蚂蚁算法在面向零件的网络化制造中的应用研究*

为了有效地实现网络制造环境下资源共享与优化配置,提出了协同制造链的概念,指出协同制造链是一种围绕零件制造过程的网络化制造动态联盟.在此基础上给出了协同制造链的定义和形式化描述,并以某航空发动机关键零件为具体应用研究对象,详细分析了协同制造链的构建和演化过程;同时,对协同制造链构建和演化过程中的关键问题--协同制造链排序进行了重点研究,建立了该问题的数学描述模型,设计并实现了一个基于蚂蚁算法的协同制造链排序策略.最后通过实例验证了该策略的有效性.     

多政策的两层协同应用存取控制模型

总结了国内外存取控制研究，分析了目前基于角色的存取控制应用于协同系统时存在的一些问题．针对这些问题，给出了一个用于协同应用系统的存取控制框架．该框架包括两个子部件：基本模型和角色模型．基本模型规定了操作权限之间的依赖关系以及如何进行操作权限比较，并将权限与对具体对象的操作相关联，使得该模型较为直观．此外只要系统中Broker的实现支持，该模型能够实现任意粒度级的存取控制．角色模型对RBAC96的角色概念重新给予了定义，将角色的允许集划分为三部分：公共权限、私有权限和保护权限．角色允许集的划分使用户可以更加灵活地定义角色，方便地控制角色的私有信息不被其他角色所访问，有效地减少了辅助角色的定义．     

基于主模型的协同设计软件架构技术研究

运载火箭总体方案论证过程中,由于涉及专业多、专业间迭代交互频繁、设计方案多变等特点,容易造成多专业协同设计时版本与技术状态的不统一,需要研究针对运载火箭产品的通用建模方法,并开发相应的软件系统;基于统一数据源的协同设计理念,结合运载火箭总体设计与数据模型特点,通过定义基础信息模型、概念模型、参数模型、外部定义模型4种数据模型,提出了针对运载火箭产品的通用主模型构建方法;将此通用建模方法软件化,搭建了基于主模型的协同设计软件系统整体架构;此架构包含主模型管理系统、主模型建模工具及应用客户端三部分,实现了多专业协同设计过程中数据与版本的统一管理、技术状态一致性分析、谱系追踪、数据展示与应用等功能;该主模型建模工具与客户端软件系统的实现,为运载火箭的总体协同设计提供了工具支撑。     

基于角色权限的业务过程协同建模方法

分析企业业务过程的特点,提出一种基于角色权限控制的业务过程协同建模方法,通过过程模型的拆分来分解复杂建模任务,确定自顶向下的协同建模步骤,利用基于角色权限控制机制实现业务过程建模人员与访问权限的逻辑分离,在协同建模机制中引入修改锁、冻结锁以及4条加锁规则。仿真实验结果表骐,该方法是有效可行的。     

协同业务过程的随机行为分析方法

参与组织随机行为是评价业务协同有效实施的一个关键因素。结合进程代数和马尔科夫链,提出了一种协同业务过程的随机行为分析方法。首先,使用有限状态自动机建模每个参与组织的业务过程,通过引入异步消息通信关系定义协同业务过程。其次,提出将参与组织业务过程转换成通信顺序进程（Communication Sequential Process,CSP）方法,进而将每个参与组织业务过程对应CSP进程并发组合得到协同业务过程对应的CSP进程,并根据CSP操作语义构建协同业务过程的状态迁移模型。最后,引入状态迁移模型正则化概念,从理论上证明正则化的状态迁移模型与一个齐次马尔科夫链相对应,进而根据平衡方程求得状态迁移系统中每个状态的稳定概率,以此为基础实现参与组织随机行为分析。通过对电设备采购过程建模与随机行为分析阐述该方法的可行性和有效性。     

面向语义服务架构的协同制造平台集成框架

为了实现网络化制造环境下跨企业协同制造过程中资源、数据、应用、能力等的有效集成,对面向服务架构进行了语义扩展,提出基于语义面向服务架构的协同制造平台集成框架.设计了该协同制造平台的分层体系结构和主要功能区.给出了制造服务建模方法,通过制造服务的形式化定义消除技术实现中的差异性,并对OWL-S语言进行扩展来描述制造服务以实现服务的语义性.然后给出了制造服务集成方法.最后给出了应用原型及实现,通过纺织机械制造企业的应用案例证明了该方法的可行性与有效性.     

