸钠(MA-APEC)、丙烯酸-烯丙氧基聚乙烯氧基羧酸钠(AA-APEC)及羧酸系聚合物水解聚马来酸酐、聚丙烯酸、丙烯酸/丙烯酸羟丙酯的阻磷酸钙垢能力进行了对比研究。实验结果显示,5种阻垢剂均可使磷酸钙晶体形貌发生改变,但拥有强亲水性聚乙烯氧基链段的聚合物MA-APEC和AA-APEC具有更优异的阻磷酸钙垢能力。     

PA6–聚醚硅油抗静电共聚物的合成与性能研究

以己内酰胺和聚醚硅油为原料,通过熔融缩聚制备了PA6–聚醚硅油共聚物,用傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、热重(TG)分析对共聚物的结构和热稳定性能进行表征,研究了聚醚硅油用量对共聚物的抗静电性能和力学性能的影响。结果表明,聚醚硅油和PA6预聚体之间发生了酯化反应;共聚物热稳定性良好,起始热分解温度在380℃以上;聚醚硅油的加入降低了PA6的表面电阻率,达1×109Ω;聚醚硅油对PA6有一定的增韧作用。     

聚醚氨酯结构与微相分离的研究

以聚四氢呋喃二醇(PTMEG)为软段，以4，4’-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)和间苯二胺为硬段，合成了一系列聚醚氨酯嵌段共聚物。利用傅立叶红外光谱(FTIR)、差热分析(DSC)和小角X光散射(SAXS)对聚醚氨酯嵌段共聚物的微相分离进行了研究，发现在聚醚氨酯嵌段共聚物中存在两相结构，其微相分离程度随硬段含量的增加而降低。     

新型热塑性高弹体材料-间规聚丙烯／乙烯共聚物

这种新的热塑性高弹体材料聚丙烯-聚乙烯共聚物的丙烯基单元结构含量高（乙烯基单元结构含量在2％～60％（摩尔百分比）），并包含有高的区域规整性的问规结晶性丙烯基系列物。同一般的聚乙烯-聚丙烯共聚物相比。一般的聚乙烯-聚丙烯共聚物可能生成聚乙烯晶体。而现在的聚丙烯-聚乙烯共聚物中，晶体会从富含问规丙烯单元的结晶处产生。     

乳胶漆用有机硅消泡剂

用改性聚硅氧烷和低相对分子质量聚醚形成的嵌段共聚物制备聚醚消泡剂，对乳胶漆进行消泡试验，并进行了性能测试分析。结果显示聚醚改性有机硅消泡剂具有良好的消泡性能。     

Morphology control of polyester-polyolefin blends by transesterification during processing operations in the presence of dibutyltin oxide

PE and PBT are known to be incompatible polymers. A grafted copolymer PBT-EVA has been generated as a compatibilizer in situ during the processing operation by redistributive transesterification between PBT and EVA in the presence of dibutyl tin oxide (DBTO). This copolymer has been isolated by selective extractions from PBT/EVA/DBTO (49.5/49.5/1% in weight) blend after processing in the melt. It has been evidenced by a ¹H-NMR study. This copolymer presents all the resonances of PBT and EVA sequences and some others that have been assigned specificaly to grafting. To achieve these assignments, a model compound obtained by transesterification of EVA with methyl benzoate has been used. When the melt conditions enable synthesis of the grafted copolymer PBT-EVA in situ during processing operations, important changes in the morphology of PE/PBT/EVA/DBTO blends are observed. SEM analysis shows a decrease of PBT particle size and a good adhesion between the PBT and PE phase. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 65: 2457–2469, 1997     

Optimization of the electrospinning processing‐window to fabricate nanostructured PE‐b‐PEO and hybrid PE‐b‐PEO/EBBA fibers

