Study on Energy Variable Laser-Compton Gamma-ray with a Fixed Energy Electron Beam

The electron beam in medium scale (1-2 GeV) synchrotron radiation ring is attractive to generate an intense and narrow energy spread of laser-Compton gamma-ray beam in an MeV-region. Since the storage ring is operated with fixed electron energy for synchrotron radiation (SR) users, methods for changing the gamma-ray energy should be investigated. Three methods, 1) using a tunable laser, 2) changing the collision angle between the laser and the electron beam, and 3) selecting the scattering angle of the laser-Compton gamma-ray by using a collimator and an absorber, are studied by analytical calculation and simulation which takes into account the electron beam size and effective length of laser-electron interaction. Since a tunable laser has no enough power in the infrared wavelength region, an intense gamma-ray beam can not be generated by using a tunable laser at present stage. The collimator-absorber method generates enough amounts of gamma-rays, but simulation shows a broad energy spread, -7%, of the gamma-ray. An acceptable gamma-ray beam can be obtained by changing the incident angle of the laser beam whose pulse width and timing are synchronized with the electron beam pulse.     

条形电极束流能散探测器

介绍了北京正负电子对撞机改造工程(BEPCⅡ)新安装的条形电极束流能散度探测器(BESM);对BESM无损束流能散度测量进行了理论分析以及对BESM进行了位置标定和灵敏度计算,并给出了该BESM位置灵敏度计算的误差分析.     

光学渡越辐射在电子束能谱测量上的应用

论述了用光学渡越辐射对强流短脉冲束团的能谱进行测量的理论和方法。探讨了利用单膜装置、双膜装置或多膜装置产生的光学渡越辐射进行束流能谱测量的方法，并针对２０ＭｅＶ电子感应直线加速器能散为０．５％的电子束能谱测量作了一些计算以得到部分装置的设计参数。计算表明：应用渡越光栅谱仪选择合适的膜片厚度及间距，对于给定的电子能谱，可以得到大的能量接受度和好的能量分辨率。然而，要用大量的膜片是困难的，而且还有许多影响多膜渡越辐射能谱仪的实际问题需要讨论。     

Simulation study of transverse optical klystron radiation

The radiation from a transverse optical klystron(TOK) is calculated by far field approximation and numerical integration,in which the effects of electron-beam emittance and energy spread are considered.Accurate electron-beam profiles have been experimentally determined and modeled by the Monte Carlo method.The calculated spectra illustrate the emittance of Hefei storage ring imposes on the spontaneous radiation of TOK.     

Stress and thickness calculation of a bolted flat cover with double metal sealing rings

An X-ray pinhole camera has been used to determine the transverse beam size and emittance on the diagnostic beam line of the storage ring at SSRF since2009.The performance of the beam size measurement is determined by the width of the point spread function of the X-ray pinhole camera.Beam-based calibration was carried in 2012 out by varying the beam size at the source point and measuring the image size.However,this calibration method requires special beam conditions.In order to overcome this limitation,the pinhole camera was upgraded and an X-ray quasi-monochromator was installed.A novel experimental method was introduced by combining the pinhole camera with the monochromator to calibrate the point spread function.The point spread function can be accurately resolved by adjusting the angle of the monochromator and measuring the image size.The X-ray spectrum can also be obtained.In this work,the X-ray quasi-monochromator and the novel beam-based calibration method will be presented in detail.     

兰州高能电子成像实验平台电子束团长度测量研究

为提高高能电子成像的时间和空间分辨率,实验需低能散、低发射度、短脉冲的高品质束流。本文利用相干渡越辐射能谱分析法测量基于热阴极微波电子枪的高能电子成像用直线加速器的电子束团长度。通过用迈克尔逊干涉仪测量太赫兹辐射能谱,利用自相关曲线拟合法得到电子束团长度。实验结果表明,当束流宏脉冲峰值强度约为24 mA,即电荷量约为15 pC时,电子束团均方根长度约为0723 5 ps。另外,用Kramers Kronig(K K)相位分析法可重建一种可能的电子束团纵向分布。电子束团长度测量的研究可优化束流品质,对后续高能电子成像实验有重要的参考意义。     