基于ProA的产品开发过程建模

为了有效对制造企业产品开发过程管理,在应用IDEF0模型、分层Petri网和面向对象设计方法并在分析活动和过程关系的基础上,提出了基于活动及其实现过程(ProA)建模单元的过程模型的建立方法.详细对ProA数学建模,定义了ProA、ProA的输入/输出展开、ProA建模单元的典型运作、产品开发过程建模步骤.通过基于ProA的机电产品开发过程建模实例研究说明了其实用性.     

协同状态网及其在软件建模和分析中的应用

软件建模是软件活动的根本任务和模型驱动开发过程的核心,软件工程界一直追寻“银弹”式的软件建模方法。在分析现有软件建模方法的基础上,提出了协同状态网,以实现对软件系统的静态和动态特征描述。首先给出了协同状态网的形式化定义、图形化表示以及相关概念解释。以锅炉控制软件系统为例,详细说明了模型构造算法、模型可靠性分析方法。阐述了协同状态网在软件建模与实现等方面的一些优点,如便于理解,一个模型描述静动态特征,模型可分析可执行,可视化和一致性较好等。     

云制造环境下协同工作流控制模型研究

分析制造企业协同工作流管理的新需求,指出云制造模式下协同工作流管理存在自主、并发、协同、动态的特点。采用分层有限状态自动机对协同工作流控制过程建模,给出用于实现该模型的简化类结构设计,阐述模型中状态机的动态重构和行为控制过程。将该模型应用于某钢铁企业集团板材营销业务协同中,结果表明,该模型可提高业务协同效率及公司板材的接单能力。     

一个基于角色的工作流模型

在WfMC（Workflow Management Coalition）的工作流元模型和RBAC（Role Based Access Control）的基础上提出一个基于角色的工作流模型。该模型将RBAC融入工作流建模，实现了流程定义过程中基于角色的任务授权，并将带有角色继承特性的RBAC1引入工作流模型的角色层次的维护，并在此基础上结合组织结构图，对角色进行纵向和横向的划分，使角色层次结构更接近实际应用。     

System construction for comprehensive industrial ecosystem oriented networked collaborative manufacturing platform (NCMP) based on three chains

In industrial manufacturing, with the deep integration and development of advanced digital technologies such as industrial big data, industrial Internet and industrial artificial intelligence with manufacturing industry, the manufacturing model is gradually developing and evolving from the direction of networking, platform, integration, collaboration and ecology. Therefore, for industrial manufacturing process, the research of construction of comprehensive industrial ecosystem oriented Networked Collaborative Manufacturing Platform (NCMP) system is great industrial application value by integrating network characteristics, platform elements, integrated mechanism, collaborative model and ecological format. In this paper, the system model of NCMP is constructed from four perspectives, including network perspective, collaborative manufacturing perspective, platform perspective, and industrial ecosystem perspective. Then, a system framework of NCMP based on three chains (manufacturing chain, value chain, and industrial chain) is proposed. Three collaborative subsystems of NCMP (vertical collaboration subsystem from multi perspective, horizontal collaboration subsystem from multi process, end to end collaboration subsystem from multi operator) are constructed. At last, a comprehensive system construction for NCMP in automobile industry is giving. The research results show that the most important elements to construct NCMP are purchasing department collaboration, demand department collaboration, design collaboration, data integration between enterprises and factories, etc.     

移动制造协同网络的多要素复杂性分析

为了解决移动制造协同空间的描述和分析问题,在分析用户/协同功能关系的基础上,定义了协同网络.通过定义、计算、分析节点的强度、聚集系数等参数及其关系,揭示了各节点在网络中的地位与相互关系,进而研究了用户界面之间的耦合关系.该研究可为协同空间的构建和协同过程的监控提供依据.     

IOS drivers of manufacturer-supplier flexibility and manufacturer agility

In today’s hypercompetitive environment, it is critical for manufacturing firms to be agile in responding to ephemeral opportunities in the marketplace. This agility often requires the collaboration with supply chain partners. However, how a manufacturing firm collaborates with its suppliers to achieve agility remains an understudied issue. This study holds that manufacturing firms and their suppliers need to develop manufacturer-supplier flexibility accompanied with well-built integrated information systems and associated analytical systems (such as business intelligence) to enable manufacturer agility. To deepen our understanding of the roles of manufacturer-supplier flexibility and IOS technologies in facilitating manufacturer agility, we build and test a model based on the real options theory and bounded rationality. Based on 141 matched-pair samples of Taiwanese manufacturing firms, our findings demonstrate the importance of manufacturer-supplier flexibility in achieving higher manufacturer agility, wherein IOS integration enables better flexibility. We also show IOS-enabled analytical ability can strengthen the effect of such flexibility on manufacturer agility. Implications of the results for practices and academics are provided.     