An electrospinning technique is used to obtain poly(ethylene‐b‐ethylene oxide) block copolymer (PE‐b‐PEO) fibers. Optimization of the electrospinning processing‐window is carried out by varying the concentration of the block copolymer solution and playing with three different electrospinning parameters, applied voltage, solvent and block copolymer solution flow rate. The influence of the concentration of the block copolymer solution over the length and diameter of the fibers is mainly studied and results indicate that the optimum conditions to fabricate PE‐b‐PEO block copolymer fibers are concentrations between 45 and 47 wt% of PE‐b‐PEO block copolymer and chloroform/DMF mixture ratio of 4:1 and 5:1. Moreover, low solvent and block copolymer solution flow rates led to the longest and widest fibers. Hybrid fibers are also fabricated modifying PE‐b‐PEO block copolymer fibers with low molecular weight N‐(4‐ethoxybenzylidene)?4‐butylaniline (EBBA) nematic liquid crystal using coaxial electrospinning technique. The morphology of the fabricated fibers is investigated from micro to nanoscale. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) results show self‐organization of investigated PE‐b‐PEO and hybrid PE‐b‐PEO/EBBA fibers on the nanometric scale, which make them interesting from the point of view of novel applications as template materials. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 57:1157–1167, 2017. © 2017 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Morphology monitoring of PE/PBT blends by reactive processing

Polyethylene (PE)/poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT) blends were in situ compatibilized during a processing operation by the addition of a partially hydroxylated ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVAh). This copolymer, obtained from ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), was as compatible with PE as EVA was before modification. In the presence of EVAh, the dispersion of PBT in the PE matrix was finer, and the interfacial adhesion was improved. These results are relevant for the compatibilization of PE/PBT blends. Moreover, such blends present good toluene barrier properties. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 82: 3568–3577, 2001     

Carbon Nanotubes can Enhance Phase Dispersion in Polymer Blends

A two-step method was used to prepare carbon nanotube (CNT)/ethylene-vinylacetate copolymer (EVA)/polyethylene (PE) and CNT/polycarbonate (PC)/PE composites. First, CNT-EVA and CNT-PC master batches were obtained by solution-phase processing, and second, the CNT masterbatches were melt-mixed with PE. Phase morphological observation indicates that there is a marked decrease in the size of the dispersed particles in the composites. This finding is of practical significance to develop new polymer materials based on blending concept.     

Mechanical properties and morphology of crosslinked PP/PE blends and PP/PE/propylene–ethylene copolymer blends

Blending is an effective method for improving polymer properties. However, the problem of phase separation often occurs due to incompatibility of homopolymers, which deteriorates the physical properties of polyblends. In this study, isotactic polypropylene was blended with low-density polyethylene. Crosslinking agent and copolymers of propylene and ethylene (either random copolymer or block copolymer) were added to improve the interfacial adhesion of PP/LDPE blends. The tensile strength, heat deflection temperature, and impact strength of these modified PP/PE blends were investigated. The microstructures of polyblends have been studied to interpret the mechanical behavior through dynamic viscoelasticity, wide-angle X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, picnometry, and scanning electron microscopy. The properties of crosslinked PP/PE blends were determined by the content of crosslinking agent and processing method. For the material blended by roll, a 2% concentration of peroxide corresponded to a maximum tensile strength and minimum impact strength. However, the mechanical strength of those products blended by extrusion monotonously decreased with increasing peroxide content because of serious degradation. The interfacial adhesion of PP/PE blends could be enhanced by adding random or block copolymer of propylene and ethylene, and the impact strength as well as ductility were greatly improved. Experimental data showed that the impact strength of PP/LDPE/random copolymer ternary blend could reach as high as 33.3 kg · cm/cm; however, its rigidity and tensile strength were inferior to those of PP/LDPE/block copolymer blend.     

Oxygen permeation resistance of polyethylene,polyethylene/ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer,polyethylene/modified ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer,and polyethylene/modified polyamide–ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer bottles

