Scale effect of Planck's law over nonisothermal blackbody surface

Many physical laws, principles, models, measurement methods, etc., are applicable only to either a point on surface or a homogeneous surface. However, remote sensing deals with pixels which may range from meters to kilometers. Therefore scale effects of these laws and measurements are inevitable problems which must be faced. As an example, the spatial scale effect of Planck Law over nonisothermal blackbody surface is considered.     

Biomass estimation and uncertainty analysis based on CBERS-02 CCD camera data and field measurement

The study on terrestrial ecosystem carbon cycle has been the focus of global change research and regional sustainable development research. It is well known that terrestrial ecosystem is the largest unknown area[1] in seeking the missing carbon sink[2]. Because it is allowed in the Kyoto Protocol that adding CO2 absorption by foresting and reforesting can offset greenhouse gases emission, the mechanism of carbon sequestration and thedistribution and mapping of carbon pool have been the focus …     

异型坯中间包中钢液三维流场研究

针对马钢异形坯中间包,建立了相应的数模,利用流体力学软件FLUENT,在非等温条件下,研究在设置挡墙和坝前后中间包内钢水流场规律,为工业现场工艺优化提供科学参考.     

Biomass estimation and uncertainty analysis based on CBERS-02 CCD camera data and field measurement

The study site is located in Qianyanzhou experimental station and the surrounding area. Based on CBERS-02 satellite data and field measurement, we not only discussed the relationship between NDVI and biomass of two species of coniferous plantations, namely,Pinus massoniana Lamb andPinus elliottii Engelm, but also introduced the biomass models based on NDVI. The comparison between measured biomass in Qianyanzhou and biomass derived from CBERS-02 CCD data showed that it is feasible to estimate biomass based on NDVI. But its limitations cannot be ignored. This kind of model depends on the dominant vegetation species. There are some effect factors in estimating biomass based on NDVI. This paper analyzes these factors based on fine-resolution CBERS-02 CCD data and some conclusions are drawn: In Qianyanzhou, the area with good vegetation coverage, the nonlinearity of NDVI has little influence on scaling-up of NDVI. As a result of surface heterogeneity, scaling-up can cause NDVI within each pixel to change. Because scaling-up can cause pixel attribute to change, the applicability of biomass model is one of the sources of error in estimating biomass.     

用于非等温热分析动力学的新方法

通过Levenberg-Marquardt法,得到一个新的温度积分近似式。给出了相应的用于计算动力学参数的方程。与以往的温度积分近似式的比较表明,新提出的温度积分近似式精确度高。通过对理论模型提出的非等温数据的应用表明,基于新温度积分近似式的新动力学分析方法非常适合求解非等温动力学参数。     

Absolute radiometric calibration of CBERS-02 IRMSS thermal band

Based on the laboratory calibration before launch of CBERS-02 IRMSS thermal infrared channel, the onboard blackbody calibration, the radiometric crosscalibration against TERRA MODIS corresponding channel and the in-flight field calibration at Lake Qinghai: water surface radiometric calibration test site of China on Aug. 17, 2004 are carried out in this research. When making onboard blackbody calibration of CBERS-02 IRMSS, it is necessary to understand inside structures and light path in IRMSS camera and receive and process calibration blackbody signals at normal and high temperatures. Onboard blackbody calibration results of each detector are very important to relative radiometric calibration of images processing and absolute radiometric calibration of each detector. In-flight field calibration mainly contains field experiments, obtaining synchronous images, spectrum marching and MODTRAN radiative transmission computation. Radiometric cross-calibration of CBERS-02 IRMSS thermal band against TERRA MODIS selected 6 times synchronous images of two sensors passing through Lake Qinghai and Lake Taihu from August to December, 2004 to compute the cross calibration data. Combining the in-flight field calibration and radiometric cross calibration data, the absolute radiometric calibration coefficients are calculated by the linear regression method. This new calibration model can obviously control the radiometric calibration uncertainties aroused by the single point method used in the in-flight calibration of CBERS-02 IRMSS, this kind of sensors cannot receive the cosmic background radiation. In this research, the radiometric calibration coefficients obtained through the linear regression model are 8.53 (gain, unit: DN/W m^?2sr^?1μm^?1) and 44.92 (offset, unit: DN).     

