基于稀疏表示的多标记学习算法

为解决多标记数据的分类问题,提出基于稀疏表示的多标记学习算法。首先将待分类样本表示为训练样本集上的稀疏线性组合,基于l¹-最小化方法求得最稀疏的系数解。然后利用稀疏系数的判别信息提出一个计算待分类样本对各标记的隶属度的方法。最后根据隶属度对标记进行排序,进而完成分类。在Yeast基因功能分析、自然场景分类和web页面分类上的实验表明,该算法能够有效解决多标记数据的分类问题,与其它方法相比取得更好的结果。     

基于标记特征的多标记学习改进算法

基于标记特征的多标记分类算法通过对标记的正反样例集合进行聚类,计算样例与聚类中心间的距离构造样例针对标记的特征子集,并生成新的训练集,在新的训练集上利用传统的二分类器进行分类。算法在构造特征子集的过程中采用等权重方式,忽略了样例之间的相关性。提出了一种改进的多标记分类算法,通过加权方式使生成的特征子集更加准确,有助于提高样例的分类精度。实验表明改进的算法性能优于其他常用的多标记分类算法。     

结合标记相关性的特征选择算法

在多标记分类问题中,每个样本可以同时与多个标记类别相关,其中一些标记之间可能具有相关性,充分利用这些标记相关性,可优化分类性能.因此,文中利用标记的频繁项集对标记相关性进行挖掘,提出针对基于邻域粗糙集的多标记属性约简算法进行改进的特征选择算法,并进一步将训练样本根据特征之间的相似性进行聚类,结合局部样本上的标记相关性,进行属性约简及分类.在5个多标记分类数据集上的实验验证文中算法的有效性.     

基于ASM和K近邻算法的人脸脸型分类

针对人脸特征分类问题,提出一种基于主动形状模型(ASM)和K近邻算法的人脸脸型分类方法。将Hausdorff距离作为K近邻算法的距离函数,利用ASM算法提取待测图像的特征点,对点集进行归一化后计算人脸轮廓特征点与样本库中所有样本点集的Hausdorff距离,根据该距离值,通过K近邻算法实现待测图像的脸型分类。实验结果证明,该方法分类正确率高、速度快、易于实现。     

一种针对弱标记的直推式多标记分类方法

多标记学习主要解决一个样本可以同时属于多个类别的问题,它广泛适用于图像场景分类、文本分类等任务.在传统的多标记学习中,分类器往往需要利用大量具有完整标记的训练样本才能获得较好的分类性能,然而,在很多现实应用中又往往只能获得少量标记不完整的训练样本.为了更好地利用这些弱标记训练样本,提出一种针对弱标记的直推式多标记分类方法,它可以通过标记误差加权来补全样本标记,同时也能更好地利用弱标记样本提高分类性能.实验结果表明,该方法在弱标记情况下的图像场景分类任务上具有较好的性能提高.     

基于标记相关性的多示例多标记算法

多示例多标记学习（Multi-Instance Multi-Label,MIML）是一种新的机器学习框架,基于该框架上的样本由多个示例组成并且与多个类别相关联,该框架因其对多义性对象具有出色的表达能力,已成为机器学习界研究的热点.解决MIML分类问题的最直接的思路是采用退化策略,通过向多示例学习或多标记学习的退化,将MIML框架下的分类问题简化为一系列的二类分类问题进行求解.但是在退化过程中会丢失标记之间的关联信息,降低分类的准确率.针对此问题,本文提出了MIMLSVM-LOC算法,该算法将改进的MIMLSVM算法与一种局部标记相关性的方法ML-LOC相结合,在训练过程中结合标记之间的关联信息进行分类.算法首先对MIMLSVM算法中的K-medoids聚类算法进行改进,采用的混合Hausdorff距离,将每一个示例包转化为一个示例,将MIML问题进行了退化.然后采用单示例多标记的算法ML-LOC算法继续以后的分类工作.在实验中,通过与其他多示例多标记算法对比,得出本文提出的算法取得了比其他分类算法更优的分类效果.     

基于ASM的CT图像序列标记点定位方法研究

CT图像序列中的标记点是CT图像配准和三维重建的基础,如何快速、准确地对标记点定位是一个值得研究的重要问题。论文引入活动轮廓模型(ASM)方法,并根据CT图像序列本身具有的相关性和实际特点,采用距离场插值方法获取迭代初始模型来解决ASM方法中初始模型获取问题,采用自适应尺度变换的检索方法来提高定位准确性和效率,并根据具体问题的需要采用灰度向量Mahalanobis距离最小作为匹配原则。试验验证,经过以上改进的ASM方法能够有效地解决CT图像序列中的标记点跟踪问题。     

基于邻域粗糙集和Relief的弱标记特征选择方法

在多标记学习与分类中,现有邻域粗糙集特征选择算法若将样本的分类间隔作为邻域半径,则会出现分类间隔过大导致分类无意义、样本距离过大容易造成异类样本和同类样本失效,以及无法处理弱标记数据等情况.为解决这些问题,提出一种基于多标记邻域粗糙集和多标记Relief的弱标记特征选择方法.首先,引入异类样本数和同类样本数来改进分类间...     

基于局部正、负标记相关性的k近邻多标记分类新算法

在多标记学习中,每个样本都由一个实例表示,并与多个类标记相关联。现有的多标记学习算法大多是在全局利用标记相关性,即假设所有的样本共享不同类别标记之间的正相关性。然而,在实际应用中,不同的样本共享不同的标记相关性,标记间不仅存在正相关性,而且存在相互排斥的现象,即负相关性。针对这一问题,提出了基于局部正、负成对标记相关性的k近邻多标记分类算法PNLC。首先,对多标记数据的特征向量进行预处理,分别为每类标记构造对该类标记最具有判别能力的属性特征;然后,在训练阶段,PNLC算法通过所有训练样本中各样本的每个k近邻的真实标记构建标记之间的正、负局部成对相关性矩阵;最后,在测试阶段,首先得到每个测试样例的k近邻及其对应的正、负成对标记关系,利用该标记关系计算最大后验概率对测试样例进行预测。实验结果表明,PNLC算法在yeast和image数据集上的分类准确率明显优于其他常用的多标记分类算法。     

基于稳健模糊粗糙集模型的多标记文本分类

针对多标记数据的不确定性以及噪声数据的存在,提出了一种新的多标记稳健模糊粗糙分类模型。该模型是处理单标记分类问题的k-mean稳健统计量模糊粗糙分类模型的扩展应用。对于每个待分类数据,首先根据相似性计算方法,得到它们相对于各标记的隶属度;然后根据隶属度定义待分类数据与各标记的相关度;最后为每一组相关度赋予合适的阈值,得到相关的标记集合。在3个标准多标记数据集和1个真实多标记文本数据集上的实验结果表明,对于多标记文本分类问题,所提模型在 6个常用的多标记评测指标上较常用的ML-kNN和rank-SVM多标记学习方法具有更高的准确率。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。