The oxygen permeation resistance of polyethylene (PE), polyethylene/ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer (PE/EVOH), polyethylene/modified ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer (PE/MEVOH), and polyethylene/modified polyamide–ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer (PE/MPAEVOH) bottles was investigated. The oxygen permeation resistance improved significantly after the blending of ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVOH) barrier resins in PE matrices during blow molding; less demarcated EVOH laminas were found on the fracture surfaces of the PE/EVOH bottles. Surprisingly, the oxygen permeation resistance of the PE/MEVOH bottles decreased significantly, although more clearly defined modified ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer (MEVOH) laminas were found for the PE/MEVOH bottles as the compatibilizer precursor contents present in the MEVOH resins increased. In contrast, after the blending of modified polyamide (MPA) in EVOH resins, more demarcated modified polyamide–ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer (MPAEVOH) laminar structures were observed in the PE/MPAEVOH bottles as the MPA contents present in the MPAEVOH resins increased. In fact, with proper MPAEVOH compositions, the oxygen permeation resistance of the PE/MPAEVOH bottles was even better than that of the PE/EVOH bottles. These interesting oxygen barrier and morphological properties of the PE, PE/EVOH, PE/MEVOH, and PE/MPAEVOH bottles were investigated in terms of the free volumes, barrier properties, and molecular interactions in the amorphous‐phase structures of the barrier resins present in their corresponding bottles. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 92: 2528–2537, 2004     

聚乙烯/聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯共混体系增容剂的合成与研究

本文利用光敏聚合反应,在聚乙烯大分子上接枝甲基丙烯酸甲酯,制备了聚乙烯（ＰＥ）接枝甲基丙烯酸甲酯（ＰＭＭＡ）的接枝共聚物,用作为聚乙烯聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯共混体系的增容剂。利用红外光谱对接枝共聚物的结构进行了表征。实验研究了接枝共聚物的接枝率及用量对共混体系性能的影响。结果表明,当接枝共聚物的接枝量为１０％左右时,增容效果最佳,增容剂的用量为共混体系聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯（ＰＭＭＡ）用量的２０％时,共混体系的力学性能最优,且增容剂对共混体系与油墨的粘结力影响较小     

Influence of wrapping on some properties of MWCNT–PMMA and MWCNT–PE composites

The melt processing technique was used to elaborate composites made with a polymer matrix [polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) or polyethylene (PE)] and multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT). Nanotubes were wrapped by amphiphilic block copolymer (PE–co-polyethylene oxide) in aqueous solution to facilitate the dispersion and the handling. Morphology and physical properties (thermal, mechanical, electrical, and rheological) of the resulting composites were investigated. The wrapping of MWCNT allowed a good dispersion of these nanoparticules in the polymer matrices. Physical properties such as thermal degradation, mechanical behavior, and conduction are improved. The use of wrapped MWCNT allows to reduce drastically the melt viscosity of the blends of crystalline PE composites whereas it is almost non efficient for amorphous PMMA ones.     

Crystalline crosslinked microparticles from immiscible blends of polyethylene and polystyrene

Crystalline crosslinked polyethylene microparticles with size distribution averages ranging from 0.374 to 0.944 μm were prepared from immiscible PS and PE blends in the melt phase for microgel applications. The particles were crosslinked either concurrently while blending using dicumyl peroxide or post blending via electron-beam irradiation. The effects of varying the processing temperature, blend duration, and block copolymer compatibilizer content on the particle morphology were studied and it was found that only a decrease in processing temperatures (increase in continuous-to-dispersed phase viscosity ratio) resulted in finer particles for the range of variables tested. The chemical composition of the isolated particles was determined using infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy while the particle morphology was investigated using electron microscopy image analysis in conjunction with thermogravimetric analysis. It was determined that particles produced with and without the block copolymer contained a small amount of PS even after meticulous extraction with a PS solvent (THF). However, the exact location of PS on the PE particles remains obscure.     

Effects of processing conditions and copolymer molecular weight on the mechanical properties and morphology of compatibilized polymer blends

The mechanical properties and morphology of melt mixed polystyrene (PS)/polyethylene (PE) blends that were modified by the addition of up to 16% of a semicrystalline PS-b-hPB (hydrogenated polybutadiene) diblock copolymer with varying molecular weight are reported. As a result of the blocks of the copolymer penetrating the corresponding homopolymers, these diblock copolymers are capable of reinforcing the PS/PE interface significantly. This increase in interfacial strength between the immiscible blend components does not necessarily result in an improvement in the mechanical properties of the blends as measured by Izod or tensile tests. This may be because the effect of the copolymers on the rheological properties of the blends during processing outweighs their emulsifying/reinforcing effects. If found to be universally true for polymer blends, these results suggest that the relationship between the effects of copolymers on interfacial strength, their emulsifying effects, and the mechanical properties of copolymer modified blends are not as simple as suggested by many statements found in the literature.