基于线性动力波的地貌瞬时单位线模型

根据概念性流域地貌汇流模型的一般理论,以概念性元素"线性动力波河段"模拟各级河道的汇流作用,建立了基于线性动力波的地貌瞬时单位线模型.给出了三级流域瞬时单位线的表达式,并分析了模型参数对瞬时单位线的影响.讨论了参数的约束条件和参数的推求方法,并对南雁流域的雨洪资料进行了实例分析.     

Research of the parameters of SL scaling law

As a universal principle of turbulence cascade,scaling law is important in the research on statistics of turbulence.In the thesis PIV system is used to measure the streamwise velocity vector(u’) and the component of vorti-city (dv’/dx) in order to analyze the parameters of SL scaling law in the boundary layer at Reθ=2694 (Reθ is obtained by the momentum thickness and free flow velocity).The method of wavelet and statistics are used in this paper.Then,the parameters of SL scaling law are fitted with the scaling law of extended self similarity,extended of refined similarity hypothesis and a new form of refined similarity.At different distances from the wall and different scale,the results show that the fitted curves of u’ is in accordance with experimental curves.For dv’/dx,the fitted curves which are fitted with extended of refined similarity hypothesis and a new form of refined similarity is in accordance with experimental curves.     

基于DEM-CFD耦合方法的煤系土边坡失稳机理宏细观分析

边坡的宏观力学特性是由组成土体颗粒的细观参数及其运动决定的,基于连续介质模型的有限元方法虽然能够在宏观层面上基本等效地得到边坡土体的应力变形特性,但难以反映边坡体在微细观尺度上的变形失稳机理,存在明显的局限性。采用将离散元方法（DEM）与计算流体动力学方法（CFD）进行耦合,建立了煤系土边坡三维DEM-CFD流固耦合细观作用计算模型,对降雨作用下煤系土边坡失稳破坏的细观机理进行了分析。结果表明,采用DEM-CFD流固耦合方法模拟的煤系土边坡破坏形式主要是雨水冲刷,边坡滑动面预测为近似的直线段,这与室外模型试验边坡雨水冲刷的范围非常接近,验证了该数值方法的适应性。边坡土体颗粒的力链、配位数以及孔隙率等细观参数,在降雨过程中都会随之发生变化,如坡顶颗粒的孔隙率由初始状态的0.35变化至失稳状态的0.8,这些细观参数的变化与边坡土体的宏观力学表现直接关联,文中通过对颗粒细观参数变化分析,从细观角度深刻解释了雨水作用下煤系土边坡的破坏演变规律。论文研究成果不仅可为该区域煤系土边坡的防护设计与施工提供理论依据,而且为从微细观角度更好地分析离散介质岩土工程的宏观力学规律提供了一种新思路。     

利用双尺度模型的海浪极化SAR成像模拟

海浪极化SAR成像模拟对海面散射的研究有重要的意义。该文根据海浪随机理论进行了粗糙海面建模,利用海面的双尺度模型构造了包含涌浪的随机粗糙海面;同时考虑了大、小尺度的海面的影响。基于该海面模型,利用Bragg散射模型和几何光学近似法模拟了不同风速情况下海浪的极化SAR图像,并对海浪参数及SAR参数对极化图像的影响做了分析,得出了一些有益于海浪信息提取的结论。     

Super-Planckian thermal radiation enabled by hyperbolic surface phonon polaritons

Excitation of surface resonance modes and presence of resonance-free hyperbolic modes are two common ways to enhance the near-field radiative energy transport, which can find wide applications in noncontact thermal management and energy harvesting. Here, we identify another way to achieve the super-Planckian thermal radiation via hyperbolic surface phonon polaritons (HSPhPs). Based on the fluctuation-dissipation theory, the near-field radiative heat flux between bulk hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) planes with the optical axis perpendicular to the radiative energy flow can be 120 times as large as the blackbody limit for a gap distance of 20 nm. When the film thickness is reduced to 10 nm, the radiative heat flux is found to increase by 26.3%. The underlying mechanism is attributed to the coupling of Type I HSPhPs inside the anisotropic hBN film, which improves the energy transmission coefficient over a broad wavevector space especially for waves with extremely high wavevectors. This work helps to deepen the understanding of near-field radiation between natural hyperbolic materials, and opens a new route to enhance the near-field thermal radiation.     

自由曲面设计中的特征模型重构

针对概念设计阶段,设计者不仅需要构造自由曲面简易的方法,且需要直观地修改自由曲面的问题,依据自由型特征分类方法,提出了自由曲面设计系统.以自由型特征库作为系统基础,通过基础曲面和库中的自由型特征,可以通过类布尔运算来构造不规则设计,并且设计者能够通过变换高层参数来修改特征.     