Non-intercepting electron beam transverse diagnostics with optical diffraction radiation at the DESY FLASH facility

Linear colliders (LCs) and short wavelength free electron lasers (FELs) require ultra-high brilliant electron beams of so much power density that no intercepting device can sustain it. The development of suitable beam diagnostics, non-invasive and non-intercepting, is necessary to measure the properties of such beams.Optical diffraction radiation (ODR) is considered as one of the most promising candidates, as testified by the interest of many laboratories all around the world.An experiment based on the detection of ODR has been set-up at DESY FLASH Facility and it is under operation to measure the electron beam transverse parameters. The radiation is emitted by a high energetic electron beam passing through a sub-millimeter slit, opened on a screen made of aluminum deposited on a silicon substrate. Radiation is then detected by a low noise, high sensitivity CCD camera.We report here the preliminary results for a 680 MeV electron beam energy going through a 0.5 mm slit.     

一种消色差三磁铁偏转系统

文章提出了一种新的消色差三磁铁偏转系统，并用矩阵法分析了系统的传输特性，导出了系统的消色差关系式，该系统的中心电子轨迹在束引出方向仅占据一个偏转半径的范围，比其他消色差系统都小，特别适用于医用电子直线加速器。     

Surface modification of Hastelloy C-276 by SiC addition and electron beam melting

Electron beam surface melting of Hastelloy C-276 with the SiC addition is carried out to improve the surface properties. The resulted microstructure and non-equilibrium phases are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive system (EDS). The Hastelloy C-276 is successfully surface-hardened by electron beam melting, the surface hardening effect can be attributed to both microstructure refinement and eutectic phases produced by EB. During EB melting the SiC broke into small pieces and spread in the microstructure increasing the surface hardness by thirteen times.     

Simulation studies on two-frequency RF gun

Photocathode RF gun is widely used for particle accelerators as an electron source.When driving an RF electron gun at the fundamental frequency and a higher harmonic frequency simultaneously with proper field ratio and relative phase,it generates electron beams of ultralow emittance and a linear longitudinal phase space distribution.Such a gun provides high quality electron beam with low energy spread,small traverse emittance and high brightness.In this paper,the RF design of a 1.5 cell cavity is presented.Simulation results of beam dynamics for the two-frequency gun and a standard single-frequency RF gun are also shown in this paper.In addition,bunch compression with a two-frequency gun is explored.     

螺线管磁场旋转束流法测量Mini-LIA电子束能量

介绍了螺线管磁场旋转束流法的能量测量原理和在Mini-uA上开展的单脉冲电子束能量测量实验.通过测量束流在螺线管磁场中的旋转角度,得到Mini-LIA出口处电子束能量,与加速器总的加速电压符合得很好.分析了旋束法的测量误差和应用特点,给出了旋束法测量的适用范围.     

Heavy ion microbeam vacuum requirements

Transport of heavy ions through an ion microbeam focusing system can be affected by insufficient vacuum within the beam transport tube. Due to interactions of heavy ions with atoms of residual gas in the vacuum tube of a microbeam facility, the angular, lateral and energy spreading of an ion beam increases prior to focusing, creating a beam halo. This beam halo can produce undesirable effects in some applications of ion microbeam techniques. In order to model this effect, the ion beam angular spread in residual gas has been approximated by Sigmund’s theoretical predictions for small-angle ion multiple scattering (MS), while ion energy loss straggling distributions have been applied for studying the energy spread. The extent of the beam halo has been estimated by combining the results of these calculations with ion optics calculations. Recommendations concerning microbeam focusing due to the vacuum conditions are given for different heavy ions in the MeV energy range.     

