基于声发射定位技术的矿柱破坏规律实验研究(英文)

声发射技术是研究岩石损伤破坏的良好工具。通过与矿柱相似的材料试验研究,对微裂纹的时空演化规律进行研究。断铅试验结果表明:所提出的基于最小二乘法和Geiger算法的声发射组合定位算法的定位精度良好,能满足岩石破坏过程声发射监测的需要。声发射定位结果直观地反映岩样内部裂纹初始、扩展的空间位置,对于研究岩石破坏机理具有重要意义。在受载条件下,矿柱与顶板相接位置最容易产生应力集中,出现声发射群集现象,其最终破坏结果与声发射定位时间群集区域吻合良好,说明矿柱与顶板相接位置属于宏观破坏发生的危险区;当岩石进入塑性变形阶段后,声发射率明显下降,出现"平静期",可以作为岩石失稳破坏的前兆特征。     

岩石声发射Kaiser效应的理论和实验研究

利用统计伤模型研究了岩石声发射的Ｋａｉｓｅｒ效应机制，建立声发射数和岩石微元强度统计分布之间的定量关系，根据微观统计损伤理论，利用简单的力学模型推导出单轴应力状态下的Ｋａｉｓｅｒ效应表达式，理论和实验结果较吻合，为岩石声发射规律的理论研究提供了一条新途径。     

防喷器材料在拉伸过程中的声发射信号特性

用声发射技术研究防喷器材料ZG25CrNiMo裂纹试件的拉伸损伤与断裂行为。声发射仪器记录了ZG25CrNiMo裂纹试件在拉伸破坏过程中的声发射信号,运用声发射参数分析方法和波形分析方法对zG25crNiMo裂纹缺陷试件的声发射数据进行分析,得出材料在拉伸过程中的损伤类型以及各阶段所呈现的特性。试验结果表明,拉伸过程中破坏机制对声发射信号的特征具有显著影响,不同损伤阶段的信号频谱特征存在差异。     

C/SiC复合材料拉伸过程的声发射研究

利用声发射（AE）技术对C／SiC复合材料试样拉伸试验过程进行动态监测。通过声发射多参数分析法对拉伸过程中的声发射累计能量和平均持续时间随载荷或时间的变化进行了综合分析；同时对拉伸过程中典型AE信号的频率特征进行了分析，揭示了C／SiC复合材料拉伸损伤的演化过程及规律，给出了材料拉伸损伤发展的不同阶段以及各阶段损伤类型。通过声发射累计能量随载荷变化的斜率突变定义了材料临界损伤强度。     

基于声发射技术的海洋平台材料疲劳损伤检测

海洋平台的疲劳损伤问题亟待解决,通过搭建海洋平台材料弯曲疲劳损伤试验平台,以声发射参数分析和小波分析作为分析手段,对海洋平台材料弯曲疲劳损伤过程进行了分析,得到了海洋平台材料疲劳损伤过程中不同阶段的特征信息,为声发射技术在海洋平台安全监测中的应用提供了理论支持。     

花岗岩在不同温度劈裂载荷下的损伤演化与失稳前兆（英文）

为了阐明深地钻探中花岗岩在劈裂载荷与高温作用下的复杂机械和损伤特性,对经50～600℃处理的花岗岩试样进行巴西劈裂声发射(AE)试验。结果表明,温度变化会使花岗岩的机械与声发射特性发生改变,从而改变其破裂演化过程。当温度超过500℃时,花岗岩的抗拉强度大幅降低,剪切损伤模式占比增加。此外,破裂速率亦呈现明显增长趋势。在基于撞击数和能量计数的损伤参数演化曲线的基础上,定义“损伤参数突变点”来判断作为岩石破坏的前兆信息。基于撞击数的“突变点”比岩石失稳的信号提前到达,且岩石损伤越大,提前的时间越久。通过这个时间差,可以达到预警岩石失稳的效果。     

胶合板拉伸过程中的声发射特征

针对传统的力学试验方法对胶合板破坏过程的表征不足,提出了用声发射检测技术全程监测胶合板拉伸破坏过程。试验表明,材料的损伤破坏具有阶段性,不同阶段的声发射信号特征有明显的区别。研究发现声发射特征参数能够表征材料受载过程中的损伤演化规律和损伤类型,能直观地反映材料的损伤特征。因此,声发射检测技术可作为材料测试、质量评定的有效手段,也是传统力学方法的有益补充。     