汽车数字供应链SaaS化新管理模式探究与实践

随着现代技术的发展,汽车产业孕育着新一轮升级。目前,汽车企业间的竞争逐步加大,已经逐步转化为供应链的竞争。而传统供应链生产管理仍然面临着市场高质量、高交期的巨大挑战,无法满足汽车企业对其生产效率的需求。因此,新的汽车供应链管理模式应运而生。研究了汽车数字供应链软件即服务(SaaS)化新管理模式,并基于SaaS平台实现探索供应链数字化管理的新生态模式。以某汽车公司为例,进行供应链SaaS生态平台实践研究,以数字化制造重塑供应链流程,解决供应链企业间数据协同,实现汽车全产业链互联互通、结构性降本增效,打造高效协作、互利共赢的新型行业生态模式。采用SaaS平台实现供应链生产管理后,其供应链管理数字化延伸,生产线开动率提升了1%,协同效率大幅提升。     

The effects of collaboration on build-to-order supply chains: with a comparison of BTO,MTO, and MTS

The initiative of collaborative planning, forecasting and replenishment has generally provided rich options of strategies for build-to-order (BTO) supply chain members. In this study, we examined collaborative activities across BTO, make-to-order (MTO), and make-to-stock (MTS) supply chains. We draw upon the results from an empirical research from 126 manufacturing companies to illustrate what collaborative activities will enable companies to achieve better market performance, given their particular production circumstances. We have provided three major findings in this study: (1) identified a set of activities that are viewed as important for collaboration by business managers; (2) recognized various effects of collaboration on BTO, MTO, and MTS; and (3) illustrated the association between collaborative activities in BTO, MTO, and MTS supply chain and firm’s market performance.     

Performance evaluation of collaboration in the design process: Using interoperability measurement

A design process, whether for a product or for a service, is composed of a large number of activities connected by data and information exchanges. The quality of these exchanges, called in this paper collaboration, requires the ability to exchange useful, understandable and unambiguous data and information to the different designers involved. In this paper, a global framework is first set for process/product performance management. Then, the research question focuses on the definition and evaluation of the performance of collaborations, and by extension, of the design process in its entirety. This performance evaluation requires the definition of several key elements such as object to evaluate, the performance criteria, indicators and action variables. In order to define the object of evaluation, this paper relies on a literature study on collaboration resulting in an ECORE meta-model of collaborative processes. The collaboration performance measurement is for its part based on the concept of interoperability. This measure estimates the technical and conceptual interoperability of the different pairwise collaborations. The paper is concluded by proposing a tooled methodology for collaborations’ performance evaluation including two main phases: process modeling and interoperability measurement. Tooling is provided through the Eclipse Modeling Framework (EMF) using its (meta-) model edition, constraint validation and model comparison features. The applicability of the methodology is also illustrated using a case study in design.     

REST架构视角下面向内容协同的BPM引擎设计与实现

设计并实现了一个通用的多用户、多角色为主体的面向知识密集型协作的业务流程管理平台。在传统的工作流引擎中扩展了基于资源和角色间的约束和关联的元数据描述框架,实现了流程定义级和实例级的用户、角色和资源的动态映射、运行时自适应的动态任务创建和满足角色资源约束和关联的动态任务表单构建。     

Dialogic weaving: a favorable tension between design and craft

Focusing on a process where a designer embeds herself in craftspeople’s workshops with the intention of ‘learning from inside’ and ‘making together’; this paper proposes pathways for considering collaboration between designers and craftspeople via digital fabrication and weaving. The tension of forces that make weaving possible, act as an analogy for this collaboration as well as providing the title of the project as ‘One Over, One Under’. The project proposes a mode of working and a spectrum of outcomes where the designer has a first-hand experience of production techniques, engages in a serious and continuous dialogue through making, and develops an intervention that also brings forth her own skill set (introducing digital fabrication and structural variations), thus transforming the conventions and boundaries between established roles and manufacturing techniques. An experiment that resulted in a series of objects considering both the technologies of production and the input of the designer, this process not only increases the potentials that crafts hold for the field of design, but it also offers possibilities of collaboration and a further articulation of the design act.     

基于CSCW的软件开发协作模型的研究

协作模型是CSCW系统的核心和基础,其目的是描述群体协作的方式、机制、管理、协调以及对协作过程的控制等。该文从软件协同开发的特点出发,在分析和利用现有协作模型的基础上,建立了任务、活动和操作三层结构的软件开发协作模型,给出模型及其基本元素的形式化定义,并将其应用于建立RUP协作模型。