基于150 MeV电子束的光中子特性模拟分析

高能中子源是研究高能太空宇宙射线中子对人体和电子仪器辐射损伤的必备装置,基于高能电子加速器的光中子源是目前能够提供较高能量白光中子的方式之一。本工作以清华大学先进加速器实验室的激光电子加速器束流参数为基础,借助Geant4对产生的光中子的能量特性、产额特性、角分布特性、时间特性进行了分析。模拟结果表明,Φ2 cm×2 cm的圆柱体Ta靶时,150 MeV电子束流可产生最高能量约为110 MeV、中子产额约为1.2×10~5n/10~7e-、出射时间在0~100 ns之间呈负指数分布的几乎各向同性的光中子。根据拟合的中子能量-出射时间离散指数函数,估算得到对产生的1~100MeV中子,在飞行距离为5m时中子飞行时间的时间分辨率好于2.23%。本工作为该加速器的光中子产生和实验测量工作提供了参考依据。     

Non-equilibrium ignition criterion for magnetized deuterium–tritium fuel

A compact 15.0-MeV, 1.5-kW electron linear accelerator(LINAC) was successfully constructed to provide an electron beam for the first photoneutron source at the Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Shanghai,China. This LINAC consists of five main parts: a thermal cathode grid-controlled electron gun, a pre-buncher, a variable-phase-velocity buncher, a light-speed accelerating structure, and a high-power transportation beamline. A digital feedforward radio frequency compensator is adopted to reduce the energy spread caused by the transient beam loading effect. Furthermore, a real-time electron gun emission feedback algorithm is used to keep the beam stable. After months of efforts, all the beam parameters successfully met the requirements of the facility. In this paper, the beam commissioning process and performance of the LINAC are presented.     

Numerical simulation of inducing characteristics of high energy electron beam plasma for aerodynamics applications

The problem of flow active control by low temperature plasma is considered to be one of the most flourishing fields of aerodynamics due to its practical advantages.Compared with other means,the electron beam plasma is a potential flow control method for large scale flow.In this paper,a computational fluid dynamics model coupled with a multi-fluid plasma model is established to investigate the aerodynamic characteristics induced by electron beam plasma.The results demonstrate that the electron beam strongly influences the flow properties,not only in the boundary layers,but also in the main flow.A weak shockwave is induced at the electron beam injection position and develops to the other side of the wind tunnel behind the beam.It brings additional energy into air,and the inducing characteristics are closely related to the beam power and increase nonlinearly with it.The injection angles also influence the flow properties to some extent.Based on this research,we demonstrate that the high energy electron beam air plasma has three attractive advantages in aerodynamic applications,i.e.the high energy density,wide action range and excellent action effect.Due to the rapid development of near space hypersonic vehicles and atmospheric fighters,by optimizing the parameters,the electron beam can be used as an alternative means in aerodynamic steering in these applications.     

电子能量损失谱仪用中高能电子枪的研制

研制了一台电子能量损失谱仪用的中高能电子枪。其产生的电子与原子、分子发生碰撞,通过谱仪收集、分析散射电子的动量和能量,可以获得靶的电子结构和碰撞动力学信息。该电子枪结构简单,由热阴极、栅极、阳极、聚焦极和偏转板组成;电子能量可调范围大(1-3 keV),操作简单。为了获得最优的束流条件,利用SIMION电子光学软件模拟了电子发射源大小和初始发散角对靶点处的束斑大小和束流发散角的影响。在电子能量为1.5 keV条件下,实验检验给出在离电子枪出口27 mm处可获得束径约为0.95 mm、束流发散角约0.93°和束流强度6.27mA的电子束,满足电子能量损失谱仪的使用要求。     

The ORNL ECR multicharged ion source

A multicharged ion source based on electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) heating has been designed and built at ORNL. The ECR ion source, which is completely dedicated for atomic physics collisions studies, produces higher charge states and higher beam intensities than the present ORNL PIG multicharged ion source, and will thus permit study of collision processes involving ions of higher charge states in experiments requiring higher beam intensities than could be previously obtained in our laboratory. The source has already produced up to fully stripped C and O beams, as well as up to He-like Ar beams. Measurements of the energy spread of ions extracted from the ion source operating in both single-stage and two-stage mode are described. In addition, initial results of total cross section measurements for fully stripped light ions incident on atomic hydrogen in the energy range 0.2–10 keV are presented.     

注入聚束腔的离子束的能量分散对直线加速器输出束流波形的影响

一、理论分析众所周知,在质子直线加速器前常用聚束腔来提高加速器的捕获效率。从聚束腔至加速器入口有一段聚束漂移空间,如图1所示。