声发射技术在三维编织复合材料测试中的应用研究

论述了声发射技术在三维编织复合材料拉伸过程损伤测试中的应用，结果表明，通过采集声发射参数可以描述复合材料在载荷情况下的内部变形的损伤机制。系统采用小波分析方法对声发射信号进行噪声处理，用频谱图描述复合材料的内部损伤变形特征，为复合材料的力学性能分析和材料复合工艺的改善提供理论基础。     

C/SiC复合材料高温蠕变的声发射特性

利用声发射技术(AE)对C/SiC复合材料高温蠕变试验过程进行动态监测。通过声发射参数分析法对蠕变过程中的声发射累计能量随蠕变时间变化进行了分析;同时对蠕变过程中典型AE信号的频率特征进行了分析,揭示了C/SiC复合材料蠕变损伤的演化过程及规律,给出了材料蠕变损伤发展的不同阶段以及各阶段损伤类型。     

Q345R疲劳损伤过程声发射信号特征分析

制冷系统压力容器应用非常广泛，对于该类在役压力容器还没有可靠的实时动态监测方法。提出采用声发射检测技术对制冷系统压力容器进行实时监测，通过对容器制造材料Q345R钢的疲劳载荷试验，采集材料损伤全过程的声发射信号进行特征参数分析、波形和频谱分析，发现材料从裂纹萌生到断裂失效过程的转折点，并对不同损伤阶段声发射信号波形和频谱的特性进行对比研究，找出各个阶段声发射信号的特征，为实现Q345R声发射动态监测和评价提供可靠依据。     

模拟岩石声发射及混沌性的PCA模型

根据岩石的细观非均质特征 ,从基本的能量传递规则出发 ,建立了一种新的物理元胞自动机PCA理论 ,它能够对岩石等细观非均质材料破坏演化过程中的声发射及混沌性进行有效模拟。经对较均质的粗面岩与较不均质的花岗岩AE混沌性模拟结果表明 ,其最大Lyapounov指数分别为 0 .45和 0 .6 2 3,即非均质性越强 ,混沌性就越强 ,对其岩石破坏力学行为的预测就越困难。模拟得到的声发射曲线与Mogi.K的实验结果基本吻合。PCA模型突破了传统元胞自动机模型仅限于数学意义上的运算规则 ,发展成为一种研究岩石破坏演化过程中声发射规律及非线性特征物理力学方法。     

Study on arall failure behaviour under tensile loading

This paper studies the failure behaviour of ARALL (Aramid Aluminum Laminate) under tensile loading by means of acoustic emission (AE), optical metallography (OM) and scanning electronic microscope (SEM), and analyzes the fracture appearance of ARALL and its fracture characteristics. The damage models of ARALL are concluded in this paper. The results show that ARALL will yield under tensile loading, and its strength will decrease as the content of resin increases. During fracture process, AE amplitude distribution curves show that there are three obvious peaks, which respectively correspond to separation of the interface between fibers and resin, local delamination damage and fracture of a small quantity of fibers, and delamination damage of large area and final fracture of a large numbers of fibers. Dynamic damage and fracture process of ARALL can be detected by AE.     

An acoustic emission study of cutting bauxite refractory ceramics by abrasive water jets

This article discusses the material removal process in bauxite refractory ceramics cut by abrasive water jets. Several parameters of the process were changed during the experiments. The experiments were monitored online by the acoustic emission (AE) technique. It was found that AE signals are able to sense the material removal process as well as the machining performances very reliably. Unsteady material removal mode consisting of matrix removal and intergranular fracture was very well represented in the AE signals by an unsteady time dependent signal type characterized by burst emissions and a frequency domain signal associated with a twin-peak shape. The particular characteristics of the signal depend on the energy involved in the process.     