基于主成分分析的产品低碳包装概念设计方法

为了降低产品包装生命周期中形成的高度浪费和高碳排放,给出产品低碳包装概念设计的流程和方法,讨论低碳包装概念设计的准则和边界,以防护性、销售性、低碳性和经济性的综合优化准则为约束,建立产品低碳包装概念设计参数的主成分模型,该模型在集成和筛选原有设计信息的基础上通过数学降维的方式形成新的主成分以降低概念设计方案选择的难度,同时还建立包装概念设计阶段的碳足迹计算模型,给出低碳包装概念设计方案的评价和选择方法,以小型汽油机包装为例,在低碳包装概念设计方法指导下选择的木材、瓦楞纸板和胶合板作为汽油机包装材料形成的3个方案中,结果表明,瓦楞纸板在综合性能指标中以161.17的分值被确定为最优解,符合目前高强度瓦楞纸板代木包装在机电产品包装中的应用趋势,从而验证了此方法有效.     

直升机纵向系统鲁棒滑模控制律设计

在建立系统全包线T-S模糊模型的基础上,基于系统品质要求和可测状态约束条件,采用参数鲁棒设计方法,确定反馈控制参数的可用集合,实现等效控制律,相应确定系统的滑模面参数,给出了直升机纵向控制系统的全包线滑模控制律设计结果。仿真结果显示,系统具有较强的抗外界干扰能力,动态品质满足指标要求,表明文中提出的设计方法可行且有效。     

钢筋混凝土框架柱的二阶效应计算体系

本文对国内外建议的及设计规范采用的钢筋混凝土框架柱二阶效应计算体系作了分析比较,着重说明了某些方法申存在的概念错误或不足.在阐明了不同侧向约束条件下框架二阶效应的基本规律之后,提出了改进我国《混凝土结构设计规范》框架柱二阶效应计算体系的建议.     

Establishmen and vertification of an improved similitude law for dynamic ice force model test

To study the similitude laws for dynamic ice force model test which is a hot problem in ice mechanics.In this paper,a new modified similitude law for dynamic ice force model test is proposed based on ice-induced virbration theory and two reasonable assumptions.And the new law is vertified with an ice-induced pier virbration example.The numerical calculation results show that,firstly,the error of frequency factor between test value and theory value is small as well as that of displacement and velocity;Secondly,the time scale completely meet the similitude relation,the waveforms anastomotic well,and the phenomenon of offset and omit do not occur;Thirdly,as the damping ratio between prototype and model is nearly equal,the improved similitude law will still be applied.Therefore,the new modified similitude law is feasible to study dynamic ice force model test and can provide reference for the ice mechanics.     

磨合表面形貌变化的特征粗糙度参数表征

用结构函数法计算磨损表面轮廓分形维数Ｄ,通过把分形维数Ｄ与测度－尺度间幂律关系中的系数Ｃ相结合,提出了一个名为“特征粗糙度”的表面评定参数τ＊,给出了其定义和计算表达式．在销－盘试验机上对销子表面某一位置在不同磨合磨程时的形貌进行了精确复位测量,轮廓特征粗糙度τ＊值随磨合时间的变化表明：用τ＊评定磨合过程中表面形貌的变化简单、有效,并具有很高的灵敏度     

未充分生成海的海面模型及其雷达散射系数

描述了一种新的海面统计模型－非稳态的未充分生成海潜。在相似条件下分析了未充分生成海谱与充分生成海谱的异同。利用双尺度方法比较了两种状态下海面的电磁散射,并讨论了特征斜率、峰值波数对海面雷达散射系数的影响。     

基于层次分析法的二级模糊综合评判在机构评价中的应用

在概念设计阶段中,机构的选择与评价较为重要,提出了基于层次分析法的二级模糊综合评判方法,采用模糊统计实验法确定隶属度,采用层次分析法中的1~9标度法确定权重。该方法采用定性分析与定量分析相结合,把数学处理和人的经验与主观判断相结合,把人的主观因素限制在较小的范围内,保证了评价结果的准确性。     

小型面源黑体在红外目标模拟器的应用

本文提出了红外（3~5μm）目标模拟器对光源的需求,同时对腔室黑体和面源黑体的特点进行比较和分析,说明了面源黑体更适合应用在红外目标模拟器中。并将小型面源黑体成功的应用在某型红外目标模拟器中实用表明,面源黑体能够更好的满足红外目标模拟器的需求。