蜂窝夹层复合材料的压缩损伤声发射特征

应用声发射技术对蜂窝夹层复合材料压缩损伤过程进行了试验研究。分析载荷与声发射信号关联图,依据其损伤过程和声发射特征,发现随着加载条件下载荷的增加,复合材料的损伤逐步增大。在加载初始阶段,仅有少量声发射信号,各种表征信号量小幅度增加;在加载中期,声发射信号增多,各种表征信号量不断增大;在加载后期,声发射信号有明显突增,各种表征信号量急剧增加。复合材料压缩损伤破坏与声发射的幅值、能量、撞击、上升时间、持续时间和计数等参量特征相关。根据各阶段特征参量滤波后所得信号分布与实际断裂位置相吻合。     

The transmission of acoustic emission across large-scale turbine rotors

Seal and blade-tip rubbing in turbo machinery can often result in costly rotor damage. Acoustic emission analysis at the bearings has previously been cited as a viable non-destructive monitoring technique by which the onset of such rotor–stator contacts can be detected in large-scale turbines [Aerospace Conf., IEEE Proc. 6 (2000) 79; Electr. Engng Jpn 110 (2000)]. These studies suggested that the stress waves or acoustic emissions produced during the frictional rub process can propagate across the turbine surface and across the bearing interfaces to be detectable by the sensor attached to the bearing housing. However, results from the actual large-scale turbine units have been scarce.

This paper presents a fundamental/pre-requisite study on the transmissibility of acoustic emission (AE) signatures across very large-scale turbine rotors. It is concluded that the actual AE attenuation incurred does not inherently exclude the detection of seal and blade rubbing in turbines. However, its success is highly dependent on advanced signal processing.     

Failure characteristics of three-body model composed of rock and coal with different strength and stiffness

Four different types of three-body model composed of rock and coal with different strength and stiffness were established in order to study the failure characteristics of compound model such as roof-coal-floor. Through stress analysis of the element with variable strength and stiffness extracted from the strong-weak interface, the tri-axial compressive strength of the weak body and strong body near the interface as well as the areas away from the contact surface was found. Then, on the basis of three-dimensional fast Lagrangian method of continua and strain softening constitutive model composed of Coulomb-Mohr shear failure with tensile cut-off, stress and strain relationship of the four three-body combined models were analyzed under different confining pressures by numerical simulation. Finally, the different features of local shear zones and plastic failure areas of the four different models and their development trend with increasing confining pressure were discussed. The results show that additional stresses are derived due to the lateral deformation constraints near the strong-weak interface area, which results in the strength increasing in weak body and strength decreasing in strong body. The weakly consolidated soft rock and coal cementation exhibit significant strain softening behavior and bear compound tension-shear failure under uni-axial compression. With the increase of confining pressure, the tensile failure disappears from the model, and the failure type of composed model changes to local shear failure with different number of shearing bands and plastic failure zones. This work shows important guiding significance for the mechanism study of seismic, rock burst, and coal bump.     

Comparison of Acoustic Emission Characteristics for C/SiC Composite Component Under Combination of Heating and Mechanical Loading

The acoustic emission(AE) characteristics of C/SiC composite component under various conditions were compared, with the purpose of identifying the possible damage and failure mechanism. During the process of the single mechanical loading, the highest amplitude of the AE signal was less than 85 dB and the main damage forms of matrix cracking and interface debonding were involved. For the heating process, high-energy AE signals with an amplitude more than 85 dB were detected and fiber fracture mechanism was determined as well due to the thermal stress caused by the mismatch of the thermal expansion coefficient between the reinforced fiber and matrix. During the combination process of the heating and mechanical loading, it was concluded that the degree of damage was much severer than the simple superposition of damage produced by the individual mechanical loading and the individual heating process.     

孔洞对双晶TiAl合金断裂行为影响的声发射响应

本文基于分子动力学方法,对含孔洞的双晶TiAl合金试样进行了单轴拉伸模拟,在纳米尺度下研究了材料变形和断裂过程中的缺陷演化行为及其声发射响应。研究发现：孔洞大小和位置对材料的弹性模量影响较小,屈服强度随孔洞尺寸的增大而降低;进入塑性变形后,孪晶界对孔洞边缘连续发射的位错有阻碍作用,使晶体强度增加;达到屈服应力时,含晶界孔洞的试样更容易产生稳定的位错结构,阻碍其他位错运动,从而提高了晶体强度;通过对拉伸过程中的声发射信号进行分析,发现声发射信号主要来源于晶格振动,并且具有较大的功率值范围和较低的中值频率;位错滑移的声发射信号表现出宽频域的特点,位错增殖和位错塞积的声发射信号表现出低功率的特点;裂纹扩展的声发射信号属于突发型信号,表现为高频率、高功率的特征。